You are on page 1of 107



 
    
     !"#$ %   &'
$#& () !)&* !+ )& ,  )-

. /  / 0 1 2 0#3   /  4 5 !67*


(#@     9  / :); <=>?$)

           

: C#D : => 4;

%& '(" )*+ ", $-" !"# $  : 


5  ", 5$67 ", $-" 01234 :. /

&8 9
EFFI/EFFG
:

!5# JK# L !$

.<Y )N ;M JP R N MPR V <M )N OM .<M )N OM Q


P SR T %
M U$M !R P R$ WV#M +V R
.!R )N 3N VR$ !M T);M Q
P SR TN .[Z #M -V ]\ V %
M ^$M M WV#M +V R
.!P )N &P M !P N M N MPR V !M T);M
a`_ :<)&  
;

< "=>

?" @@ A" @ B>


EF GH& I@J DK L("( M + NO '(P DC D 
QRSC & -@  9"O  HT L*U  NV+@
& # @ W

9  D ?P J B>


R>@ ("O

"X # DF @Y B>


 Z % M + [.\( AP "7 @ EV
X@ !$&

= _ E+ LV@ `. a@J b Z= '( c A


] "=^ B>
6  <+@ !$&

d e#@ 9Rf 9"O M + Lg#    9"O M + 5$gh '(P B>


2

# 3* #D

iI $ (_ djJ@ iI $ d eV M + k7J@ iI# - M + l "F


  dpgJ@ dq M +@ i9UC S M + J@  gJ@ iIm @ IF  nHo @
." &J i'(" 9$( B> 5#r LH '&@ D @ iD&
"F tuJ dUpH d V ipH P=  "+> '& <LU ] + l '& "/@
vwx+ W+@ vwU (_ M + iMy z# { ( "F vP V i<o @
u 5- '(P B> 5V @ ("O @ \ 9"O J 5J |B l "X " |[V\(@
}@ iNH % <\ ="#J 6H( }@ $$ _# B> pH P= ~@S  eV
: L&@ . 6 8  > =@"h '(
v€& €U$& & ("& i$T$ * 9&> ~F $-" C #‚
.tU& &$F &Rf = >
€U$& €&   n "  - "+ i'L& $-" C #‚
.tU& &$F &Rf = > v&
n€ "  -      / ƒw i„g < "L7 $-" #‚
.tU& &$F &Rf = > v& U$& &  
o#H VJ AP I@C \ i%& '(" )*+ ", $-" #‚
pH !V ( " P& pH P=  "+> # & -  d $xS d@@  +@  +
.("O @ \ W+ [&@ < _8 S l '& d V id& <LU z#
€VJ "€/ AP †o \ i5  ", 5$67 ", $-" #‚
n  gr x, =@ >  kP= ?j  z# i ‡pc  o#H
.("O @ \ S [&@ i< _8 '#J l '& d@ .py $
3

€ €    /  D  !P C B> W @ \ vP-@


M€ + tU& &$F &Rf = > v& U$& &   n " n -
.< _8 S l = _@ ˆ.\ @  @ 9$  '& k$&"/ &
ƒw – V‰ ", C  eV B> ("O @ \  9"O J -
kP=     "& B> @ | 5 @$V &$F &Rf ($Uo "
.pH P= 9‹>  Œ"+& M + "
.  @  Z# '& † + & M + W @ \ D$H A" @ B>@
.&YC Ž"& { x, Lw+ 5-@
ˆy $  P= ~ S>  = '& -@ w/"gJ@ wR&Y@ wO7C@
("€O €W+@ €\ €S  u iˆ.\   $@ $$ S B>
.5& @

EV$ b@ l @

o#H


€(" 5@‘€\ ! Y@
tU’ &$F &Rf = > v& U$& &
€ €  €  /   n " € -

b@#/ # #3*
7J M + 9R @ !Rc @ D “ l "F i # 'X l 
.DJ dHpg@ dq M +@ D  @ <HUC
:Hx d e# AP   pH M + ”R%f "
!"# $  : Hx  "+>
S-2 /FeIfFFgG : cd? !+
. /  / 0 1 2 0#3   /  4 5 !67* : pH 5 $+
(#@     9  / :); <=>?$)
:D\/ ƒ ^ B> LK"O M + 5V\ EV @

†o \ I@C \

5  ", 5$67 ", . %& '(" )*+ ", .


:1010;::; :)‰$ /

+
     / ƒw

„g < "L7 $-"


:10;:•;::: :)‰$ /
•

€(" 5@‘€\ ! Y@
tU’ &$F &Rf = > v& U$& &
€ €  €  /   n " € -

+/ h 46?;
:pH 5 $+
. /  / 0 1 2 0#3   /  4 5 !67*
(5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " M + EHx)
           

S-2 /01234 :. / !"# $  :Hx  "+>


  %7 d$H/ O @ \/ 8 9&J pH P= '+ Hx NV  "/
.9 ;1 $U$( ;3 i<C 9$(  v@ i      
:!P C ! '& \/ 8 5$ @
……… :ˆ/$ \/&@ w ƒ$ ƒ-$ $-" |:
……… :ˆ/$ \/& "XJ l ( $# " $-" |;
……… :ˆ/$ \/&@ V\& %& '(" )*+ ", $-" |2
……… :ˆ/$ \/&@ V\& 5  ", 5$67 ", $-" |3

"(
i  n "  - "+

'L& $-" C


:1•:;:::1422: :)‰$ /
0

=> #+

:?š- ?U@ ikUJ /$ UJ


!"# $  : & 
S-2 /01234 : . /

0 1 2 0#3   /  4 5 !67* :  &


. /  /
(5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " M + EHx)

€  €      ›7 V$ Œe# œ  kP= 5j /J
tU€& &$F &Rf = > v& U$& &   n "  - 
:5 $+ N
. /  / 0 1 2 0#3   /  4 5 !67*
(5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " M + EHx)

"#J M+ >@ .Sš )j @J AT ” "> '& Œ@Y &@ * LH-@ Œe#
iv M + @‘ #J UjV o '& N RV žJ DH @ d*j '& žJ HO
v& U$& &   n "  - M + @J \ M + @‘ 5$ '@
.tU& &$F &Rf = >
.v M + "#J †¡Ÿ @ g œHT M + <  /f P= n#@ i P=

;1 $U$( ;; itU&

!"# $ 
01234 :. /
4

ij= k)l?

tL <$y  !< O !L   !"#@ c m[ EFFI m5  &$
:I@C \ .(5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " M + EHx) "
", 5$67 ", $-" :†o \ @ i%& '(" )*+ ", $-"
5 
" tL i!< O !L& i  !"#@ c : ] ,6)

tL   !"#$ Ž$& M + tL  o ;4  tL ) ¢
 $€ E€ ( €& L& id@C ¤  ;3  !<* £J M + wO
‡*( ivP .L c* B> ~@ &+ -P tL P=     $V . 
€   $  "+>   (F  @    !"#$ Ž$& M + tL
.  c !"+ B> ”$ Œ"/@ L  I $#j H @  c*
tL H   Z Ÿf £" $g '& pH P= E xU @
$& N Y& ($Uo £ "  &"6 Z 5C iD " I $#j@ "("8
.¥"O tL Z#
€ # P€&R !< O !L   !& c B> pH P= "L(@
B> vP- "L(@ .;4 9+   !"#$ Ž$& M + tL <$y  ($Uo
c  $ V Ž"& V& L& ' c  $ kP= P* 7> W
.!< O !L&  Œ<*- / 
.(R & D) ($x @ pH tL& M + *  S" pH P= P¦
~€ ($x @ ($x §x¦@ ("L  " '&  #  Z# Ž@
.SC ‡pc @ U " . @ ‡pc @ H '& ("O @
1

€($Uo €" '€& I@C )c P&R $= pH P= ˆ^ 5-@


"€# @ RcV o#H nS @ .I$cV   5$+Y$( '(P &$F &Rf
€+$¨ €O(% o#H nP¦ i($x ~ © @ .() I@C c* $=@
.A"H @  HO HS tL& M + !"# $
€gS i   $ª Œ# @ “Rx wcS '+ nUH ˆ8@
M + I$cp  e(J 5H 9"6 @ .5H o#H N&"6 i!< O !L
'+ nUH ˆ8 W#R N&"6 @ .c ! $ª H E  @  ("O
€© €H/ “Rx !<*- £O 9"6& HS @ ." kP=   
.($w " *g$ wc#f  p 9"6 inUH  p@.="@  $
pg  “Rx !<*- 5j + iHS '& “Rx twU <c#> '&@
A"€H €HS  LV Œ<*- &J@ m%gmng =  HO HS  !< O
 NpHgJ@ i% ImnG  HO HS  !< O /R%  Œ<*-@ .%gmGn
€ HO HS *V i‰$*  n&$  Ÿ>  &J@ .%gmGn A"H HS
€T n€&$  €Ÿ>  Œ<*-@ .%amIa A"H HS @ %nmae
D  &J@ .%ImGI A"H HS @ %fgm2  HO HS  ‰$* 
@ .%EmnGA"H HS  NpHgJ@ %_mn  HO HS *V i!*
.%gmnf A"€H HS @ %f  HO HS  Œ<*V i 6
A"€H €HS @ %_mI € HO HS  Œ<*V i”$y$ D@
@ %em_n € HO €HS  Œ<*V in * “ @ .%ama_
.%emnf A"H HS
M + tL <$y  o#H Lg œ  " !"#$ 5J ( i= '&
€ «$€c !< /  “Rx !L& /  V   !"#$ Ž$&
.!$-P L# $U ˆ  LLV@
:

p)q  ()$ ij= k)l?


Robbiatul Wahidah. 2009. Developing Teaching Material of Reading Skill Based
on Curriculum KTSP. Advisors: 1) Dr. M. Afifuddin Dimyati, 2) Dr. Mohamed
Shaikhoun Mohamed
Keywords: Developing Teaching Material, Reading Skill, Curriculum KTSP

Curriculum KTSP 2008 is different from that of KBK (Competency Based


Curriculum) 2004 in some cases. One of them is in term of its material, which is
only mentioned in general. Then, it requires further explanation to be a more
detailed teaching material. In other words, curriculum KTSP provides an
opportunity for teachers to compile a teaching material, which is suitable with the
points of curriculum and the students regarding to any available references.
The idea of the research came from the barrier that the teachers has been
facing to get a main student’s book whose content is suitable with this curriculum.
Meanwhile, most of the books used by the school are written based on curriculum
KBK 2004.
The research was aimed to know the effectiveness of the teaching material
in term of improving student’s competency of reading skill, especially their ability
in reading correctly, reading fluently, finding written information, finding implicit
information, finding the idea, making conclusion of text, finding the topic, and
their ability in vocabularies.
The research was R&D research. This research was conducted by
following several procedures, such as preface study, planning, developing the
product, expert test, revision, experiment, and final revision.
The population of the research used was the first grades of MAN Pasuruan. They are 205
students all together and separated into six classes. Furthermore, the researcher took class of X-5
as the sample of research. At the experiment stage, the researcher used one group pre and post test
design.
The researcher used questionnaire in collecting data concerning students
characteristics, their background knowledge, their need, and teacher and expert
assessment toward the related teaching material. Meanwhile, observation was
used to get the data concerning the study of Arabic in MAN Pasuruan. And the
test was used to measure the student’s competency of reading skill within pre and
post-test. Descriptive statistical analysis in percentage was used in analyzing data.
Based on the research, the researcher identified that the score of student’s
skill in reading correctness is 64,4% in pre-test and 86,4% in post- test. The score
for reading fluency in pre-test is 68,9% and 86,4% in post test. Their score for
finding written information is 57,6% in pre-test and 95,5% in post- test. For
finding implicit information, their score is 34,3% in pre-test and 89,9% in post-
test. For finding the idea, their score is 6,1% in pre-test and 68,2% in post test.
The score for making conclusion of text is 3% in pre-test and 63,4% in post-test.
The score for finding the topic is 9,1% in pre-test and 51,5% in post-test. Their
ability in vocabularies is 16, 7% in pre-test and 63,7% in post test.
Herewith, it can be concluded that the teaching material compiled by the
researcher based on curriculum KTSP 2008 effectively can improve the student’s
skill in reading as well as understanding Arabic texts in every aspect of it.
::

  ()$ ij= k)l?


