ALhit tk dillernce betoeen lateh ard Flip-lop

The mapr diHeenee betven

a ftp-flop te
Iateh and a

hat a latch f level.trh gered and tact uhaeas a flp lon

Ahd slow
ldge-t
evel-triggerad outpuB can thange aa soon as the inpat change
edge-triagered only changes atate uwhen a cotrol aignal q0 t
hiqh to low os low to hih

aGive he embol ot TFET od MbSFET Compase

D

Ciote
Drad'n b
Souee-S

TFET
moSFET
held-etect transletor
wtth yumina
with 34euminal device
Souuce aat) Drauh& Bod
devices

N-chonnd P-thannel .Deplebion mede Enhancemert moce

Aate +he D-rgan's Bbrem

states that î'nvertlng
the otpd of
DeTMorgan's theoTem
reeults o game -unchio) as opposite tpe
ahy qate
itweded gater
CAND vs OR) with tuoo
OR
R¢ore) stadea
I hat to0. o 0 e vaulables
Morq on's
au the tuo Vatiablu inveted com
O'edtogehen is same
aht
and
nd ANped ule 4Raore chate: that -womose oi

AND'dogethe a n e a 2 vaiasle tnvetd and o

what i h dtlerences blw Combinaiona Sequentia

Combtndtional d
uenfial.
Otpue depends only upon .Ouput depends ugon pTe
rescnioput a uwell as
paut trput
peed Re fast Beedslow
I s destgned eany U daaned Houg
Compausd to cormbinatbne
ltme independeat 0 0
time dpendent"
Etenuta ould blocs
Logte qdes, p-lpr
Rearse Ae+BC+AC

.tr,
hro

cDhne Ripple tactor, Eficdenay o tulunue echit

-factaDetned au 4he ato o ms value of he
Ripple
ac tomponent 4o doc'corfponient (r)6.ue
EHiuy- s the ratio ol DC bupt pouw to+h A
i
Yeceri

input po Jhe, effreseno a hull-cu fechihes. ts

Cive sjmboll ol JFEt and MostET
A-20 A
&Realie xOR, XNDR using Univeatal gates MO et (
X bR Qate

NAND A

rYCeR 4

NDR

-
XNDR
(O i
NAND

D
NOR

t t e 4te diRedence betueen BJT F6T.

contrdled drce (Blpolar Junchom
BJT t a urrent
Tvansistor)
Btpolai compbecnt Bpge CllectorEmtke
FETvotoge contlad devi'ce (re-ER
Cni-undion trarsisto
 to alte 4e dleaence ketuween Latch 1FUp-{og9

4 ohat ase advortoger of F6T over BJT

ET have much htghee fnput reatefkance thon BIT Aand
teefove drauw fau lea Cugnt'&rorm -he sotute
'

2 Madehe De Movgon'stheovem.
A 30
18 Cuve symbok ot JFETand mosfeT
A 29
uorte the cdaractèeistier cf TTL lg family
ou o - o tods 4he olp 6t a
gte cve
Fan infa Ofan
diw wilhout alkecBng
# uual patomance
Can 30
yetcofan ou ok 30)
4he t ol Paueneeds
e ouue diesipadion . t repreçends ddvbe.
CFowe aimest lorw
opanshion delay Represénds Ahe tanstioa -tme -ot elopa
when inpud feve charges (hvq about ans
ans)
ARe ameurcb of nolse voltage allso
O b i marqin Represerds
uwkich docsntt alled sardaud oupu
irpud,
Cbous ó-uv)

Legic lo levd " at oloivi and hah lael is at v

 A na

Compase CE, C ACB,conuahiong

Chauactewrhe CBi CE
nput dynamweVey low Lou
Cl Hhan too.ny
veii
ChSotn
tetstance

lpu Vesy Louw

Guunent aon
Leas thon i Ver
reaten a n CC
Ahlahest Loroeans
Vollage aD Lex than CE les hani)
lousu aal
Medrum Medsum
Veay small
Ve laune lage
ealeoge Cuolent
Ralh blw y| n phase ut or phka nn phaic
uo)
hyh frequenyhudib reere npedonee
loppbieadta rlcetio
 ohat heemal runauway
Themal
a
unauny beqini wohen the hert qeresated *h a b
eceeds 4k ameunt e hdat 4hat t despated to ts
AUhg: I the bf erceeive heat creatlon k d
caute

TemedeA, Ahe cmdion will wosen

Aonte down ke daracteurt o 4ifal 14s.

Speed ot opesadion-speihe i
Ppagts delay in pdoly
Pawes o desiphion' VaeTec
3qee ok meit Propagebbn delay me *poa
CPT
fan out kigh -tan-out is adanmages:"

sCuuet and yolage Patametc ko

G) Motgeimmunity
Voltage thisosad
A» Vo-Vi
Vi
Stube notte rmasge 0 L-VoL
VoL

1atwha t mean b sate and name esiskaries

StadicThe diode ollers a stahte reatttance wter conmect

ln und and Vevete blat wl
DCSupby
Dynamicr Reatstance usth otfesed h on AC uPpy
i.
 2e) Ertlain about cut-in volkage Ceanle potertil) 9

