Ngữ Âm 2

Câu 1: The beginning sounds of the syllable are called the.............

r
A. rhyme r B. coda ^
c. onset
r
D. nucleu s

Câu 2: Which of the following pairs of words have different diphthongs?

'* A. dough - plough r
r
B. mare - prayer c.
aisle - dyke r D. ace -
gaol

Câu 3: The substitutability of one sound for another in a given environment, with
no change in the word’s meaning is called ...
r
A. distribution B. 9

free variation
r
c. a near minimal
pair
r
D. a minimal pair

Câu 4: Which of the following pairs of words have the same diphthong? r
A. mayor - taylor r B. height - take
^ c. bourse - mature

r
D. pure - future

Câu 5: The core or essential part of a syllable is called the..............

r
A. coda
s
B. nucleu s
r
c. rhyme r D. onset
Câu 6: Which of the following consonant clusters is impossible in English?
r
A. [skj]
r
9
B. [spw] c. [spl]
r
D. [skw ]
Câu 7: Which of the following statements is TRUE?
9
A. In English and most other languages, most syllable nuclei are vowels.
r
B. Most speakers of English find it difficult to divide a word up into its
component syllables.
r
c. A syllable is a unit of sound composed of only a central peak of sonority. r D.
The smallest possible syllable contains a nucleus and a coda.

Câu 8: Pairs of words which differ in one sound only and have different meanings
are called ...
r
A. near minimal pairs
r
B. close pairs c. minimal pairs r D. different pairs
9

Câu 9: Which of the following are described as [+ vocalic]?

r
A. Obstruent s
9
r
B. Glides c. Vowels r D. Liquids

Câu 10:...........represent the placement of the body of the tongue.

^ A. Dorsal features
r
B. Laryngeal features
r
c. Place features r D.
Manner features

Câu 11: The word 'tomato' consists of......

r
A. two syllables r
B. one syllable
^ c.three
syllables
r
D. four syllables

Câu 12: Which of the following word lists has different vowels?
'* A. sought, tough, cough,
could
r r
B. carpet, bath, hearth, aunt
c. suit, shoe, rule, route r D.
push, wolf, should, pull

Câu 13: A phonetic transcription is also called a....

r
A. phonemic
transcription
9
r
B. broad transcription c.
narrow transcription r D.
detail transcription

Câu 14: Which of the following is the description of the sound /i:/?
r
A. A more retracted front, short, lax, unrounded vowel r
B. A front, short, lax, unrounded vowel c. A front,
9

close (high), long, tense, unrounded vowel

r
D. A lowest, front, short, lax, unrounded vowel

Câu 15: Which of the following consonant clusters is is example of "Coronal +

sonorant"?
r
A. [spw
]
r
B. [spl]
9
c. [str] r D. [ski]
Câu 16: The most important feature of a diphthong is that it ...
9
A. contains a glide from one vowel quality to another one.
r
r
B. ends in /w/ and /u/. c. is a combination of more than two vowels. r D. begins
with /e/, /a/ or /o/.

Câu 17: Complementary distribution is an indication that the sounds in question

are ...

r
r
A. minimal pairs r B. phones c. phonemes
9
D. allophones of the same phoneme

Câu 18: A physical language sound, measurable by acoustic instruments is

called ...
r
A. a phoneme
r
B. a minimal pair
9
c. a phone r D. an allophone
Câu 19: Which of the following word lists has the same vowel?
r
A. should, through, rule, route
r
B. could, routine, source, journal
^ c. quay, each, people, key r D. many, fat, act, sad

Câu 20: Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

r
A. Syllables don't serve any meaning-signalling function in language.
r
B. Most speakers of English have no trouble dividing a word up into its
component syllables.
^ c. A word contains at least two syllables.
r
D. Syllables exist only to make speech easier for the brain to process.

Câu 21: A phoneme is put between ....

r
A. square boxes
r
B. square brackets
^ c. slash brackets r D. round boxes
Câu 22: Contrastive distribution is an indication that the two sounds in question
are ...

