Oper Ston Ond (ontt dual H-brcdge- baced

Tsolo Con verter

C.M H Bar Cang

1 E 1 Ls
V CLT Vnv Ca

1ohn1, Tsolated oll- brdge bidhectional (onver

ter-r HEY
t

t
-beauge
Ye t
NaynV t

t
to N trtb)=0
ontta tts b)
D-DE ub
t

(a)
 the
IS n
ollawtngnalus's The turp ratco /the
ans:
Na tmary Voltage
s Swtchng reuonc
Ts
orshala Swiching pertad
D ton dut Cyele or hase
Ts shitt r

DTs=BDhase Shiad between

TLs urrent tuobridge
4he
leakage Trducigne tbe
tndrh Setondasy
Healy
Heavy oad Conclrtton.
Under heavy load Condr/orn, the tnd ctot Current ludetha toreoe
drom an JTnitial negettve Value T(Ho) <0 atthe beginnrog
the Switchin9 Cycle,and reaches a posttive Value-t%)-t
at the end a the kalr Cycle, Jhthis anals a>oa
J
Seqment 0: Lto, ta ] Fa o
n 1 Ts postt}Ve s and@ ON
ON

Due Ho-Ve Current, ,

De Ond D# free heel and
aurrent inreast
6 and do not ondud. The tnductor
tnear Trom a negetive Value, Att1, the trductor Curret
feachesO

Vs Vt
Seqmentite
, O6, 9 0re onducd OA bud now urend osHlve
and a6 argd Ar nous (or duting.The total
CurretTnremen
durtng tnlervaltote
s Va +2-) F(5, 4.7
drs
L dts nV+V2
dt

LATLs=nV+
DTs V
0 hommol so s bo 0.M0omu 02
A TS nV +V) DTs

rmo n774)-Tto) =

mVA+V) DTs
sdLI991 L
TC)= To)4+nVa +N2DT
L
=
Imax
boo
Seament9 ta,t3 me wilnes hol f
A Qu ONbut G and are OFF
s Ond g are ON
Dtod es Ds and Dg Freewheel becau se the Curren
tSposHive.Vs= n- VaLoHeviusty Va>D)
(Va) r
 VLS DN- V
ATLs D)Ts Cny
Ls
T(4)7C4)+ (1-D)T (nVA-)
Ls
Unttl Now We have analyse s

Stmilarly
Segmert 3: t3,tu]
Naw 2 AQ turned ON, as and As ore turned oNalready
Continue o be turd OnN

he proary VoHaqe othe trans Hormer, henle tpe

olHage s Serv reversed he Curren decrease rom
zC3 To Zero, DsA De Jree heel

Seement C+yls]
Current-Oecrease
The
a , d3 and s , Qe are turn ON.

FnearHo the negotve. maximum, cond SuHC Gsand s

increaeinLs 3 seomer
Onduc and Curtent

Vis-(u#)
oh9
ATDTn)
Ls-
Ag)7-DT (ny, +V2)
Ls
 Seqment Sts,t) sand agoF and D3 Dr ban
6 reehee

AL
(1-D)Ty-nVa)
romthe Symmetry o the inductor urrert
T to) = - t (ls)
a+
trom equatton and
T(a)-TClo)DTs
Ls
(nY +)+ (-D)T (nV1-)
Ls
T(1)-TCto) = DTs nV
+DTSVa t nNl NaTs
Ls Ls Ls
-nV DT +
DVTs
Ls
ha) nd to)-aTs Cop-1) t nvT
tao6d botole-norto1 0) mbbnuLs
T0o) -20)-nV T
QLs Xs

T4) (-20)ya-O= Lmto

9 b
 T() Tmay = .

V,D (oy+1)
L-D a t D (DMs+%)
hubo 4sLs
(9D+2b) Va + nVi- +2b
L notopo mo
T) Tma -(-20)ov +
4s Ls
-()
Iheabove analySts done om 7(to) Z0 or
Arorm
-2D)Y DN 1

D)Ya ON r4)=0the baundoy(ond.

LSEmlor to boundary (ordttion ta ron-isolated boos
Converter

Va=OV
(-3D)
Ineq 9 the Induclarurrent Start rorm Zero
at Sfarth Cyele and drop to Zero at the end qthe
Ccle, ot Ts
 From

Lhen D 05 b rom ) 1e
7Go) (-2D)N -nVi]
sLs
n'sm
am TCto) - nV

theretore
D 0S H3sLs
o ) 0or b 05 So brundary CondrHoN
ony be achieved when D#05

Light load Condtion.

trom eq
Jap
THo) _L(I-3n) Va-nViJ 0
Wacas-) + SLS
/1-9DN nVL lshe
Tdhs Cose
ndhis (ose Curtent athe start Cycle Sfart Jron
tVe Gnd end at end ,
-Ve athe Gycle.
Output Voltage.
lo dertve 0uwpud Vo ltage equatioO s Toportont 7o fin
OverageToduclet Curren4 OVer hal Stchip yole.
yole
Area Tt)= Imax (orhsed
tranale T()roin
roin fol