Robbiatul Wahidah. 2009. Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Ketrampilan Membaca
Sesuai Kurikulum KTSP. Pembimbing: 1) Dr. M. Afifuddin Dimyati, 2) Dr.
Mohamed Shaikhoun Mohamed
Kata Kunci: Pengembangan Bahan Ajar, Ketrampilan Membaca, KTSP
Kurikulum KTSP 2008 memiliki beberapa perbedaan dengan kurikulum
KBK tahun 2004, salah satunya pada aspek materi pembelajaran. Kurikulum ini
hanya menyebutkan materi secara garis besar, sehingga menuntut penjabaran
lebih lanjut menjadi bahan ajar yang lebih terperinci. Dengan demikian, KTSP
memberi peluang bagi guru untuk menyusun bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan
kurikulum dan kondisi siswa dengan merujuk pada berbagai sumber belajar.
Penelitian ini berangkat dari kesulitan guru untuk mendapatkan buku ajar
sebagai sumber belajar utama yang memiliki kesesuaian isi dengan kurikulum
baru, sebab buku-buku yang beredar dan digunakan di sekolah mayoritas masih
ditulis berdasarkan kurikulum KBK tahun 2004.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana efektifitas bahan
ajar yang telah dibuat dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa dalam
aspek ketepatan bacaan, kelancaran, kemampuan menemukan informasi tersurat
dan tersirat, menentukan ide dan tema, menyimpulkan, dan penguasaan kosakata .
Penelitian ini menggunakan model R&D. Penelitian dilakukan dengan
mengikuti beberapa prosedur mulai dari studi pendahuluan, perencanaan,
pengembangan, uji ahli, revisi, uji lapang, revisi akhir.
Adapun populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MAN Pasuruan
yang berjumlah 205 siswa yang terbagi dalam 6 kelas. Dari populasi ini kemudian
dipilih satu kelas, yaitu kelas X-5 sebagai sampel penelitian. Selanjutnya pada
tahap uji lapang, peneliti menggunakan metode satu kelompok pre-test post test.
Angket digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang karakteristik,
kemampuan awal, dan kebutuhan siswa, serta penilaian guru dan ahli terhadap
bahan ajar yang telah disusun. Observasi digunakan untuk memperoleh data
tentang pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di MAN Pasuruan. Tes digunakan untuk
mengukur kompetensi siswa sebelum dan sesudah uji coba.Untuk analisis data
digunakan metode analiasis statisik deskriptif dalam bentuk persen.
Dari perhitungan yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa nilai ketepatan bacaan
siswa pada pre-test adalah 64,4%, sedangkan pada post-test 86,4%. Nilai
kelancaran membaca pada pre-test adalah 68,9% dan pada post-test 86,4%.
Kemampuan siswa menentukan informasi tersurat pada pre-test adalah 57,6% dan
pada post- test 95,5%. dalam menentukan informasi tersurat, nilai siswa pada pre-
test adalah 34,3% dan 89,9% pada post-test. kemampuan siswa menentukan ide
pada pre-test adalah 6,1% dan 68,2% pada post test. Adapun kemampuan
menyimpulkan isi teks adalah 3% pada pre-test dan 63,4% pada post-test.
Sedangkan untuk menentukan ide, nilai siswa adalah 9,1% pada pre-test dan
51,5% pada post-test. nilai siswa pada penguasaan kosakata adalah 16, 7% pada
pre-test dan 63,7% pada post test.
Dari sini dapat dikatakan bahwa bahan ajar yang tersebut dapat
meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa di semua aspek yang telah disebutkan.
:;

ij= , ?r

jt7 s 1 /
J IRL
“ < "=>
~ ("O @ \
€= DV\ (O
@ \/ 8 +
Y Hx  />
` pH  6&
A (_ ¬f   pH  6&
­ U@"Uf   pH  6&
I pH n($,
” I@ "8 w/
E#R w/
u] c7t
ij= ,W
: &"O |J
3 pH  \& |“
3 pH  ®J |~
 pH "=J |
• pH ¯@V |k
0 pH °J |@
:2

4 pH @"# |Y
1 np xc "(" |`
v9 c7t
3$ ,  Q#w x 
::    $ c |J
:: Ž$ S (& |:
:; Ž$ W O(% |;
:2 Ž$ W (& |2
:3 !< O !L& |“
:3 !< O 9$L*& |:
:3 !< O ” $UJ |;
:• !< O g n L |2
:0 !< O !L&   "=J |3
:4 !< O   n($& |
:1 !< O !L& ƒ(" O(% |•
;: !< O !L& ƒ(" w@ |0
;2 !< O !& |4
;3 !< O M + nH(" |1
;0   @ 5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " '+ ¢ !PHU |~
LV   
;1 O n " |
:3

i9 c7t
ij= d 
21 pH tL& |J
3 d+@ pH ˆ^ |“
3 pH n @J |~
3; nUH c& |
3; nUH   “$ J |k
y$# c7t
 ?+  ))z ,= {#;
33 pH twU  @ ¯+ |J
03 pH twU \/& |“
|} c7t
,5#?3/ ,~ ? ij= ?
04 pH twU |J
01 pH ng$ |“
4 pH n#O& |~
y'#/ 47/ 6+
4: c
: ˆ 
4: Z- -‫أ‬
42 ±$ -‫ب‬
43 n \U@ n(@ -‫ج‬
:HC ˆ 

43 Z- -‫أ‬

43 n \U@ n(@ -‫ب‬

<5
4 pH n @J Q @J :: Ep 
::  " x :; Ep 
:3 ƒ(" §xS :2 Ep 
::3  " !"#$ :3 Ep 
€($Uo €" B> €  n "  - "+ “xS : Ep 
5 @V &$F &Rf
B> 5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " ƒw “xS :• Ep 
  n "  - "+
7f /x :0 Ep 
 P ! :4 Ep 

uh 6+

jt~ s1 !+

;4 5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo "  I$c* @ “Rx "+ :
3; H @  5H '& ! ¥$O ¡  ;
32 HS  “Rx twU £/  !¡ @ &"6 n*g $ 2
3    £"& '& 5H twU 3
    "& '& 5H twU 
4      I^  I@C H '& 5H twU •
•      I^  †o H '& 5H twU 0
•2  HO HS  “Rx twU 4
•  HO HS  “Rx tw    1
•0  HO HS  ¥$O g+ -  “Rx !<* " " :
•4      ! EHx ::
•4 A"H HS  “Rx twU :;
0: A"H HS  “Rx tw    :2
0; A"H HS  ¥$O xOU -  “Rx !<* " " :3
02 <O  @ A"H @  HO HS  “Rx twU UO& :
:0

<5/ 6+

jt~ s1 !+

4• A"H @  HO HSR n$" :
40  HO HSR  ®C $ ;
41 A"H HSR  ®C $ 2
1: Zx 5H n$" 3
1;  5H n$" 
12  5H •
13 H 5H 0
1 Zx 5H 4
10 W#R  1
14 ¥$O  :
::  " x :;
:3 ƒ(" §xS :2
::3  " !"#$ :3
5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " ƒw B>   n "  - "+ “xS :
  n "  - "+ B> 5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " ƒw “xS :•
7f /x :0
 P ! :4
:4

u] c7t
ij= ,W

3/ `W
ij= , `€
ij= )‚W `
ij= C"W `4
ij= {#@ `ƒ
ij= „W `
ij= 45 `
,j)>7/  z `
:1

u] c7t
ij= ,W

3/ –W
'& £J $=@ .=P&R  dp @J " d&"O & - $= tL 5>
ˆ€ 5J €H+ 'K i= '&١. @J " + L + 9$O( œ ƒC
  n  9O @ .² Œ@ tL +  5J "  Lx\UJ@   n 
.O tL £J M + vP- U@"U> 
 dOHx EH AP tL '&@ .n & U@"U>    tL  "/@
!"€#$ Ž$& M + tL @ i9;3 9+ tL&@ i9:113 9+ tL& P= U" 
¤ nL‰ n   P= ˆ&@ .5š z# OHx& I _(  AP ;4   
 e(J L - kP= ±"@ .ŒU$& '& °T@ n($ @ "=C  nVRS
.&Rf £ "       tL&
&R€f €($Uo £ "      5> inVRS kP= '&@
€7f @ ˆV"€  d$& 9;4    !"#$ Ž$& M + tL Z#
€   '& P  Ž" {Ÿf )/$  @ P  !<*  @ ($x @
'(Sš 9R- LV ² 'K œ n L =  n L @ .U>@ 
Uf n L &J@ .!< O @ ” !L& n L kP= \ @ .<@O LV@
\ @ .(( @J L*7 iIc R ! j-   9 "6 ² 'K œ n L LV
€($Uo £ "€     V ivP . @ 9R !L& n L kP=
!€L& €=@ !"#$& £³" œ ˆC ($  n L “- " &Rf

:3 « i( :11: i    :!=O ) oo Hx ikg+@ tL i!+ †$ = >1
;

'€& !L& > ƒ tL P= WU  !< OV ;. @ !< O @ 9R @ ”
M€ +  €e*& €J !L& N@ iP   ="(@_ '& "  ˆC n L
.Ž€SC ±Ro n L “ +"( 5J "  !< O  V .ŽSC n L
!€L- !< O ˆy@ "/ AP ;3  !<* £J M + tL R´ P=@
€ @ ” @ 9R   5$(  iP&R  L  ZŸ œ w
2
.L  +"&@ "(‘&
9+ tL&  n- "OV .5$e # '& 5.L 5 P= ) ¢ vP-@
 €\ C !<* @ !<* (& (KBK) !<* ƒJ M + wO ;3
   $ @ in 7‘ c* ˆ& iL&   c*& T ($  n L ˆ8
w O «$c '(@+ !$g  n+$y$& ƒµ @J ˆJ '& 5$ œ C
LH+$€( 5J "€ œ Vc @J ($p Z-  5 ˆ&   cV - 
i(KTSP) €  !"#$ Ž$& M + tL &J@ .  !"#@ -  P 
€($  n €L   c* C (* @ !<* (& > dV -P V
€cV -  5+$y$& &$+ dV - "OV i   $  H &J@ .ˆC
 "€+>  £"€ (F  @  ‡*( tL PLV i¶ '&@ .c* 5@  
Œ "€/ Ž$&@ D " I $#J Z# c z7 '& =($x @    $
. u$&@ Œ#@
€*  D" H/ '& ?j nR\ 5rV ik- 9"O · T M +@
LW @ H   ! S    i " x M + O tL
5C nR\ kP= ?j @ .tL  !$ !<* “ M + P  "+( ’

;
Peraturan Menteri Agama RI Nomor 2. 2008. Kurikulum Bahasa Arab MI MTs MA, Standar
Kompetensi Lulusan dan Standar Isi Bahasa Arab di Madrasah. p. 21
2
Departemen Agama. 2005. Kurikulum 2004: Standar Kompetensi Madrasah Aliyah. Surabaya:
Kantor Wilayah Departemen Agama Jawa Timur. p. 144
;:

!€ kP= * £" nH @ 'V .R^ C   ! -P( tL
. &-   !& 5$ L c* @ C
“€-  5$€e& $€= & $HO( 5J M + 5@( =o-J 5$" @
M€ + )‘& “ P= 5J 5@( žC i"# @ ”$Hx& @J )‘& '& "# @ "&
£ "  &"6 " Z o-J 5> id& T M + .A8 tL £J
w€O tL <$y  $& I _  žC i"("8 tL ž$e& Ex(  ($Uo
)€c     £ n+$y$& 5> ido&@ .;3  !<* £J M +
9€+ tL& Z# M +  " 9 '& †o c*  ($Uo " '& I@C
J‡ mˆ # i  m‰#3 2 4=& 3& mŠ  ‹ = 9;3
Ž$€ & 5$( AP 9;4 9+ tL&  O ”$y$ 5J ˆ& ib6)/
.  /  Π$=  "
£J M + “$& "#@ “- $LV i( "= . .€= d*J AP “ &J@
 =o-J =@ i u7J  +$& T LV w O «$c '@ i"("8 tL
+$Hx  Z  !$$  $ '& $x& @J =o-J ƒHO& c/ oU !$g
D®€7   @ v("( D  o& iLVO¸ L&  #  I@" 
@J nUR+> @J )pg o& ŽSJ c& '& !* 'K iOOF @ .°T@
.€ «$€c '& !o- ” $UJ M + P&R ( z# i=T@ n+$$&
L€ U@"U>  !"c&@ +$Hx& nR^ @J Z- '& !* 'K e(J@
.LLV M + “Rx
M€ + !cO& LV .“ P=  !< O M + nH(" ”$ } vP-@
M + Z(" @ <@O  M + #@x  ®C >@ jx @J ‡pc S
!o€- + $UJ ­= 5J ˆ& i8  n  n-# ¤ P (L8 !< O
Ž"€& £€/@ !< O  “Rx !L& / ² 'K !< O M + nH(" '&
;;

"€c- "€# @ “€- M +  "( J eVC '& ivP .LV ²


  5C i!"   c&@ ŽSC Z '& "*( 5J d +  i   
!<€*- “ M + P  !"+  + $= ¹>@ i& “- 9S  + ƒ
3
.&
!& '&  g <_.-   !"#@ c o#H N@# iEH · /RxU
!"€#$ Ž$€& M + tL <$y  ($Uo  # P&R !< O !L  
n€U$ Ž"€#> '& = ! 5C i u$&@ Œ#@ u $#C H  
GH& EV@ M + =S (@ "  "+> " } > =@ i     L
M + D" "+  "/@ P&R  !"w* ?j  "OV i!$\& "=J@ ƒJ@
.!$ "=C B> I$g$

ij= , ‫بـ‬

Ž"€& & " :?š $p pH  \& "(" 'K iE ¯ <$y 
 L& "6 @ " tL <$y  !< O !L   !"#@ c V
"» !< O !L&  “Rx !<*-

ij= )‚W ‫جـ‬

:=@ +*  ®C '& "+ w  \ kP= '+ EoH(@
!<€*- € L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& & |:
» ppg !< /  !< O  “Rx
€/R% € L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& & |;
»  !< O  “Rx

3
Tim Pustaka Yustisia. 2008. Panduan Lengkap KTSP. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Yustisia. p. 199
;2

n&$  Ÿ>  “Rx !<*- / c ! V Ž"& & |2
» ‰$* 
!<€*- € L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& & |3
» ‰$*  T n&$  Ÿ>  “Rx
!<€*- € L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& & |
»  n OV '& !OV  w VC D  “Rx
!<€*- € L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& & |•
»  ”$y$& D  “Rx
!<€*- € L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& & |0
»  '& gR ˆy@  “Rx
“  L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& & |4
» n *  “Rx

ij= C"W ‫دـ‬

: B> pH P= "L(


!<*-  L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& V& |:
ppg !< /  !< O  “Rx
/R%  L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& V& |;
 !< O  “Rx
!<*-  L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& V& |2
‰$*  n&$  Ÿ>  “Rx
!<*-  L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& V& |3
‰$*  T n&$  Ÿ>  “Rx
;3

!<*-  L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& V& |
 n OV '& !OV  w VC D  “Rx
!<*-  L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& V& |•
 ”$y$& D  “Rx
!<*-  L& "6 @  " !"#$ c V Ž"& V& |0
 '& gR ˆy@  “Rx
€ L& "6€ @ € " !"#$ c V Ž"& V& |4
n *  “Rx “

ij= {#@ ‫ـ‬

:= pH P= ¯@V@


€" tL€ <$y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |:
ppc  !< O  “Rx !<*-   IV L& "6 @
€" tL€ <$y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |;
 !< O  “Rx /R%   IV L& "6 @
€" tL€ <$y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |2
‰$*  n&$  Ÿ>  “Rx !<*-   IV L& "6 @
€" tL€ <$y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |3
€T n€&$  Ÿ>  “Rx !<*-   IV L& "6 @
‰$* 
€" tL€ <$y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |
€w VC D  “Rx !<*-   IV L& "6 @
 n OV '& !OV 

€" tL€ <$y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |•
 ”$y$& D  “Rx !<*-   IV L& "6 @
€" tL€ <$y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |0
 '& gR ˆy@  “Rx !<*-   IV L& "6 @
€" tL€ <$y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |4
n *  “Rx “   IV L& "6 @

ij= „W ‫وـ‬

#w `_
 $€  "€+> €*-  n&$  @ V < ¸>  pH P= =(
.($Uo  # “Rx !< O !&  gS iLc @ !"8  

3=>? `E
i!"€8   ! c  o#H  H(" pH P= ¡( : @J
. ($   $ E ( & g$cS

€L  9€O M€ + D" "+ !"8 ! c 5> : U¸
tL  !O !$ "=C B> I$g$ 

.$L L  M + P&R "+ !"8    $ c : o¸

€" '€& I@C )c  !< O !L    $ c :  
.o @ †o )c  =($x J 5$( 5J 'K ($Uo

ij= 45 ‫زـ‬

!"€#@ c  pH ”$y$& o#H n"# : ; 1 / 4 |:


)c “Rx *o !< O  !< O !L  
†o c*  &Rf ($Uo " '& I@C
Ž$€& M€ + tL€ <$y   " 9 '&
5@‘\ ! Y@ d / AP (KTSP)   !"#$
.9;4  ("

'& I@C )c  pH 5& o#H n"#@ : / 4 |;


@€ 5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo "
=P&R 5C " kP= o#H nS @ ./\
5$€6& =o-J  i* ¼   n* S u
 >  $ ( }@ i& x$ " '&
€   &"6 " Z @ ." kP=
w€O tL Z# $& N Y &   
 žr€V ivP€ .;3  !<* £J M +
"€("8 tL H&   !& B> & #
.D " I $#j@

|;4 € "   pH P= AJ : p 4 |2


. " 9 '& †o c*  9 ;1
;0

,j)>7/  z ‫حـ‬

€= €  ! @ i  ! '& <_ = :   5  |:
“R€x  LK"€O  ZTU AP   Ž$
@J €(L& @J €V&   "=J EO ¯ 
 €(@ .P  d ( AP 5$e =@ .U "@
€= pH P=  !< O !L  " !"#$
.L + nH(" @ w O «$c '& +$^

Z  " !"#$  "+>  +@ i= "+> $= : 5  !67* |;
€ + £C  =@ i   $  "+>  
G€H @ ƒC '& +$^ M + 9$O ($  +
 $€  ½€ 5J  H( œ n¨ '& !"
 $€& €S = !"#$ c  (@ •. 
!O C (* @ !<* (’ H&  
LW @ c z7 '& D " I $#j@ tL 
. ( Z#

€= # & LV ­\ Ÿ> x\U  + = : 0#3    |2

€OxV i“$ 9R  AcH ­ f '& J"H


 n $c W @ i $c Œ$"  Y$&

i² DO%        H(" n @" £@ ik¾R&Y@ 5 Y$* = > ' 'X "H+ 
::: « i(€= :3;3 i&Rf )/$ ‘&) AW ZU8
&) ŽSJ n  DO%      C “ i% "XJ A"7@ / &- $, •
;0 « i(:142i ŽO 9J & :&
;4

z€# iA$€ª@ g §  n   O& n+$^


d€> "€L( AP€ ¿ V& '& GO '(
² 'K œ !L = !< O !L’  (@ 0.Z 
.d& !* @ dLV@ {+ U !< / P 

P  LH( n ¡ @ n O '& +$^ $= : . /  / |3

" tL  (@ ٨.  @J " d$ N


  !"#$ Ž$& M + tL $= pH P= 
AP @ ;4  (" 5@‘\ ! Y@ d / AP
.  !"#$ Ž$& M + tL  Ro· 5$(

11 « i(:14: i5H H& :n@) L  @ F n   i{ "¨ "H+ `Rg 0
;1 « iE ˆ& i!+ †$ = >8
;1

v9 c7t
3$ ,  Q#w x 

6)&? 4 / !67* : u] ij=/


0#3    : v9 ij=/
#@     9  / J;  * S= : i9 ij=/
3$ ,  : y$# ij=/
2

v9 c7t
3$ ,  Q#w x 

6)&? 4 / !67* `W
¯€  “R€x  dK"O  ZTU AP   Ž$ =    $
d€ ( AP€ 5$e =@ .U "@ @J (L& @J V&   "=J EO
M€( œ n&$  @ EwOF @ ($ n ¡ +$^ = @J 1.& +  P 
€-F n L @J i ="+ L  ( œ O @ n=© @ i² “Rx "(@_
"€=C <$y  u & &\ $ EO "² i=(> ²->  ( œ
:
.tL  !O
Z€  €+$Hx& !& 5$( "OV i  A$ P= !$g ”$ @
!$c& !& 5$( "/@ inOc & @J n $H @J n#$ M + @J   n O @
5$ "/@ i"O B> §H '& ŽSJ 7J P6( "/@ i9RVC @J o $c-
~€h 5 "  !$$ ! DV .< $ "# M + D  @ “Rx  V$j& T
.  ! '& <_ =   !"#$ @ .=S B>

4/  ?r ?O Ž & `_


i€² 9€= '€& "  (& d ! Ž$, S 5J % AJ @
::
:L&

::: « iE ˆ& ik¾R&Y@ 5 Y$* = > ' 'X "H+ 1


9J €& :& &) †o <_8 iŽSJ n  DO%      ˆ i% "XJ A"7 :
;; « i(:14• iŽO
::
;2 « i d*U ˆ
2:

€/ @ 5$€( &"+ /g Ž$ 5$(@ i(Validity) 7 Ž & : W
+$y$ "=C ˆ& d\‹ '+ ReV  + ppg@ RgJ@
 /  5$( &"+ L& Ž$ ¡( i(Significance) „] Ž & : ‘
n L @ O @ V '(& '& * 6 ZU $8 x ˆ& iZx !#
@J €  L  @J V W ZJ@  O n L  L&
d(" Ÿf n=© 
ˆ€& €\& Ž$ 5$( 5j i(Interest) ,6?" u / Ž & : 9‘
n€&= kP€=   '& £J M + ¢ &"+ Zx n&=
u L& ¡( ’ ˆHx ‡pc 5@ @C LxV I$ @
&"€+   R/ Ž$ 5$(@ i(Learn ability) !)&?) )$+ Ž & : &$
G€H €+ & L (* Q@* M + \& “Rx n "/ M+ (
  ! ¯+  ~"
'& %¹J \( &"+ " Ž$ 5$( i(Universality) /& Ž & :O
Ž$€ ƒ€( & "O@ \H D V  8 @"F    
d$# '& g } Zx §( 5J  H( & ˆ& ˆ.     c

 ?’ !w* 3 #x `E
:;
.$$ W &>@ Ox W &> ! @J Ž$ W @
AJ i€Œ  !€ H% <$y  H & Ž$ ¥"O $= .3>/ !w? : W
GH& +  W P= @ . =* @ n&$   Ox Z  !+ &
B> ¥"€O '€&@ iZc B> L '&@ i"O B> §H '& ~"
P=@ ...("F

:;
•1|•4 « id*U ˆ
2;