'* A. different phonemes

r
B. allophones of the same phoneme
r
c. different phones r D. similar phonemes
Câu 23: Which of the following is the description of the sound /Z/?
r
A. A central, mid, long, tense central vowel
r
9
B. A short, lax, open and slightly rounded c. A front, short, lax, unrounded
vowel r D. A long, tense, rounded vowel
Câu 24: Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
r
A. Phonemes vary from language to language.
r
9
B. Allophones are unpredictable. c. You never hear same phone twice.
r
D. Phonemes are abstract sounds stored in our memory.

Câu 25: Which of the following words is English or possible in English?

r
A. pirn k
r
B. pimd
^ c. pirn
b
r
D. pimt

Câu 26: In the following words which underlined letter is pronounced /i:/?

r
A. tick
'* B. machin e
r
c. minute r D. win
Câu 27: In making these vowels: /w/, /i:/, , /u:/ space between the tongue and the
roof of the mouth is......
^ A. relatively narrow
r
r
B. very narrow c. relatively wide r D. very wide

Câu 28: The following statement describes which aspect of vowel classification?
"Vowels are classified in terms of how much space there is between the tongue
and the roof of the mouth".
r
A. lip rounding
r
B. tongue backness
r
c. vowel length '* D. tongue height
Câu 29: Which of the following is NOT a minimal pair?
r
^ A. rat - sad r B. cat - sat c. sad - sat
r
D. rat - mat

Câu 30: The syllable structure of the word "strength" is..........

A. cccvcc r B.
r
ccvcc c. cvcc r
D. cccvc

Câu 31:
The sounds /w/ and /«/ are examples of ... r A. back vowels
'* B. unrounded vowels
r
c. long vowels r D. rounded vowels
Câu 32: Which of the following statements is NOT correct? r
A. The rhyme may consist of only the nucleus. r B. The
r
rhyme never precedes the onset. c. The rhyme may consist
of a nucleus and a coda.
'* D. The rhyme may consist of an onset and a nucleus.

Câu 33: Allophones are ...

9
A. in complementary distribution
r
B. language sounds as they are perceived by a speaker
r
c. physical language sounds r D. similar to phonemes
Câu 34: The sounds /i:/ and /u:/ are examples of ... . r A. back
r
vowels r B. lax vowels c. short vowels
^ D. tense vowels

Câu 35: Phonemes are ...

9
A. organizable r B. predictable
r
c. concrete phonetic segments
r
D. non-contrastive
ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
PART 1: PHONETICS