Tmin Tto)bk-D)H No be ons/der

Ts
Corec CortetHonn

T L (Tmafmn) DTs +H(Iay Tmin) (1-D)Ts

Ts M Areaeq trapazrtd Trsto aduoll

Ds+(-D)TS x VItn o)y Imos+ T)

TsTmax D+IrmrD+ TmaTrot TraxD+

LTmax + Jotn 2D -9]

L-1-2)a +Ya+-2p)Y%-
43sLs
(ab- 1)
ol

1943
-ny+2pnY +2Y2-p %tDV, tDy-20ny
oi3 sLsot
ob9 b 9V
D(oi-b)
4f'sLs

sLs
D-D)y
atdotd1
 nV FD) Kemember
Ts
2sLs
-11
T load
Resistance ed
Yo
=V A=P neglecng
bl RL losses

RL OV D(1-D)
JsLs
Va n RL D(I-D)
ots 9

eil-st
uly
vts sLs
slS onl
ben
gb/n 5 nD1-D) 9d 19bau 2noi6p 9
9sLs
195n0 otbo0)P0baud
rom eq
ie =nRDO-)
jor
'
28sLs
V e n input Voltage, Duty Rato, fregin and

eokae rndutan (e

max

toraiven dudy ratio, oupu Vottaq e is drec propor

P r o P o r t t o n a l

load (ondrrar
to Ahe loadres istante So under heayy
D) nVi R.D(1-D) AY
RL 2s Ls yThis is 9iven luon qtpaper
D1-D12D) 1I osider hedyy lsad than
This Shauld be Contl der
unde or V>nV
heavy loud Conditlon mea1sen
RLZ sLsor a
DC1-D) Va ny
JNote WhenYa drops to less thar nVA, the toiia
Valle
Jnaucto Curtent is Conined to anegettVe
and Current avetorm are also cliperent Toom ha_
under the (ondttBo o nV LIe are (onlidero
OPeraions

The boundor Corn dtlon underDCM

S
S2
to a t
t
o ) Common mo deVanVabBoundar
Cond2

C.nVi =Na
tre me modle
Tn bounday og
b S a Sa Sy ori
(ONL +)DT holzpib
-V1-D)Ts Tnductor 6H bolante.
SO Cd-)d

O D7s+ Va DTs
(DV-Ya DnV DY)Ts
nV 2D-1) =
-V2
Ya nVA (1-2D)

dor Fe 3C
nya Na
u t ut purtPower. Abon E
Pe viou sly
Jef
V nv RLD(-D)*
RL a sls

-/nVi 1 (15 RL
3sts
Yone:t
0hooo)o bonulolo
4,3s, 13,R Conskan
ICleseloop to'maiolain Vo nd i RL is decredte
ro rerre
oeednamc DerHorma nce, ouwput paw er wrll
See 19 PoV
R
 lo mainlain Va l e Dshrwdo
Consldeb
adjusted 1e.

VoD RDC1-D)
sLs
L 0vD D)
sLs
D1-D)= K xI (1
K's (onstant
DC1-D) Tmportant RelaHom for
R
extream Operodtlon Range.
Res istarsce Lwhen Va, s, Ls, V
ixed. nelose loop.

tor ix ondV the oupu power s mamum

Jhen
eyoivs
RL Rc 2sLs aD/

8AsLs
uther iRRe 83sts adpd VHage alapse
and ender Open loop nYA
D= 1/2. and V Casnot be
maimaned ds Q Conslart. Otwpad oHage h and
Ouwrut power PoLH11 be decrease and both peportfova
to KL ao go5prao
Important Oroion
T(to)= - D sol sb bo
dsLs
nVi
a3sLs -1 RL
hen DE (0,
, i4 Vi and V is Kept Consiort
(Close leop Control) with thtreos e DPoawer todreose
Gnd tnHa Current decrease. Hente absolute Value 74o)
represent the load Condrtion. The legs tnduclor
7 to) the Current
hiaher is the Otdpud pauver Va 3ix,R clse
P1,T4o) lop
Under 0en loop or a given DHixed) Y2 / and Po wrll Torease.
i lod Resistante teease. Stnte. V tntreate
7 Ho)
WiLalso TnCrease, So in openloop and. Closeloop (ond Tdo)
ond Po behaves
diqgerety VD-X, R
Van,Po1, T61o)T
3. VoHage Rppe
E-
TLS

To

1
e Te

Da
to

-Ts
o t4 t
 The Copacetor Currend ts CmbrnatiooGducdor (urren
and The load (urtent af ercr orera mode. nd92
the CapaCHtor (urrernt (an be
itena Canbe felede to
noture Va