“R€x n€# <$€y  Ž$ ¥"O $= .'   !w? : ‘


W P= 9_ ( @ .="#@ ! H% <$y  ƒ@ ig LV@‰@
.Ox Z 

Q ?’ !w* Ž & `f


:2
: ( & LV iŽ$ W  (& &J@
A‘  itL n ¡S D w /R d "cO( i #6? : W
. !¡ d+" “Rx "+ D& ¸J ± "#> B> !¡S -
­€= 5$( 5J@ i¤H Le Q$V n ¡ < d "cO(@ iy$?? : ‘
.n L ¯+   
.ŽSC L& - ( # n ¡ D OVC /R $=@ ic?: 9‘

:2
•1 « i d*U ˆ
22

0#3    `€
0#3 [ t `_
kP€=@ i= 5& B>  Y$&  LV   O+  + = !< O
I€/ vP-@ :3.(L8 !< O = kP=@ i+$& À*J B> ¶ i&c !< O
€\  O+  + !< O 5> / &- $, $-@ ƒU$(  + pV $-
Z x @ i¿ LV Y$& kP= Z x @ d+ E(% GO =O ( œ Y$& *
€\ |L(J "+|OOF Ly@  !< O @ .c6\ !¡ D@ d §
*€ e(J \ @ iZ  * c@ n  M +  '& R- M +

.A"O @ QR

0#3 s W `E
: ( & L& iLw J O(%@ L& "=C Z# !< O ” $UJ "
# h 0#3 : W
Y$€&  A€c  '& &c !< O dH x & M + \ !< / =
kP€= '€+ A$*\ H L + "(_ @ iLU&@ Œ$"  O+ ­ >@ i
œ€ n€*U @ VC * @ i² L8 @ n  Ex i† @ n$"
.! L + A$
?7 0#3 : ‘
LV@ À*C $c @ in  @ @F B> W  D M + " !< /
!< €O @ .D*€\ v( @J L° @J ”$& n$g ~ S> 5@ i= LU&

:;2 « i(:142iV  )    ƒ("  d$ i5  + $, :3


« i(:100 i€VOo   :!=O )      nJ i/ &- $,@ ƒU$(  + pV :
:0|:•1
23

€L* €C €Œ&$O& '&@ iP  L ( 5J ZŸ J !L& &c

.+ @ (“ )
'“ 6 0#3 : 9‘
=@ .dU@" O(@ “Rx d> ˆ( $¹ 5$  ² 9$O( !< / =@
9$O( œ (L8 !< O EH žJ - i“  ®J@ &c !< O ˆH !+
:D 7 "#J $ !< O P6 5J ' '&@ .“Rx ²
i§OV d> 5$( “Rx @ w O !  JO( : )7?/ 0#3 (‫)أ‬
o-J @J !"# @ !OV ! kP= 5$ "/@ .k" '& ( 5J 5@ AJ
N€U- >   '& <_ @J i!"# @    JO( :xO 0#3 (‫)ب‬
 8  JO( ¶ . "( k" '& “Rx (@ i ($%  8
:0
O(x ƒ*  8 & @ ik" '& “Rx (@ 
t9/ 0#3: &$
"€² c* S  A© œ !< O '& ”$ v *o !< O "cO
M + "$& Pu ¦@ .A$  ="g !(Y@ iD " "+ !< O n L& 
"€O @ L* @  n L& “- M + £ " “"( $c '& Ž$&
€c* @ €  7> N !< O '& ”$ P=  ›\ @"(@ .+* @
:4
. "
& / 0#3 : O
k"(@_ @ ic*  5$ " L  œ w O n L +" B> "Œ@
M€ + "& ic* ~S ”$ P=  ›\ @"(@ .!F !< O M + !"O

0 « i( ;2 i$ H& :¯( )      Ew % iZx = > ' ", :•


::;|:4 « i(:14; i¯( )    ƒ(" ZJ ib$  + :0
&Rf W n $\& :› ) dHJ@ d.=& i² DO%      i% "XJ A"7 :4
:4: « i(:141 i$(> VOo @ 9$  @  

”$€ P=  $& @" @ .ZU $8 ¤   !\ j. ( "/ dUJ > iZx
.“Rx n&=  g n  !c/ c/@ ixH& n+$y$& I$# !< O '&
:1
.*o !< O  “Rx d & <$y  A$  = $, S "/@
& # 0#3 : 4
!< €/ «$c JO( 5J M + P  Z(" B> !< O '& ”$ P= "L(
;
.g* 5@ LV w C n&$  §OV 9= ˆ& (
;?6? 0#3 : &$
Z€-  €  B> @ n * < ¸> B> !< O '& ”$ P= "L( 
€ ² "cO ¹>@ iRc*& LV LLV B> @ iw O «$c IRS '& 
.!< O M + P  HT
))j? 0#3 : ‘
 'O( 5J M + P  Z(" $=   p !< O '& w "u 5$(
€pH M + P  ² “"( vP-@ .$ c '& n&$  '+ pH
5J M + e(J ² “"(@ .w VC +" œ ($Uo VC @ nRc* '+
P€SC @ I $#C @ <7C D /R V& d 'K Ox& * <7C  *(
.!<@O «$c '& gR 

0#3$ ~} ,  / `f
;:
:=@ iL& !"# @  (  H( !< O gS n L& ­=
C#&? ,   : W

:1
d*U ˆ
;
Effendy, Ahmad Fuad. 2006. Metodologi Pengajaran Bahasa Arab. Malang:
Misykat. p. 130-131
;3|;: « iE ˆ& i% "XJ A"7 ;:

  n$g D § @ $ Y$& vV M + !"O i  "cO(


.n  '& =T '+ =_‹@ Œ$g@
! t ,   : ‘
n" vV@ 8 @ n  †& D /R ­ > M + !"O =
.!7H& T @J !7H& n NU-J < $ iL+ ¡ œ
3 ,   : 9‘
€& I$€H/@ dV AJ < ">@ i* k¾O( & M + F M + !"O =
'&   @ & D UY $ @ iOx& T $= & ¤V@ d O+ d (
.d*U ”$y$  O VJ '& * dV( &@ VJ
c;t? ,   : &$
dc "+ * d 9$O( AP & A* ›\ i+* "cO(@
IR€S '& pH @ idL $  \’ £#f J"H( AP @ +$Hx& ! j
'& d&_ ( ’ F Pu . @ nR\ kPu # '+ !<@O !
. /  "g> ¶ * @ I*U

0#3    !)&* C"W `g


;;
: ( & !< O !L&   & "=C 5>
L€+ ¡ œ n $gC $ Y$& § '& £ " '( 5J : W
   
‡pg Ex (L !< / U !< / '& '( 5J : ‘

W n $\&) ² DO%      ƒ(" Ew % i% "XJ A"7@ / &- $, ;;
:;|:: « i(;2i$(>|VOo @ 9$  @   &Rf
20

€+$Hx p*€c '€& !7H& 9 ¿ ~ '& '( 5J : 9‘
Z-    ¿  ­ >@
n €*& D Q* @ iQ †& '& n * †’ ( 5J : &$
 n *&@ ("F
§€ œ ¿ n/R+ ­ >@ n O*  8 †& L*( 5J : O
L
LVg@   "+ $/ B> v Q$ 5J 5@ QRxU @ L* JO( 5J : 4
€U$ n€/R ­"€( 5J@ g* @ w_8 VC L*( 5J : &$
w !* 
L& - *‰@@ / n&R+ M + ( 5J : ‘
B> €& n *& w $/ @J  U 5@ /Rx JO( 5J : &*
D 
“C !< €/ B> *p€c !< €/ '& < "  @ !< / JO( 5J : #D;
tw "("@ ± "#C ­ > ˆ& (8 ± "#C @ 9$  @ Á( @
&Rf  VOo  $ !< O §@ ="OU@ †  @

0#3 !)&* , ? `a


:=@ i# & ±R¸ B> n($ kP=   )c(@
!< €O  Z€x ÂL( LV @ i0#3 ,   6? ”] )5#/ : W
.($  Zx "g LV 5$(@ u C n L  @ ( " )
< €¸> M€ + _- ( LV@ i0#3    6? > ?/ )5#/ : ‘
d€&&J ˆ€ @ €($  Z€-   k"g  @ Zx n *&
.& "# B> !< O n+$y$&
24

“"€( i€ # kP€= @ i0#3 2 u3? m 3?/ )5#/ : 9‘


J"€H( @ ƒ& $O 9"6( )- ( @   d *&  M + Zx
;2
!< O  IRO n $xS B@J

0#3    | * <#x `n
;3
: ( & !< O !L& ƒ("   Ew x '&@
in $gC @J @F <" !< O £ "  =@ m ph 3 #> : W
n€  '€& 5$ @ n - L& 5$ ¤H Le B> Le ¶
:L+ $UJ '&@ .+$y$& n O* '&@ n OV 8 '&@ R
€  €=  J"H( œ O(x =@ m •] @# 3 #> ( ‫)أ‬

.kSq B> i< i)J  V iSš " "# @ <.u @#
€  L€@ i€VF O(x O(x kP= dH\ m * 7 3 #> (‫)ب‬

!$& ¶ &$e& ¶ #$*& @F

€e(J N€‚ vP@ i< _C d  @  J"H ž> m ) 3 #> : ‘
:  Qx '& ” $UJ ¸R¸ ­=@ .  p O(x
NU$ œ @F ( ¶ @J   P  ( m 6) 3 #x ( ‫)أ‬

  L&
¶ i!$H€ @J €/xH M + !c/    ¯( m )6h 3 #x (‫)ب‬

n & !"+ k" '& “Rx =(@  8  Ex(

 « iE ˆ& i% "XJ A"7 ;2


i€% "€XJ A"7 B> e(J WU .•: « iE ˆ& il "H+ "F "H+@ b  l "H+ gU;3
"H+@ .::;|:4 « i   ƒ(" ZJ ib$  + ",@ .33|3 « iE ˆ&
", 9&f & :¯( ) ŽSJ n  DO%     ƒ(" Ew % i c = > ' _(_
(;; i&Rf $ '
21

J"€H €žJ > i $€c O(x dH\ NU- 5>@ =@ m/ 3 #x (‫)ج‬

."€ @# '& # LV x n  AJ i!@" @F


=T@ iI/ i  :o&

€=( _& €O(%  5J O(x kP= @"(‘& Ž( m t ? 3 #> : 9‘
Q€x ˆ '& !* “$gC 5rV ivP- &C 9  &@ .²$+@
= $ 5@ !"# @ O(x v 9"+@

€w /  O(x kP= Z# £" J"H( m #? ; 3 3 #x : &$
9$€O( ¶ i!"("8 n * '& wO R(P& @J /$H& ip*c "g 
M + v Z(@ ix@   B> @J 9C D "   B> L 
5$( "/@ id* S 5$H( =@ i“Rx M + M K @J n"@ 5> !$H
ˆ€ LO( x@   B> @J 9C   B> “  & LW&
D²€ “Rx "#J '& Z x( @J id*   JO( ¶ .“Rx
!< €/ € !< O “Rx ˆ8 gV x( ¶ i(L !< / d < /
.  w¸ .& !"+’ n  †& ­ > P&R I@h@ .&g
w @ np xc ¤ `7  /@ eK "/@ ."+ $O `\ J" ¶
. $7 @J  $U @J n <o '& LV ’ Vc

& !"+/ @J ", §¹ M + H& d  eh m#D=/ 3 #> : O


`€\ *  i9$ @J !$c & i“Rx B> LK"O "((
€o @ n-F U ˆ& £"  LK"O   n  ˆ
n  ƒ(" '&  L( 5J "@ .!¨ n  †& ‡y$
'&  @¾O( 5J L& Z x( iOO# LV “Rx LL*(@ n H @
n €* kP= ² $  œ O(x ˆ& E* !" !< / O “
3