1. The organs of articulation are located in:

A. Along the vocal tract
B. The chest
C. The throat
D. The head
2. The vocal sounds are produced in the:
A. Trachea
B. Larynx
C. Lungs
D. Pharynx
3. The produced vocal sounds are resonated and modified in the:
A. Nose
B. Pharynx
C. Mouth
D. Resonators
4. The vocal tract is the air passage beginning with the lungs and ending in:
A. The mouth and the nose
B. The front
C. The head
D. Pharynx
5. Vocal folds are two elastic bands of tissue located in the:
A. Larynx
B. Pharynx
C. Trachea
D. Mouth
6. The velum is the front part of the roof of the mouth which is formed by a bony
structurE.
A. False
B. True
7. Vibration happens when.
A. Vocal folds are under tension & partially opened
B. The glottis is narrow
C. The vocal bands are wide apart
D. Vocal bands are tightly closed
8. Soft palate which can be touched by the tongue, at the back of the mouth is called:
A. Alveolar
B. Velum
C. Uvula
D. Palate
9............is (are) considered the most important speech instrument inside the larynx.
A. Adam’s apple
B. Glottis
C. Trachea
D. Vocal cords
10. When the glottis is wide apart, we can
 A. Breathe normally and produce some consonants
B. Porduce vowels
C. Produce all consonants
D. Produce vowels & diphthongs
11. For the voiceless sounds to be produced, the glottis is
A. Narrow
B. Mi-open
C. Wide apart
D. Tightly closed
12. The most movable speech instrument along the vocal tract is:
A. Tongue
B. Lips
C. Teeth
D. Vocal folds
13. A sound produced while the vocal folds are not vibrating is called:
A. Voiced
B. Consonants
C. Voiceless
D. Vowels
14. English vowels and consonants are different from each other in:
A. Manner of articulation & distribution
B. Voicing
C. Place of articulation
15. Which of the follwing words contains a short vowel?
A. Touch
B. Smooth
C. Mere
D. Bear
16.................................. The English end in /1/
A. Closing diphthongs
B. Centering diphthongs
C. Triphthongs
17. Diphthongs
A. are the combinations of two single vowels
B. consist a glide from one vowel to another
C. are two single vowels appearing within a syllable.
18. Which of the followings is not a criterion to classify English simple vowels?
A. Tongue of height
B. Tongue part
C. Voicing
 D. Length of sound
19. Vowels followed by nasal consonants are:
A. Lengthened
B. Devoiced
C. Shortened
D. Nasalized
20. /i:/ & /u:/ are different in:
A. Tongue position
B. Length
C. Muscle tension
D. Lip shape
21. Which of the following diphthongs is pronounced differently from the others?
A. Really
B. Hear
C. Fear
D. Bear
22. Which of the vowels in the following words is pronounced differently from the
others?
A. Pour
B. Touch
C. Double
D. Country
23.................... /i:/ in is shorter than the others.
A. Mean
B. Meat
C. Bead
D. Bee
24. The sound beginning with a mid central vowel, then gliding towards a high back
vowel is
A. 13
B. ai
C. 3U
D. au
25. Diphthongs
A. consist of a movement or glide from one vowel to another, the former of
which is much longer and stronger than the other.
B. are the combinations of two single vowels.
C. are two simple vowels appearing within a syllable.
26. Which of the following is not included in the criteria to classify English vowels?
A. Place of articulation
 B. Tongue height
C. Lip shape
D. Muscle tension
27........................ A vowel is when preceding a final fortis/voiceless sound
A. Devoiced
B. Nasalized
C. Shortened
D. None of the above
28.................................... The vowel in is pronounced differently form the others.
A. Fool
B. Food
C. Pool
D. Foot
29. Which of the following words does not contain a central vowel?
A. Hat
B. Worm
C. But
D. Ago
30. Which of the statement is true?
A. Vowels and consonants differ from each other in relation to how much they
obstruct the air flow and what position they can occupy.
B. Vowels and consonants differ from each other in their distribution.
C. Vowels and consonants differ from each other in the way the air flow is
obstructed when producing the sound.
31 ./o:/ in...............is the longest.
A. Thought
B. Store
C. Fork
D. Port
32...................Both are front vowels
A. /i:/ & /e/
B. /i:/ & /u:/
C. /a:/ & /3:/
D. /a:/ & /u:/
33. Which of the following is true?
A. All vowels are the centers of syllables
B. Consonants are produced without obstruction of the air stream.
C. All consonants are voiced.
D. Vowels are produced with a complete closure in the vocal tract.
34. Which of the following words begins with a voiceless, post-alveolar, fricative
sound?
A. Enough
B. Soldier
C. Shoes
D. Phenomenon
35. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Plosives are produced with the total or partial obstruction of the air stream.
B. Nasals are continuant vowels.
C. Hissing sound is a characteristic of fricatives.
D. The fortis fricatives and plosives in final position often shorten the vowel
preceding them.
36. The consonant /n/ & /z/ are different from each other in their
A. Length
B. Place of articulation
C. Voicing
D. Manner of articulation
37. The main difference between /d/ & /z/ is
A. Manner of articulation
B. Place of articulation
C. Voicing
D. Length
38.Sounds produced with a momentarily total obstruction to the airflow are
A. Plosives
B. Fricatives
C. Nasals
D. Approximants
39.Which of the following is the final sound in “debt”
A. /e/
B. /b/
C. /bt/
D. /t/
40...............are pronounced with the contact made between lower lip & upper teeth
A. Labio-dentals
B. Alveolars
C. Bilabials
D. Dentals
41....................consonants have the effect of shortening a preceding vowel or
diphthong
A. Lenis
B. Fortis
 C. Voiced
D. Fortis/voiceless
42. Voiceless stops are aspirated when occuring after the initial /s/.
A. True
B. False
43. Lips can be pressed together, brought into contact with the teeth or rounded to
produce
the lip-shape for....
A. Vowels and some consonants
B. Consonants
C. Bilabial plosives
D. Vowels
44.In manner of articulation, the important factor to help distinguish consonants &
vowels is