Horwad veltage at which he cusent hrayh p-n

lasts, increauhg ropidly it alld cut in vodoge (Ere le

4woutd ced to connect

a
velay to Teckaage te bMe.
St-69v Ge-o-2V Dode conducts heqvly.In 4
. peiod,dade, entibik non.nea characeslshics

2Lle he tnuth -able et ce fip-lop

SR flp-lopitndh-tale

Clock S| na State

1 tol
o 0 Ret i
Se
Invald i
22) th BJT traneistor a. 'cuutent contndled devite la

voltage tontu olled devee

curent cotrdIA svice, Otd ehasaeteutkca
1 1BJT base urrent4
oL dependenton
vepresertationa o NPNA PNp
) Draw the 9ymbobc
tsoreistors! Com pate E '
B
',
Np

PN P Yepretos polasiky o unite amunald N ball teund

mokealkpes
NYNN-nepstively choaged eonting o
chasged bye
 And Fulun
talf tuove
ue
Srite he Atlenroeetren
ectie
er 1
elretto ei
Fll nue Yèckhie
0Halt wave ectiie
lhaeGtacney
Dto.efticknog Centve-Happny .o 2'uns
Ohol centre -lcepPed
ottranfomo.
t e s elechonic component Mare
oubl no.gk dode
Pocceu D tatuuatbon ot does not
COre

oat t e dteience betueen Dkatch and DA

D-lakchb D-PRerf op
0level ragudaraOEdat tnat dente
pouwu conunhion re compate to Dlal|
empoAay buku ued o Teattes
what t *he mariam etkernynl ota alt' yawehhu
A

t v L Yechhee.

(o d l wove -el,2-
oat aue he appkations o Mdtiplerent MU?
OConmunroat'on syetemmbRG ekkce
Compute tnèmigiy f . vi
 sabeblte tranumntibr)
Conpule, yslei o
Tetephore netwosk.
io,a.
Oxte an expreion for batuow dlleseree
ful cusachoa ctrcuit

BoutB'Bin+
A'BeBin Ae int Ae&in
Binte+e) AB
AnAReinLals8:a4Al£e Ake
BinCAB+ a'd')4'ale(ein +Bin')
Bin (ADs)+ A'E
Bir CAGA) A'B
DYference
CoAe'eint Ae Bio+Ae'e +R& Ein

BnA@6) +Bin( 4E)

Btn ADB)
ADe) Bio

24) Explaun he reautt ok ampltes btaced ated o

Satuokion reat
emtbea fo base A baue to colleh
m ut-sll regton ,both
kno uuhent Hows throun
is to teveue biu
gton
epen iteh
tranattor. It'ack as an

of tranuistor?
he theamal reildane
a
whatt
t a heumodnante propaty (cderee clwak)."
nTO3 Case has tntena
Fopula 2N 3DSS pauwe trarsrsh
heema reststane trpmunchon to caje ot 52°c[
 a a

TheContaet blw devee kase htat eh may

nes
Metmal teatetance b/w O.5
and L9 C/w
cay
hn fll
addade,
expretion -or sumA
ve 4he lonte
Sum it (AB) Cin
du
Cou is (AB) 4A A-B+ (A®

3a what ts an encoset?
ak,
a combinetibnal lngle 'tuuthod conveets an
into a caled dtel,srel.
npu ctand
Cuney.
Dieaenthte surckonous hayickronou
33)
1 4 Ayhohrbvay
Synchroneu
t4 A eimyh dacb on pple
Uoe univeutalclock
commen to all p-Paps
ovsfup-ep thgireh,aubi
dut the etreu tabn,roo prcviotus Hap opa
hrough a clock
se o opesaho)
faskee in opeaadhiom
doesnt praduce any deosty Produoes dezorg terro
tott
errors

asalled courele
sseral counkee i
les propagationdelan

34$Desiana 3-bt ull

aeldea..
 B

MAY
B
D D ,R+HC
Cauny
Aird

AB suro

3s.Deign a astoctor

A
Dleune
B
c Borou

D ot Cs
inpu olp chaaetesrehes Conhwetoo.
2c) wrte

Inpat- ha a
vey hih ioput inmpedanedár volbage-a

portibly the mot wide uedacthe dewte

>cevice; thoy ase

at constant K thareaset Iniha0

Oudpul- Draun cued
wh dradh- soyue vollag Vp
ond alta tt beiome,

6what -oruwed ba b d thon«y

ovund btagik tebene, atrng reuhed porhg|
voltage a the wwrnt lmting resjstor
 Tevese ias of a tansdeh
) DBne
the stde hedtode
ob the dtode kh corneel
con.

Reveue bia ts whern

p-
and the notd cor
battey
o negativ Voltaae, ot Ae
a t t pos tve volkagi e bate
revee etasd,ttanatst r olt (Jut e dtbl
dousaed bia
tranarshut conductt,ulèn Ht

tonte 4he tnath tables of all logie 9ale

AND> - T

OR

ARB

vor Aole
A

NND

CA
 Nbp B A

X-DP

AOB
AB4BA o

bx-NOR

AB
AB+AE'

4D uohat aRe Univtal qatey and why?

qate whith Can implement any
A unlvesal qate is
a

other gate
Aunchbn w#hout
need of utng any
Booltan aIe Callkd Untvensa gates.
And NOR qatei
NDND
called co becauue hey petorm all logc
Thy aue
En-NOL
AND,NOT, Ex-OR and
unchibnt OR,