5@€( €=@ i    d*   JO( & !+@ .n H @


ipp€g   !< / k"  “Rx JO( ¶ .(&Y @J + d* S
€  `x( v "@ .)/@@   @ ¡U '& i   Ex LV M+ &
€  L€+ 5$HŸ “Rx @ i I$# @" œ  ®C '& "+
. "u

i&€c !< O€ L( O(x kP= n H+ &< $&@ m0#3 3 #x : 4
LK"O @ in * vP- L(@ .L& !* M + “Rx Z(" @
.”$\ @ $c @ $L # '& "&@ O& Zj D  
9€= 9"€+@   '& L*\ ZU8 9= O(x kP= O @
€($p "€+ $O `€7 '& e(J  O @ .  n $gC   Ex
`€7 '& "@ .!@e n#  > L> <$.  9"+  Vc @
€@C =g+ B> !"("8 n    $ª 5$  d$( i"+ $O
n   kP= d¸" &@ IVC &YJ V&@ iE# $@ @"g@ E $ '&
<@€O   9 ¿ L* vP- Œ@ .*‰$ @ ¿   '&
.n HS @ nH(" @  ®C IRS '& v '& "-j @

0#3    | * c `e

: ( & !< O !L&    Œ* 'K œ   w$ '& @
:L& i,+>= : W
P&R <‚J L + Z /x i<‚C /x (J)
& @J  " !.# n($, <‚J L + Z i<7C <‚J /x (“)
P&R LV(

:•|:0 « i(:11: i $\  )    5$V ƒ(" i$-"& "XJ  + ;


3:

ƒ  o& i& @J L + Z i& @C P* /x (~)


@ n - L + Z n/x i ¸ 8 @ n  /x ()
i!$H€ M +  8 @J    Z(@ P&R M + ”Y$ @
$€= €& D@ d& !$$ n/xH D =e( 5J P  M +@
!$H M + “$&
P€&R "€ n/xH '& +$^ Z i$C @  ®C /x (k)
L€ + ”Y$€ @ .L> Sš L*cU @  ®J L*cU  ic*
L& - D Ox $opH( 5J L& Z x(@
P '& Z x( c/ '& < _J L + i!J_¨ !cO cO /x (@)
cO 5$  n/xH kP= Z  "( 5J
€$L^ !€c/ c/ L& - M + Z @ ic/ cO /x (Y)
d& œ cO ( 5J P - M +@ i(L

,–} ,5  : ‘


=@¾O( 5J  L& Z % ¶ P&R n ¡S L + Z

0#3 b&* #OW c : 9‘


9R€VC @ $c o& i(cH @  w$ iw$ kP= ” $UJ '&@
€+ f t& ¡€ @ yC ! @ §w  @ iUH 9$ @ nR. @
=T@

() €&] :&$


3;

I€VC @ i€8 '($ = L& "6 'K ($  “C ” $UJ '&@
@ €  @ in €* ¿€& M +  @ i!cO cO @ i @W @

.& @C +%>@ iL*(
0#3 4 `G
0#3 4 k7O :W
d€> &( AP -$  "u ˆ& Z n*g@ n&$O& !< O !
!< €O !& nS c~t? c- #-S* —t CŒ - ˜@ .  @ 
.=-P M + "+( Ox& §  @ !"(" !V  @ `7 M + A$ 
5J €  M€ V  7l)*  # @] ™l? "u 5- 5>@
5>@ .w VC M + _- M + ($Uo g* LV "+ ($  !& ¢
Ž$  !<@O ! nS L* @ “R 9 Ž$ V& "u 5-
'€& €=& €LV ˆx( d@ iGO L*j( } œ n  @ n H ¤
.A$  Q
iš 3 ; 3 S? 6* L& ŽSJ -$  "=J ­=@
AP * ¸j M +  @ i# g Z  =-P(  AP † ~ @
;0
.d- '& d> "L(

0#3 4 ?O :‘


n  DO%     t&U   !< O  $& S "+  H(
;4
: š ›@\ !+ & ŽSJ

:2;|:2: « iE ˆ& i{ "¨ "H+ `Rg ;•


::3 « i d*U ˆ ;0
:4; « iE ˆ& i% "XJ A"7 ;4
32

€.u '& n - M + A$  AJ iMpc*    5$ 5J (J)


.& + &+ @J gS
€cU H  9"OU RV =+J@ u$&@ D " n&= wR 5J (“)
=*  c @ UL 5@\V iI*%Ã 9"O( 5J 'K
œ u+J@ “Rx n&= xH & n *& M +  A$h 5J (~)
L J '&  + 5@"((
&R> O¸ § LV( @J & /RSJ / “Rx Ž" [H( 5J ()
nF  > i LVO¸ 'LK @J “Rx / ˆ& ¯( 5J 5@ D&
&Rf VOo ˆ& O kP= LV ¯ œ
i€L+$U@ Z-  @ n * - # '& “Rx  ~"( 5J (k)
¶ iIc  )/ $&  d 5$x( &@ .L*7 k$ ’ J"HV
n *& M +  A$h J &C  L ."(" $= & B> ² O(
!P€ d + ˆe @ =& V&  D " "L Q  @ " Hg
+$Hx p*c '& V D

0#3 :); ,= ? `I


5J " RV id& !$ "=C B> I$g$  R/ !< O !L&   5$
M + P  9_ œ  ®C '& +$.’ @J nH(" w O «$c kP= 
"€=j €Ox& L+ $UJ @ !6 nH(" I7J 5$ 5J  H(@ .LHŸ 5J
;1
.P&R Ž" ="(@_  "(( œ   n ¡  vP-@ iL+$U@ !< O
2
:!< O "=J Z# !< O M + nH(" ” $UJ  ( V@
,4#t/ 0#‘ ,= ? :W
;1
Effendy, Ahmad Fuad. op. cit., p. 131
2
:0;|:•4 « id*U ˆ
33

:nH(" '& ” $UJ !"+ B> ~pV d *& < ¸f P  Z("@
  - M + Z(" (‫)أ‬
 "yC - M + Z(" (‫)ب‬
-\ À*C '& ŽSC † 5 f M + Z(" (‫)ج‬
L @J n  *’ 5 f M + Z(" (‫)د‬
d+ @J y IVC '& ”e 5 f M + Z(" ( )

k  6› @#&/ ,= ? :‘


N B> n($ kP= 9$  /@  5$e& V&  n($& ­=
.¥$O @ Z- @  p @ EHx @ L* @ (-P ) V =@ in($&
#-S? @#&/ :); œ ? ( ‫)أ‬

n @j€ !<@"H  ®C !$g M + Ž$ P= M + nH(" Z


 mJ W m mJ 9L*

! t :); œ ? (‫)ب‬

 ®€C !$g M + Ž$ P= M + Z("   ®C 5$ 5J Z @


 + mb$ mˆ~ m #D mQS m“/

<=>? :); œ ? (‫)ج‬

#?O m<=x m9 ," m6 W mˆ- !$g   ®C 5$ @

c)j? :); œ ? (‫)د‬

”$€ P=  w VC '+ pH M + Z(" S"( 5J 'K


'K # *‰$ n  P   ~h ivP .Z(" '&
i5J ˆ€& i5J €T idUC i5C ivP :o& iw VC V& ²
” $UC kP=  9"6( 5J 'K Ž$ P= M + Z(" @ .=T@

ž  QW Ÿ 73 ƒS" œ  Ÿ 3/ J ??* “ : ®C '&


Ÿ &>3 J SO *

œ-#? :); œ ? ()

9$€ @J I€7C  P  Z % o& Z(" P= d@J '&@


€#@ ‘€H c vP-@ .dc6 @  Ž$, W py$
. '& !$Sj n&$  Z# nR\

¡ 3? :); œ ? (‫)و‬

¢+ mŸ% W  7 M + =o-J Ž$ P=  &"6  ®C


Ÿt 3/ ƒS" c" mŸ“/ m<@  £W c" m% y s 1 /
.=T@

c6h œ-#?$ C#&?) ,= ? :9‘


o& i&    n  *‰@ D M + P  “"( i"c P= 
P€= 5j€ £"€ L( 5J "  i'@ .=T@ Ÿ¤$ u &t/ J W mŸc;t J W
B> !< €O !L&    + I$p  z# i L*  @ > ƒ Z("
."+ $O  

!)&* #@     9  / J;  * S= `


 @ $#& ()

€ 9 :1•0 € 5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " NJ


" N/@@ .5 @V (SPIAIN) &$F &Rf &.  ( "+f "
N€J i:1•1   @ .1 / I\ 5"# @ $-" ”\  ­ P#
@ .5 @€V ”V *&J 5U$ &$F &Rf &.  (\ 9$   -
5 @€V &$F 9Rf '( ($Uo " B>   kP= N"H i:103 
€" kP=  I"H ¶ .(" 5@‘\ ! Y$  / M + + (MAAIN)
.:10•   (MAN) 5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " 
:0 €/ = /  (" 5@‘\ ! Y@ Œ/ - )w‰@ " kPu@
£ "  I+C 9WU@ W W '+:104 ƒ(& :• Á(  :104 9+
€  € + < f *‰@ " M + 5$ # &$F &Rf ($Uo
€   $ ZUÅ C    $- % 2 /C M + &Rf 9$ 
.u( &@ &Rf x$ " '& D6  n $ ±R¸ !" &
¿H P= ˆ/@@ ." kP= ¿H&  Y i:14•|:14  "  @
z#  v P&    + nJ"HV .5 @V [U (@ ¬( ”\  "("8
.DH '(P=  A© 5š
kP€=  “R€x "€+ 5$( i;1|;4  "   5š @
€W#R& 'K ic*@ .Z% 14 L - &$F &Rf ($Uo "
:?š : I@"8
30

: I@"8
5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo "  I$c* @ “Rx "+
u 7t 4; €> 4; ˆ7 !+#
I$cV • Z% ; I@C c* :
I$cV • Z% :11 †o c* ;
I$cV • Z% :41 o c* 2

L (@ ." kP=  @"    $ '& !& =    5>
€  c6& Sš L&@ i     5$cc6& L& .D"& ˆJ
€       !L7 IU '& D" <‘= '&@ .²J@ 
I@C )€c  €   5" £"(@ .ƒU  !L7 $U 5@Sš @
L€"V †€o )c  &J@ .!"# @ c# @ "# @ cV  5RS"( #
.o )c  vP-@ iZpV "# @ £"&
€& x$ " '& D6& Le " kP=  “Rx 5-
ivP€ .&Rf ($Uo " '& 5$6& 5@Sš @ .5 @V  !$$
.C  #  LW&@ i* ¼     Œ<*V
 €c# ±R€¸ €   †o @ I@C )c  “Rx (@
"€ @ .”$HC  Dc# ž$ V io )c  “Rx &J@ .”$HC
€  !"#$ Ž$& M + tL M + †o @ I@C )c     
!<* £J M + wO tL M + o )c    kP= " @ i(KTSP)
.(KBK) ;3 
    5$" L& "*( 5J 'K !o- w@ " kPu 5-@
“$€F @ . @ Y*  @ ¯ YL@ ¡6 @J A$   L& i
."V dUC " ( 5J 5š ˆx(  Le '@ .=T@
34

3$ ,  `4


 ?+ 3$ ,  {#; `_
!€& c E  œ n " ¤ ¯ pH P=  o#H 9$O
kP€= "€L(@ .!< €O !€L&   E  œ n " @ =($x @  
N€‹ · ”$y$ I$# 5$o#H d@ 5J EH & M + <$e <O> B> n "
[&_ Z  @   Z# n " kP= ¯@ .d8&  }·@ d8&
: ›$x <$y M +   - ¯ @ .u

pH "=J : @J


pH tL& : U¸
pH twU : o¸
\/& :  