A. Voicing
B. Obstruction to airflow
C. Lip shape
D. Tongue height
45. The most important difference between initial voiceless and voiced plosives is the
A. Aspiration
B. Voicing
C. Plosion
D. Length
46. The initial sound of “cold” is a(n)...
A. Alveolar
B. Palatal
C. Dental
D. Velar
47. Consonants are classified according to their place of articulation, manner of
articulation and:
A. Vibrations of vocal bands
B. Position of occurence
C. Position of tongue
D. Lip shape
48. For the voiceless sounds to be produced, the vocal cords are
A. Mi-closed
B. Wide apart
C. Partially open
D. Completely closed
49. When plosives are made, the escape of the compressed air will produce a small
A. Hissing noise
B. Friction
C. Plosion
50........................................................... Lenis consonants are produced with force
than the fortis ones.
A. Less
B.More
C.Same
D.Most
51. Fortis consonants at final position have the effects of a preceding vowel.
A. Shortening
B.Lengthening
C.Devoicing
D.Nasalizing
52. The final sound in “ache” is a(n).
A. Voiceless velar plosive
B.Voiced palato-alveolar plosive
C.Voiced velar plosive
D.Voiceless palato-alveolar plosive
53. The sounds articulated with a strong hissing noise are called
A. Plosives
B. Groove fricatives
C. Slit fricatives
D. Sibilants
54. Phonetically, the fricative /h/ is similar to
A. Vowel
B. Consonant
C. Diphthong
D. Triphthong
55. The initial sound in “chef’ is a(n).
A. Approximant
B. Affricate
C. Fricative
D. Plosive
56. Homorganic sounds have the same..
A. Organ of articulation
B. Manner
C. Voicing
D. Sound
57.In speech, the.......is raised so that the air cannot escape through the nose.
A. Palate
B. Uvula
C. Velum
D. Tongue
58. The final sound of “laugh” is a(n)...
A. Labio-dental
B. Dental
C. Glottal
D. Velar
59. When fricatives are made, the escape of the air through a small passage produces
a(n)
.......
A. Plosion
B. Loud hissing noise
C. Soft hissing noise
D. Friction noise
60. To be an affricate, the two component sounds must
A. Be hamorganic
B. Have the same voice
C. Have the same manner
61. The fricatives articulated with a strong hissing noise are also called
A. Groove fricatives
B. Sibilants
C. Slit fricatives
D. Plosives
62. Phonologically, the fricative /h/ is similar to
A. Consonant
B. Vowel
C. Diphthong
D. Triphthong
63 .........is not a type of consonant classified according to the place of articulation
A. Plosive
B. Palatal
C. Velar
D. Dental
64 ..............are pronounced with the air flow escaping through a narrow passage
A. Fricatives
B. Approximants
C. Affricates
D. Plosives
65. By distribution, the fricative /h/ is similar to.........
A. Consonant
B. Vowel
C. Diphthong
D. Triphthong
66. The initial sound in “chief’ is a(n)......
A. Plosive
B. Approximant
C. Fricative
D. Affricate
67. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Hissing noise is one of the characteristics of fricatives.
B. Nasals are not continuant sounds.
C. Plosives are produced with the total or partial obstruction of the air stream.
D. The fortis fricatives and plosives at initial position often shorten the vowel
following them.
68. Phonemically, the fricative /h/ is similar to. .
A. Vowel
B. Consonant
C. Diphthong
D. Triphthong
69. The initial sound of “jam” is a(n)...
A. Affricate
B. Approximant
C. Fricative
D. Plosive
70. /g/ never occurs at
A. Initial position
B. Medial position
C. Final position
71. The sound /l/ when occuring after a vowel is called
A. Devoiced
B. Clear
C. Dark
D. Syllabic
72. To let the air escape through the nose, the velum must be
A. Lowered
B. Raised
C. Pushed forwards
D. Drawn back
73. The sound /l/ when following an initial fortis plosive is called
A. Devoiced
B. Dark
C. Clear
D. Syllabic
74. The sounds that never occur in final position are
A. /w, j, h/
B. /m, n, l, g/
C. /r, w, h, k/
D. /h, w, j, p/
75. The sound /l/ when preceding a vowel is called
A. Dark