Te IT),0444DT 19

Cc -TooDIs 42 T
The ulo2p9)no
Copactor Current 7's Shown to
6lhubos
Jd9
where 225 9o.otono bonl 9d h99r197

tta tAs, Ts Jo or
Iet4a)= 0 mm F
TTma 0YAVa4d 8 Tma
A
TmaxoLS
V-nYA 19m b
- nViI =VTo
P=DVT =V%To = a1 DC1-D)
23sLs
To nV DC-D)
23sLs 20

The Voltaqe pple 7s z dutpt Crrent.

te Imay I

edvaImax-To=
dt
AQ DTS
kA
AT
 AT t 4
AV 21

AIso VolHage Rtpple This is added i PAoM

RiPPle Constdered.
DTStA,
AY= Ls 4)J) dt
DTs a

A2rnay-To-C21)
C

Notw Put+ Value ot A

Aya (max-To)x (Tmax- To xLs

N-nVa
rnd Value Imox To -

1st
Tnox-I C2DT1)DVI +y2-DI D(1-D)
Hasts 23sLs
-
- 2DnVI OV+Y, 2Dny tDnNa
HasLs

Hsls
AV =
naa) #V,11 Ls

Iss2c.xha
Va (ab1)n )C -d-
 No put Va DV A
inAV
3sLs
R DCID) Jo
V DV D2-) ov 72
|3sLs
3a Ls C(oY RLDt-D) nV
LsLs

=
D(1-D) RL+21sts(2p2-) d

4
32sc T RLDI-D)-23stsn
3sls
A =
D1-D) Ru21-9)Ists7
6S LSD0-D)RL - 23stsC
AV%A

AY/ANp = DID)RL 2C1b)HsLs2nVa

AVDD-)RL(1-26HsLnys sLs
3241 DG-DRL-2JsL-D) RLJc t22)
 C DyRl-2(1-0) sL]
9a D (1-D)PR-23sD(1-D)R

mortart Hovmula n lapaceor Selectton.

The em, 2 is dertved or
V>nVa
nVA DC1-D)RL nV
or7 19ldsLs
hesb sdtot oooH Fugio r
D-D)RL9sls
0oto wb oma
rom AV ny
C
Some ObserVation
ho1The absolule Ay on.
Voltage pple decrease when
ed under a RLdereace
given D, ard the rpple reaches
D= 0:5, maximum at
bodbpob Dub penbla b
ol .The
Reladive tpple AV san tnoreastng tunctlon(o d
92piund onl feaches the maximumwhen y1. AlHhe Curve
Cross d tD:0:5 1
odhooh
xohnoble
e
he DEo S,high Res stanre ul result in g hlahPe
under a ixed D. Hhen Do5 dhe
absolue rpple
Oecreose uth tor a given load resislonte, but the relodive
Ople nreas e wth P
.JCreas tng s ltmit both he abso lde
is benetreral to
pple ondrlhe relatwe rpple o the dupu Yag.
 SpecralL Ssue tn tHh DC Conver hen
lo avotd Shool 1hrough t h t urng the Caromudan
when CuTent tvto -Ve andGe VerhT, a dead
Dond is tnserted between the totertocked suitchedin
the Samne brdge
ead Band is ver Crucral to Quegrontee the rel iabrty eh
b9v90
se operaio Bus it Cau eadoveHorm dSTorfio
Cause EMI

Ihe utput Voltage in the deed band is delernmthed by

the Current direltHon, when 7(4o)0(Tstdethe,
bridge) Hs qbou urent diretfon not the mode
n l CuTent Starting. The primary aouhput Voltqe
1S near the Same otha Inthe no-dead band deal oper
D9 9po
LJhen TGo)> 0 a phase,sht dh s erased romhe
jnD 009

Cdpu Yoltage due do the dead band. JHente o

TAo)O ndrder tomaintain theSameacdt power as In
the tee deal opercdBon, a (ompenkatiors o OB inphareshi
is requred db
ldeadband * 27s
hal GyCla
do

Hil pl
pllbituo 9lm2yitnlolbo
 SOA desany(Saqe peraton Area)
The desran JseoLs atrade oFF
s L lorge rcgaH Power decreose
( 1SmolL resul tn hlah Custent.
Ls ixed, urent AmplHud dereose wth inreo je a s
-
leF ower ix
Imax A

JP LsH)

The fms Curtet inthe primary Stde he tronsHormer

Coul d be Cal cuwaied accordtng to.
as
Fea 2. and expeied

Irms Xpm
TGHo)Tmax(oD-1) + ({T(to) +TmaC1-D)
V
(Imar-tH))D
23

e a e RerTfer paperto Selecde device bated on

 T-
Note short Cut Jorthb
One Can derve TCto) direetl
DT 1-D)T 0
nV rioo iet oto TN (1-D) +(-%-
HL
92D192D
I I = -nV
YaD-DY
HsL H3sL
VoDtM
HgsL
TLS
ub
V-2DtA) -DVL
4L
Ts To(t= CC1-D)Y,-nu
fobbboDE

or thS 20
Tmax a-n (l-D)- (-Va-na)D
V-DY-DV,+ ODV1 +DN2 tnDVL
HsL
D-1) ny1 + Va
usL