:O n " v  ( V


2:
 0 )¥  4 :W
ij= C"W (W)
:B> pH P= "L(
v("( D    “  !< O ! «$c I7J )g@ (:)
D€ €   “  !< O !’    + < > )g@ (;)
€VOo @ € Ž$€ €&JR  WU L@ '& d  @ v("(
(Literacy Education)

'X "H "v("( D  "   “  !< O !&   n $xS ”R% iF !<$ · 2:
 i Literacy Education VOo @  Ž$ &JR  WU L@ '& '(Sš @ 5 Y$V
(; itU& &$F &Rf &8 :tU&) !$\& T 
31

€WU L@ '& v("( D    “  !< O !&  "+> (2)
(Literacy Education) VOo @  Ž$ &JR 

ij=   (€)
€  S" M + (Text Studies) «$c   o#H N&"6
.A"O   p *g$ d 5-@ i(Content Analysis) 5$e

ij= ? ()


+$& v("( D    “  «$c I7J 5> (:)
   “  !< O !&   n < > 5J o#H n"@ (;)
€ Ž$€ &JR  O(% &‹ Ex 5J  v("( D
VOo @
 !$$ !< O !&   @  "+f n# / ¤ o#H N&"/ (2)
  “ P=

+ (4)
@ i!< O !L& !   n $xS ”R% M + !_Æ-&  " kP=
ƒ€ o#H dV No AP “ @ .L*U   ! M + _-(
  O tL M + AŸ @ i($Uo "  9"6 “
.U@"Ur &Rf ($Uo £ "   

2;
œ>/ =;  4 :‘

k€© <$y  A$Uo o )c “Rx       !< O !L& !& ($x iZx "H+ 2;
€&$F &R€f €&8 :tU&) !$\& T   i9 Q M +  @  
( ;itU&


ij= C"W (W)


:B> pH P= "L(
€($Uo " “Rx       !< O !L& !& ($x (:)
9 Q M +  @   k© M + <
Q M +  @   k© M + \( AP " “ ~U> (;)
9

ij=   (€)
€pH P€= A€J@ .A- v(" ($x §x¼ #H 9"6
: š ($x n < > # & Z#
   $ ($x §x6 D (:)
k© M + H& œ !< O !L    $ S @ §x6 LV (;)
9 Q M +  @  
      " tL  p v@ i! ($x  "+f (2)
“R€x Ž"€ O ($  !L  @    +  @
 "€+>@    g "=C "("@ L-$  I$&@ Œ=© @
  . > c @ HS  $&
(draft) A"L §x6 - (3)
€(* . B@C iD #  "O =@ i($x ~U © ()
€. €Uo @ i     I^  H B> ! ¥"O
($Uo "  U "
($x ~U ‡ c @ ‡O (•)
H/ '& ‡OU "/@ “¨ ($x ~U ¥"O (0)
:

ij= ? ()


)€c “R€x !< O !L   !& ($x M + #H c#
.($Uo " '& o

+ (4)
€o )c P&R !< O !L   !& ($x 9/ pH P=
E x(@ .9 Q M +  @   k© Z# ($Uo " '&
€  (KBK) 9 ;3  !<* £J M + tL '& pH P=
.&Rf ($Uo £ " o )c    

22
W Q#  4 :9‘
ij= C"W (W)
!"€#$ €F "& ˆ  @ o )c     !& W (:)
 -Å &Rf w "
)€c “R€x     < C / H W ! ˆy@ (;)
w " ˆ 

ij=   (€)
€  §€x¦ €7@ i  ! W o pH P= ¡(
: n < f $=@ iA- v( d 9/ AP \ $= 9"6
 " ! @   "=J M +  (:)
   +   (;)

!"€#$ F " '& ˆ  @ o D*c    “-     !& W iUJ A 22
itU€& €&$F &Rf &8 :tU&) !$\& T   i -Å &Rf w "
(;•
;

L-$@ u$&@ Œ=© @ P&R wcS M +  (2)


  "=C "(" (3)
 " ! W ()
W ~U © (•)

ij= ? ()


€" '& ˆ  @ o )c  W ! = pH P= .U@
.P&R AJ "+  P@ H&@ !" ! kP= 5$ @ .w "

+ (4)
€& L*€c    ! W @  "+> M + I@, pH P=
.gS !L& M + _-& T w "  # P&R

fg
' *   4 :&$
ij= C"W (W)
:B> pH P= "L(
    (* L* !< O  H x !L& / V& (:)
!< €O  ($Uo " H %@ &8 H % !L& D V o-J V& (;)
SQ3R . > EHx 5J "     (* L*

ij=   (€)
w f c #H 9"6

!< O !L& / (SQ3R)   @ -P @ !< O @  ®C @ ‡ .  EHx i$ $ 23
itU& &$F &Rf &8 :tU&) !$\& T   i    (* L*
(;0
2

ij= ? ()


€H x    (* L* !< O  . f kP= EHx 5>
&8 H x H V o-J &Rf ($Uo "

+ (4)
€/ LV Ž"& V . f kP= EHx M + #H _- "/
D €= AJ @ i($Uo " “R%@ &8 “R% "+ !< O !L&
ivP .!< O !L& / V o-J .  kP= 5$ D #
.  !  o ƒ@   . >  o pH P= 5-

fa
j  #    4 :O
ij= C"W (W)
: ( & EO B> pH P= "L(
"€L  €($Uo " '& I@C )c  nHx !<*- ($c (:)
!< O !L&  )U nH  IMMIM
IMMIM "L  * V < @ & . > EHx  + V& (;)

< @ €& . €r " kP=  nHx !<*- n ($x V& (2)
V

ij=   (€)
w >  pH P=

 i METACOGNITIVE V < @ & .  !< O !L&  iQp> ( 5("& 2
( ;4 itU& &$F &Rf &8 :tU&) !$\& T 
3

ij= ? ()


e*6& !< O !L&  nHx !<*- 5> (:)
i. €f kP= EHx " O  !< O !L&  Œ<*- NpHgJ (;)
~ @ +* VC @ w !* ~ 6  'ŒL&  gS
 '& e †

+ (4)
 V < @ & . > EHx . M + _-& pH P=
 ($Uo " I@C )c  <@O Ž$, LV  nHx Ž$&
L + N c# œ n $x ” $UJ V&@ )U nH  IMMIM "L&
.    i5> pH PLV .. f kP= EHx nHx
.!< O !L   !  o ƒ@ i!< O !L&  

fn
v# KW ¦ [+ §   :4
ij= C"W (W)
n $x . > 9 "6  !< O !L&   V V& (:)
     « t&U¡ ƒ& X cV  (PQ4R) N
;4|;0  " 9 tU& &$F &Rf &8
 !< O !L&    (PQ4R) N n $x . > EHx (;)
&8      « t&U¡ ƒ& E cV 
;4|;0  " 9 tU& &$F &Rf

 i !< O !L&    (PQ4R) N n $x . > 9 "6 i† &Y "XJ 2•
(;4 itU& &$F &Rf &8 :tU&) !$\& T 


 (PQ4R) N n $x . > L œ +* n L V& (2)


  « t&U¡ ƒ& E cV   !< O !L&  
|;0  " 9 tU& &$F &Rf &8   
;4

ij=   (€)
(Quasi Experiment) . dH7 pH $= pH P= tL&@

ij= ? ()


=@ . !< O  “Rx !L& /  V . f kP=
EwOF ­ >@ !"+ @ w !* ­ >  “Rx !L& 
.k"OU@   !$$ VC ›H @   U$e @ $

+ (4)
!< O !L&    .  kP= EHx M + do #H _-
&$F &Rf &8      « t&U¡ H x 
 LV Ž"& V&@ ;4|;0  " 9  tU&
¹>@ iw / !& c  pH(  pH P=@ .!< O  ŒL&
.!< O !L&  P  !<*-    . > ©  pH(

fe
'/ Ž6&*  4 :&$
ij= C"W (W)

M€ + tL€ <$y  w "  # P&R   !L   !& c i"  20
€&$F &Rf &8 :tU&) !$\& T   i(KTSP)  " !"#$ Ž$&
(;4 itU&
•

!L   !& '& +$^ ~U> M + ch 5J pH P= '& M(
!"#$ Ž$& M + tL <$y  w "  # P&R  
!L& / V@   “-  " @ W (KTSP)  "
w " # P&R M + { <R&f

ij=   (€)
~$¹ #H 9"6 @ .(R&D) ($x @ pH ”$U '& pH P=
. " !"#$ Ž$ M + tL M + "   ! ($x
: ( - ($x n $xS Z  @
!<* Ž$&  g D (:)
C !<* D (;)
n$" D (2)
  ! D (3)
 !¡S D ()
  ! (•)
iD #& M + . kP=  @ .. #H 9/ i c "@
.U " . Uo @ iH '& NHo @ E("c  #& B@C

ij= ? ()


!€ €- M€ + c#   !L   !& c 5>
.* @ !"8  

+ (4)
!L   ! = pH Pu U 5$ œ c ! 5>
.w "  # P&R <R&f gS i
0

3$ ,  b$  / `W


£ @ ƒ& @ ˆ  @ I@C pH 5J "¬ iO ±$pH B> W
§€x¦  §OV pH( ¹>@ i!< O !L&     !&  "+> B> "L( 
< r P&R  L  *-@ &/ 4 ' / 0#3   / 6)&? 4/  
.& .  @J O(x    +
.& !L    $  "+f n@, LV iŽSC ¸Ro ±$pH &J@
“Rx ($p "+ $O     !& tUJ "/ "F "H+ d 9/ AP pHV
€   $€ W @, LV iUJ A d N&/ AP pH &J@ .&8
.w "  # P&R & L*c
n/ # i¥"O tL M + "+ "/ Zx "H+ d 9/ AP pH @
P€= 5-@ .w O «$c '(@+ !$g   ic* £" n+$y$& dV
.&R€f €($Uo " '& o )c    !  "+f @, pH
€($Uo £ " &"6 " Z  !$$ !  ($x pH P=@
i"€("8 tL M + "+ "OV i"  d 9/ AP pH &J@ .&Rf
.w "  # P&R wR&f !  "+> M + _-& d@

4@  `€
€pH 5J O n " kP= “pgJ '+ o#H dV N* S & &J
P&R !< O !L   !"#@ c M + _- o#H d N&/ AP
!"€#$ Ž$€& M + tL $=@ " tL <$y  ($Uo  #
-\& xOU ­= 5J -P ("8 5J > .9;4  (KTSP)  
“R€x !"+ N/J žJ = pH P=@ O n " v ˆ©
.    Œ L&@ Œ<*- / 
4

i9 c7t
ij= d 

ij=   `W
¤?; ij= y6?¨ `€
ij= ,4W `
,= 47 `4
,= c)z € )W `ƒ
1

i9 c7t
ij= d 

ij=   ‫أـ‬

€pH O(% =@ .(R&D) ($x @ pH tL& M + pH P= "+


n $€x €pH P= ˆH(@ 24.V ©@ D& ~U M + I$cp  &"6
21
: š ($x n < > # & Z# 
n€€# € p o#H LV N&/@ i("L € " < > |:
L€cwcS €V P€&R M€ + 5H ˆ(Y$ i(Need Analysis)
€ + W#R’ vP- 5$ @ .     u$&@ Œ# @
€o#H 9"6 @ .² L&= @ LV “Rx ­ 7 Ž"& V  
kP€= € @ .!< O !L&  @C “Rx !<*- V HS e(J
€V &"6€ €" Z W#R’ vP- ("L  "
.LcwcS@ ž$e&
€(* @ €(* €& V ;4 tL W#R’ i($x §x¦ |;
$€= €& Ÿf * 6 ˆ  ”R% vP-@ .!< O !L C
.tL Z&
Z# LW @ !< O !L   !  "+r ($x Ç i~ ($x |2
!$$ (

24
Sugiyono. 2008. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R &D. Bandung:
Alfabata. p. 297
21
Direktorat Ketenagaan Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi. 2006. Penelitian
Pengembangan untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran. Departemen
Pendidikan Nasional. Pelatihan Metodologi PPKP dan PTK. p. 8
•