B. clear
C. devoiced
D. syllabic
76. to prevent the air from escaping through the nose, the soft palate must be:
A. closed
B. lowered
C. raised
D. A & C
77.In British English, the approximant sound in “card” is. .
A. non-rhotic
B.rhotic
C.devoiced
D.shortened
78. The main difference between /b/ & /m/ is..
A. Manner of articulation
B. Voicing
C. Place of articulation
79. Which of the following is the final sound in “climb”
A. /b/
B. /m/
C. /mb/
80. A syllabic consonant stands as the center of a week syllable instead of a vowel
A. True
B. False
81.................................................. The underlined sound in is phonetically similar to a
vowel.
A. Hat
B. Honor
 C. Plow
D. Jam
82. Vowels occuring before final /m, n, g/ are.
A. Velarized
B. Labialized
C. Dentalized
D. Nasalized
83. The underlined sound in “lantern” is
A. Not syllabic
B. Syllabic
C. Nasalized
D. Devoiced
84.............. The consonant is made with the air escaping along the sides of the
tongue.
A. Approximant
B. Lateral
C. Semi-vowel
D. Semi-consonant
85.................................... The initial sound in is a voiced, bilabial, approximant.
A. Bin
B. Wet
C. Red
D. Man
86. Clear [l] only occurs before:
A. Vowels
B. Consonants
C. Diphthongs
D. A & C
87. The underlined sound in London is:
A. Not syllabic
B. Syllabic
C. Nasalized
D. Devoiced
88. The underlined sound in initial is:
A. Oral
B. Nasal
C. Nasalized
D. Devoiced
PART 2: PHONOLOGY
1. Phonetic transcription is the symbol for
A. A precise pronunciation of a sound
B. A phoneme
C. A & B
2. Phonemic transcription is written between
A. Parentheses
B. Square brackets
C. Slanted lines
3. Broad transcription is written between
A. Slanted lines
B. Square brackets
C. Parentheses
4. Phonemic transcription is the symbol for
A. A precise pronunciation of a sound
B. A phoneme
C. A & B
5. An allophone of a phoneme is another pronunciation of that phoneme which
does not
cause a difference in...........
A. Meaning
B. Pronunciation
C. Spelling
D. Stress
6. [t] & [th] are called the.........of the phoneme /t/
A. Transcription
B. Allophones
C. Minimal pair
D. Homophones
7. How many phonemes are there in the word “would”
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
8. A minimal pair is
A. A pair of words of the same pronunciation
B. Two allophones of the same phoneme
C. A pair of words which differ from each other by only one phoneme at the
same position
D. A & C
9. Bean and dean are a minimal pair because
 A. They contain the same vowel sound.
B. They are both singular nouns.
C. They differ in only one sound segment that occurs in the same place in
the string.
10. Which of the followings does not form a minimal pair with night?
A. Height
B. Kite
C. Light
D. Knight
11................................. A consonant is a phoneme
A. Segmental
B. Super-segmental
C. Over-segmental
D. B & C
12.Stress, able to cause a change in meaning of a word, is a phoneme.
A. Segmental
B. Super-segmental
C. Over-segmental
D. B & C
13. Which of the following is an allophone?
A. t
B. /t/
C. [t]
D. {t}
14. Which of the following is a phoneme?
A. t
B. /t/
C. [t]
D. {t}
15. The phonetic transcription is written between:
A. [ ]
B. / /
C. { }
D. ( )
16. The broad transcription is written between:
A. [ ]
B. / /
C. { }
D. ( )
17.In a weak syllable, the vowel is usually pronounced as
 A. Schwa
B. Approximant
C. Syllabic
D. Semi-vowel
18. The shortest English syllable consists of
A. CV
B. C
C. V
D. VC
19. ONSET consonants in an English syllable are
A. Consonants preceding the PEAK
B. Consonants following the CENTER
C. Sound(s) in the center of a syllable
D. Vowels or diphthongs
20. The maximum number of consonants in ONSET of an English syllable is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
21.In an English syllable, the consonants following the NUCLEUS are called
A. CODA
B. ONSET
C. PEAK
D. NUCLEUS