€  !"€#$ o#H N&"/ i(Expert Judgment) H B> p |3


("€O 9$O Œ&  "+>@      I^  H B> c
.n 7f @ n# / <x+>@ ¥$O @
H '& ("O Z# !$$ <xSC ‡pc v 5-@ i‡pc |
.d 7>@
!"€# $ €+$¨ O(% .€ kP= nP€¦ i€U " .€ |•
+$¨ A"H HS @  HO HS tL& M + (One-Group Method)
!€ EHx . kP= N‹@ .(One-Group Pretest-Post test) !"# @
£€O €. !"+ " ?j( ¶ ic* S     +  c
€e(J L&"/@ .c  " !"#$ kP= V Ž"& V HS
.! '+ Lw q V " kP=     "& B>
.HS .U@  n ("O Z# SC ‡pc Ç@ i‡pc |0

¤?; ij= y6?¨ ‫بـ‬

&R€f €($Uo €" '& I@C )c “R% $= pH P= ˆ^


€ B>  "+C kP= O @ .H% ; b $# ="+ 5-@ .5 @V &$F
.H% 2 cV - *V iI$cV
5C €c* P€= o#H nS .(È) I@C c* = pH P= +@
€ # kP=  >  =o-J ( }@ * ¼   n* S u dV “Rx
. "

ij= ,4W ‫جـ‬

: š pH n @J o#H N&"6


•:

(Observation) w5/ ‫ـ‬١


€# d &$ & @ d ¡ d-  A 5Uf L&"6( O(% =
ˆ€8 W#R N&"6 @ 3.d+ ˆU & @J k"=\U & IRS '&  ¡S ˆ¬
.5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo "       '+ nUH
(Questionnaire) =? ‫ـ‬٢
xH & EwO#@ nU@ n&$ & M + I$cp  &<R& ! J 5H ¡(
 €VC "+ H/ '& L+ f Z x(  ®C '& "+ \ 9"O(@ iD& ˆ/ $
:'+ n&$  ˆ8 5H P= 9"6 @ 3:.5H ”$y$’ D
!€ S u$&@ Œ# @ @C LV&@ P&R wcS :W
u H
€&$F &R€f ($Uo "     £"& '& ("O :‘
/\ @ 5 @V
€ " !"#$ 5$e& '+      I^  H nO  :9‘
   +  V ! 5$ =P* n 7f @ c
(Test) =?O ‫ـ‬٣
n"€+J (9$€ @J $g @J - @J ($*7  ®J) n o '& +$^ $=
€& H  @J & / @J &  x( $=@ .& -$  *- @J - O(x ƒO
€© H/ !< O !L&  P  !<*- £O 9"6& HS @ 3;.«$p* 
P&R Hx& E(% '+ v Ç@ .LV Ž"& d&  i="@ c !
.d + nH(" +@ L + ¯@& {+ U !< O
3
:31 « i d*U ˆ
« i(:140 iA€*   :5+) dHJ | d @J|d&$L*& i  pH i5@Sq@ n "H+ 5/@ 3:
:;:
3;
:0 « i d*U ˆ
•;

,= 47 ‫دـ‬

:= pH P=  nUH c& 5>


     I^  H |:
" kP=     £"& |;
5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " '& I@C )c “R% |2
Z€ @ ;4 € €  !"#$ Ž$& M + tL '& Ew¸$ |3
ŽSC   Z @ "

,= c)z € )W ‫ـ‬

w€c#f € p 9"6 io#H L + N c# œ nUH  p@


.($w " (Descriptive Statistic Analysis) *g$
w5/ J ,= c)z –_
.W#R ZU $ '& ZU -  *g@ W#R nU N #
=? J ,= c)z `E
($€c *g@ ! $ª H @  '& 5H nU o#H N #@
: ( - pH P=  ! ¥$O ¡  9"6 @ .! kP= $ª Lw q
; I@"8
H @  5H '& ! ¥$O ¡ 
t~ c7j?  ?
" ‡y @ / " Z& /" " i |3i
‡y @ /Z& /" 3i |2i:
I$HO& 2i |;i•
/U ;i1 |:i0
" /U :i•1 |:i
•2

=?O d? J ,= c)z `f


 ($€x ~U> © .U '& o#H L + N c# œ nUH N #@
€/ €  '& "u M + I$cp  Œ<*-@ ! kP= V V HS
: š O(x !< O !L&

_FF% X '  s 6¨ : &/ ' 


€> s 6¨

:2 I@"8   ( - pH P=  !¡ @ &"6 n*g $ &J


2 I@"8
HS  “Rx twU £/  !¡ @ &"6 n*g $

= t~  =


€= `.  " " % 1 ≤
Q$€€V €€&@ %• " % 13 | % 4
." & Z# I$HO& % 01 | % •
/U % •3 | %
" /U % <
•3

y$# c7t
L\/&@ L  @ nUH ¯+

  ? c)z {#; `W


  ? + `€
•

y$# c7t
 ?+  ))z ,= {#;

  ? c)z {#; `W


 ))z !67? J ,= {#; `_
'& I@C )c P&R !< O !L   !"#@ c '& o#H N‹
M€ + “€ P€= 'e(@ . " 9 '& †o c*  ($Uo "
ˆ& C !<* @ !<* &@ £" P* @ “ '+ 5H @ )(
.ˆ  @ n * w/@ nH(" '& +$^@ w O «$c @ n 7‘
i( $u '+ ±"p( I@C £" .D M +  " !"#$ kP= A$h@
: š $&C £ - \(@ . @ L '+ ±"p( †o £" @
!<* @ !<* &@ ”$y$ @ £" / LV Z( &"O& p*g :W
.£" '& n 7‘ @ C
L€ Z€ @ i€  $g 7  ¯ œ !"("8 n * :‘
.!"("8 n *
$ €c# œ n * v †’ “Rx dV ÃK 5J 'K AP I@"8 :9‘
$c W#R& '& @J </"gC ˆ& \/ '& @J £" `7 '& L +
.n * w/  L+ ±$pH '& @J
: š $&C '& 5$ œ L*U  " !"#$ :&$
. #C ˆ  R\& Z( AP w O  (J)
M€ + Z(" @ n * “ @ <@O L* O  nH(" (“)
'& S o& I7C +$& nH(" NU-@ .(L8 !< O
••

'€+ €f @ Ê * <R&>@ jx @J ‡pc S @ !"


kP€= '& - H/ -P @ .=T@   $c g$ @  ®C
.Z(" P² L + I$cF   œ n 7‘ c* nH("
¯€ # i%H O(x 5$(@ iZ- '+ pH (~)
›H€ ="€ ?j( ¶ £@"  '& !$Sj  o&C @J
.L& gR @
"/ AP Z- M + EHx  Ê * <R&r Z- M + Z(" ()
.“Rx d 
@J €c/ I€7J  £ - (ž  Z œ Vyf nH(" :O
V€yf nH(" kP= E  @ .$ (- @J =V @J %O&  -
E¸$ B> Vyf nH(" kP= "Œ@ .“Rx d  AP ”$y$
.h     '($ @ £@"  &@ dHo @ “Rx LV

€L + N c# & M + !"& o#H Lg œ  " !"#$ NU-@


n * S "+ gS iW#R @  HO HS @ 5H '& o#H
Z @ .=T@ &C <‚J@ 'L ” $UJ@ ( $u ” $UJ@ “Rx <‚J o&
. L + "($ @ u H("     " !"#$ kP=  & @C ˆ
.3 / Ep  WU
•0

 ))z w5/ J ,= {#; `E


€      + W#R’ o#H N&/ i " !"#$ c H/
£" @ “Rx o#H NW#@ .5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " 
kP€= tw€U NU-@ .L w@@   c $@@ @"    $ @
H€ ¥$€O ZJ@  w$ @ ƒ(" Q% S J W#R
ˆx z# iV c  " !"#$ ¥"O ² 'K # iD " I $#j
.!< O !L&  “Rx !<*- / 5J

 ))z €> w5 J ,= {#; : W


n"$V iLV L- 7 @    +  “Rx . o#H NW#
£"€ d/ & B> $V i     !H- HT u “Rx ¤ 5J
I€+>@ nH("€  €#@x  ®C > '& @&J ’ $ +@ d $= @
i   o- DL& T “Rx ¤ i'@ . L> &"O Ë nH $
@J €    LHT  O P= ’@ .   $  @ dw/"gJ ˆ& $¸"pV
€" '€& 5$€6& =o-J “Rx 5C i@" ! LV  L*e
.($Uo " kP=  >    $ ( }@ & x$

 ))z ž / w5 J ,= {#; : ‘


9"6€(@ i€ €     !7H O(x 9"6( £" 5-
€   $€ £" `\V .“Rx L> ~h D# L*\  O(x
“$ €j     o&C £" x( i o&C <O>  vP-@ .  
€(#C @J UqO n(š £O@ e @   <x+r@ o @ )g$
LV £" k"cO( & LV L& “Rx ˆx( z# i“Rx Ž" V@ ($H
. "
•4

!$H€ o& i        w$ £" 9"6( "/@


A$       “Rx ( "/@ .$c @ <7C n @@ 7Hx @
.¯ YL 9 "6@
9$O( @ LH/  ²O@ u$# \K@    ²Rx £" c(@
   + IRS !c/ c/ @J =V £" O ( "/@ . (@ L&&J ZpV
.   Y>@      “Rx X ”*  ² 'K #
"€ A(p HS £" 9/ i   '& “Rx d c# & ¥$O@
€f @J !"€ '& S !$g  HS 5-@ ."# @ ”$y$& 9S
nH(" “Rx I+J M + e(J ¥$O  £" "+ iv ZUÅ@ .!cO
€Ë nH $ u+J M +@ nH("  - @J   “  !$$
. " !.# S     +  L- 7 M +@

 ))z 6)&? 4 / w5 J ,= {#; : 9‘


B> £"€ ˆ(@ .C   c-   H- £" 9"6(
:L& Z !"+
'& I@C )c  !<* £J M + wO tL <$y     “- (J)
! Y@ k€\U@ 5@€Sq@ Ž"€u S d*J AP &Rf ($Uo "
€T “ P=  w O «$c NU-@ .; 9+ (" 5@‘\
œ ;3 d tL  !O n+$y$ = Œ+$y$&@ .L -  \&
!@"€, “ P=  !< O M + nH(" @ (" $&C o- E 
. ®C >@ Ê * <R&>@ jx @J ‡pc S !$g M +
€ AY € pV $-" C d*J AP " v  " “ (“)
†"€& 5€U> -€$V ˆ€Hx& k\U ¶ . „g $J $-" @
P€&R       “ P@  “- “ P= . --$(
•1

€LV UO&  P $g “ P=  NU-@ .&Rf ($Uo "


nH(" @ .² E  @J “Rx L  œ n+$y$ '+ ±"p c/
 @ 8 I->@ I@"8 <R&> !$g M + L& +$& LV !$$
L - Z L + nH(" @ LV w O «$c @ .=T@  ®C >@
£€J M€ + w€O tL M + + “$& “ P=@ . \&
€ . € ~@_ (CTL) / S" ;3  !<*
.(Active Learning) I*
&R€f €($Uo £ "     i $& (" nH("  - (~)
'X€ € S L*J œ I@C )c  ;• 9+ tL& <$y  & @
M€ + !"&   kP=@ .tU& A&  ˆHx& =\U@ 5@Sq@
€($  n L Z#   kP= NH-@ . ;4  "("8 tL
<€O - @ in <O !"+ B> LV @"    $ O @ .C
”$€y$ O & $g “ P= @ .² Zx M + ZŸ !<*-
LV !< O M + nH(" @ . \& T Z LV !< O  $&@ .£@"
€  kP= 5J T . ®C >@ !" '& S !$g  5$
U- L& '($-P D  Vy> N&"6 L i"("8 tL H&
.¥"O tL <$y  D$&