22. The prominence of a stressed syllable is made up by the length, pitch, quality,
and
A. Loudness
B. Tension
C. Strength
D. Pronunciation
23. A syllable in English is identified by
A. Consonant
B. Vowel
C. Stress
D. Semi-vowel
24. The peak of an English syllable should always be a vowel, diphthong or a(n)
A. Syllabic consonant
B. Appoximant
C. Semi-vowel
D. Consonant
25. The longest syllable structure in English may be
A. CCCVCCC
B. CCCVCCCC
C. CCVCCCC
D. CCCCVCCC
26. The shortest English syllable consists of
A. One sound
B. One consonant
C. One vowel and a consonant
D. A & B
27............................................... When not emphasized, most words are
pronounced with a weal form
A. Functional
B. Lexical
C. Auxiliary
D. Preposition
28. Auxiliaries are in strong form in
A. Final position
B. Mediun position
C. Initial position
D. All positions
29. The maximum number of consonants in CODA of an English syllable is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
30. A simple word is a word consisting of
A. 1 syllable
B. 1 morpheme
C. A base and affix(es)
D. 2 words joined together
31. A complex word contains at least
A. 1 syllable
B. 1 affix
C. 1 suffix
D. 1 prefix
32. Which one is not a factor making up the prominence of a stressed syllable?
A. Strength
B. Pitch
C. Quality
 D. Loudness
33. The stress in on the penultimate syllable in words ending in
A. -iar
B. -oon
C. -een
D. -ette
34. The stress is placed on the last syllable in words ending with
A. -ic
B. -ness
C. -ese
D. -er
35................always occurs in English syllable
A. Vowel
B. Consonant
C. Onset
D. Coda
36. Which of the following is not true?
A. A minimum syllable would be a single vowel and a coda.
B. Some syllables may have no onset but have a coda.
C. Some syllables have an onset.
D. Some syllables have an onset and a coda.
37................................... The stress is on the syllable in the word
uncomfortable
A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Last
38.................................................. When not emphasized, most words are
pronounced with a weak form
A. Auxiliary
B. Lexical
C. Functional
D. Preposition
39. Auxiliary is in strong form in
A. Negative form
B. Medial position
C. Initial position
D. All positions
40. The underlined word in the sentence “You must study hard to pass the exam”
is in
 A. Strong form
B. Weak form
C. Normal form
D. B & C
41. The underlined word in the sentence “You must’t put ‘and’ at the end of a
sentence” is in
A. Strong form
B. Weak form
C. Normal form
D. B & C
42. The underlined word in the sentence “You must’t put ‘and’ at the end of a
sentence” is in
A. Strong form
B. Weak form
C. Normal form
D. B & C
43. The underlined word in the sentence “You haven’t eaten anything all day; you
must be hungry now” is in:
A. Strong form
B. Weak form
C. Normal form
D. B & C
44. Which of the following sentences is not true?
A. In a sentence, functional words are always weak.
B. In a sentence, usually lexical words are stressed.
C. When being in weak form, the vowe is usually pronounced as /a/.
45.In rapid and casual speech, “and you” can be pronounced as /an^u/ as a result of
assimilation of
A. Manner & place
B. Voice
C. Place
D. Manner
46.In natural connected speech, “today” can be pronounced as /t'dei/ as a result of
A. Linking
B. Assimilation
C. Elision
D. Dissimilation
47.In rapid and casual speech, “hit you” can be pronounced as /hifu/ as a result of
assimilation of
A. Manner, place & voice
 B. Elision
C. Assimilation
D. Dissimilation
48. The pronunciation /kAm an si:/ of “come and see” is the result of
A. Linking
B. Elision
C. Assimilation
D. Dissimilation
49. The assimilation in “dogs” is:
A. Progressive assimilation of voice
B. Progressive assimilation of place or articulation
C. Progressive assimilation of manner
D. Regressive assimilation of voice
50. The tone used to convey strong feeling is:
A. Rise-fall
B. Rise
C. Fall-rise
D. Fall