 ))z  ) 6)&? 47/ 4 ' w5 J ,= {#; : &$


"# @ “- H '& ( ¹>@ i "# @   - Z% - v K 
.“Rx '& "# @ - L V inH("  - > i'ÌH³x 
o& L& !* 'K !o-   w@ &Rf ($Uo " kPu@
.=T@iA$   “$F @ . @ ¯ YL
0

 ))z =? J ,= {#; `f


 ))z €> =? J ,= {#; : W
“R€x B> 5H o#H N+Y@ i " !"#$ c 9O H/
;4 iNH€ 9$€(  5H N+Y@@ .    Œ#@ u $#J V
€   $€ €S  €J 5H P= twU NU-@ .;1 ( ¡V
€c € " !"#$ 5$ Œ#@ u $#j H LK"O . >@
:5H twU  ( V@ .!< O !L&  gS i  Œ<*- /  V
c=3?6) €> " ?O § u6;] (‫)أ‬

€S P= 5-@ .HO  D"& $U$( 5j “Rx W& S


% 1i: @ i<€H%J $€U$( 5J 5@"(( L& % ;: @ .“Rx ˆ '& % 3;
!€-  DH+ $U$( 5J 5@"(( L& %•i:@ iD%7 $U$( 5J 5@"(( L&
$€U$( 5J 5$ e*( L& %•i:@ iÍ]-Î $U$( 5J 5@"(( L& %•i:@ i9"O
.ŽSJ 'L& L& %1i: b $# 5@Sš S @ i ©
J   u6;W (‫)ب‬

iNH  %4i;4 i $= % :•i0 L(" @ I+J 5j “Rx “J
£"& %:i• @ U& %:i•@i&$# )‰$& %•i:@ i¬ %•i:@
.=T@ `R* @ £F @ \H Ew- %;i;: b $# ŽSJ 'L&@
€> ,  " (‫)ج‬

%:i•@ i9"€O !- 5$Hh L& %:•@ i!< O 5$Hh “Rx '& %2
5$€Hh L& %:i•@ i#H 5$Hh L& %:i•@ i 5$Hh L&
L€& %:i3@ i!wx ! 5$Hh L& %:i•@ iMO$ B> ”
%;i: Zh@ . " “$- 5$Hh L& %3i:@ Y*  !"=\& 5$Hh
.=T@  # @   !-@ \( !- o& ŽSJ n( $= L&
0:

  €> ,t)O (‫)د‬

i€& x$ @ w " £ " '& 5$6& “Rx '& %0i•• 5>
x€$ £ " @ & w " £ " '& 5$6& L& %;i;3@
x€$ @ €w " £ "€ '& 5$6& L& %:i1@ .&Rf
£ " @ &Rf w " £ " '& 5$6& L& "#J @ i&Rf
.& x$
9  / 2   $#& () €> !)&* ()

i€($Uo "  Ž$      Ep "/ “Rx '& %•i0
£ "€&@ €(" £ " '& &>@ ix$ @J w " £ " '& &>
.($Uo " kP=  >    $ (  L& %3i3;@ .5qO
$#& () !)&* 2 €> y@4 (‫)و‬

("€F @ ¥€ 5q€O L*    5$ ( “Rx '& %0i0
€¸p  €   5$ ( L& %:i•@ i ¸  Z @ )(\
'€& !€& žC §OV    5$ ( L& %;i:4@ i  “pgj
.($Uo " kP=  @"    $
$#& () !)&* 2 €> =‹ (‫)ز‬

€  o- 5$Hh L& %:i1@ i   5$Hh “Rx '& %31i21
@ .ž$€e H( @ ž$Hh  AJ i! 5@\( L& %i:@ i
.LHh @    ¤ H( L& "#J
 6 @ $#& ™ 7 0#3 €>  + (‫)ح‬

%;i:@ iw  LLV@  «$c JO( 5J ˆx( “Rx '& "#J 
$J L& %0i0;@ iLLV@  «$c !< / o- 5$x( L&
.§/ LLV@ Œ< / 5$x(  L& %:i:;@ .ž$x( "/ žj
0;

! t)  / #3 4/   (‫)ط‬

"€  L žj L& %2 “J@ iLLV L žj L& %•i0 ŽJ
.&$L*& T žj I/ L& %2@ LLV  O L& %3i2• ŽJ@ .LL*
 ); ,= ?  / 0#3 4/ $ &7 ' 4 (‫)ي‬

@€7 L&%• i•@ i " Hg @"  $ 5J L& %;i:4 ŽJ


. "  L žJ ŽJ "#J @ iL$L @7 L& %;: i;@ i!
 / #3 4/ $S' (‫)ك‬

€ P žj L& %:i;: “J@ i P žj $/ “Rx '& %2• i3
. P T žJ ŽJ L& "#J @ .! @7 L& %i:@ i "
 / 4/ s * (‫)ل‬

€V- €žJ L& %4i04 ŽJ@ i”$ !"7  žj L& %;i:4 ŽJ
@" ! ”$ 9" ŽJ "#J @ i”$  O ŽJ L& %2@ ”$
0#3 ™ 7 uDW 2 €> 0' (‫)م‬

€@ i!c/ c/ 7  «$c 5$ 5j “Rx '& %3 
 «$c 5$ 5j L& %i3;  J@ iO& 7  5$ 5j L& %:
. $F o& ŽSJ I7J  5$ 5j L& %i0 @ . =V 7
0#3 :); ,= ? uDW 2 €> 0' (‫)ن‬

.jx @J ‡pc D S 7  5$ 5J “Rx '& %4i2  J


5J L& %;2  J i!" '& S 7  5$ 5J L& %24 i  J@
.ŽSJ I7J  5$ 5J L& % 0i0  J@ .? P HS 7  5$
ž /  l? § | ? #x (‫)س‬

=&j( ¶ L( ¶ ! JO( 5- £" 5j $J “Rx '& %0i4
£" 5j $J L& %4i3@ .!< O !L&    nH(" @J  ®C r
02

“€C 9"6€ dUj L& %:i0 “J@ ./* ˆ& \/ “$ J 9"6
.6 - ŽSJ O(% S dU> L& %3i; I/@ .L   ($ 
¤?d*#? | ? #x 2 €> 0' (‫)ع‬

!€ !< O =@ i L"& L&"6 "/ œ O(x L& %•i;4 S
. €> @€S L& %3i;:@ .L + nH("  @ L @
i!< €O   ($  “C @S L& %;i3@ i/* ˆ& \/
.L   c/ @J =*- ŽSJ . > @ J L& %4i3@
0#3    !)&* 2 6)&? c  [l? (‫)ف‬

.!< €O   w    w$ 9"6( 5- £" 5j ZŸ "#J 
€  w€$ o- 9"6 £" 5j “Rx '& %:i1 “J@
.L&"6(  "/@ L&"6( "/ dUj L& %;0 i2 “J@ .!< O  
.!< O   &"6& T   w$ 5j L& %•i•2 “J@
0#3 !)&?  '#/ 6)&? c  s W (‫)ص‬

$€g L€& %3i3 @ i<7C n @ 9 "6 L& %0i;: 


.ŽSJ w@ L& %; i; @ in/xH L& %0i;: @ . 
ž /  l? § ¡ 3? œW (‫)ق‬

L& %i• “J@ .(L  !< O / dUj L& %:i;: “J
d€Uj I€/ L& 4i:@ . $ O   ®C f A(p HS / dUj
.L*7 #@x  ®C r- Sq “$ j L& %•i; “J@ . 6
0#3 2 €> 0t- ž3  '#/ ¡ 3? œW (‫)ر‬

%i;  J@ .€(L8 !< O ¥$O 5$( 5J “Rx '& %i;;  J
6  5$( 5J @ J L& %:@ iA(p HS 5$( 5J L&
. @ L*\ HS- ŽSJ ZJ L& %:  J@ i
03

 ))z ž / =? J ,= {#; : ‘


 €   "& B> 5H ˆ& o#H L&"/ i c Ç 5J "@
°("O M + I$cp  5 @V &$F &Rf ($Uo " '& I@C )c
: ( & d.wU@ .;1 (J ; iNH 9$(  L> 5H 9"/@ .L +
g uh
$#& () ž  J =? ?
$ ']  ? # 3? #~; œ ' !+#
a g f E _ # 3?
V n$" `$y@ 5$e& :
V tL Z !"#$
V D " Z  "
V Ž$ Q"g
V  " !"#$ w@O&
V L/@  " !"#$ 
V $c 
V nH(" (*-
V  " !"#$  P
V  " !"#$ ”$
V d. >@ !"#$ ¥"O Q% S pg . > ;
V   w$ S pg ¥"O
V d @J@ ¥$O ZJ S pg !"#$
V LH  @  " !"#$ W pg ¤( 2
V  P !$/ <x+> !"#$
V  " !"#$ 9 "6  `$y@  "
V LO&@ @F 9 "6 7 3
V (lay out) §x6 §x¦
V (illustration) ($c !"#$
V (color composition) '($   "

a uh
$#& ()   J =? ?

$ ']  ? # 3? #~; œ ' !+#


a g f E _ # 3?
V
n$" `$y@ 5$e& :
V
tL Z !"#$
V
D " Z  "
V
Ž$ Q"g
V
 " !"#$ w@O&
V
L/@  " !"#$ 
V
$c 
V
nH(" (*-
V
 " !"#$  P
V
 " !"#$ ”$
V
d. >@ !"#$ ¥"O Q% S pg . > ;
V
  w$ S pg ¥"O
V
d @J@ ¥$O ZJ S pg !"#$
V
LH  @  " !"#$ W pg ¤( 2
V
 P !$/ <x+> !"#$
V
 " !"#$ 9 "6  `$y@  "
V
LO&@ @F 9 "6 7 3
V
(lay out) §x6 §x¦
V
(illustration) ($c !"#$
V
(color composition) '($   "

:tw *
" /U ::
/U :;
- :2
‡y @/Z&/" :3
" ‡y @/ " Z&/ " " :

œ€  " !"#$ 5J  O* D" 5J ŽJ iDO D@"8 '&@
I $#j€@ tL LH (*-  vP- O* @ .Œ$"& py @ o#H Lg
L@  " !"#$ w@O& 5$ 5j e(J O* @ .Ž$ Q"g @ D "
€ P  * S L@ .!" L+$ @ ŒH(" (*-@ L$g @ L/@
.!" žj " nJ@ iV- žJ £" ŽJV i " !"#$
€S 5j 5" O* i " !"#$ ¥"O .  E ( V@
€  w€$ S (*-  O* vP-@ ." d.  @ LK"O Q%
ŽJV .d @J@ ¥$O ZJ S pg M + °("O  * S L@ iLK"O
€žJ nJ " '@ i!"@ H& !6 Œ @J@ ¥$O ZJ 5j £"
.V-
€*V .LxOU ˆ  °("O ) S i " !"#$ ¤( #U '&@
€" nJ@ i"€ W @J Z  5j £" ŽJ LH  @ LW pg
iL€(*- £" ŽJ i  “   P !$/ <x+r E ( V@ .d(*-
ŽJ i " !"#$ 9 "6  `$y$ E ( V@ .!" žJ " nJ@
.‡y @ 9 "6  5J " nJ@ i`$y$ V- dUJ £"
00

@€F 9 "6€ 5j€ O* i " !"#$ §x¦ 7 #U '&@
ŽJ€V .'($€  @ ($c @ §x6 #U  Lw q ) S @ . - LO&@
.H&@ py @@ !" žJ " nJ@ iV- ¸Ro §O kP= 5J £"
g kP= '& "# @ c+ 9" I$O 'K iDUH '(P= '& /RxU
("€O "O& L& "#J "$  - . " /U @J /U ("O 5" ="/
. " "
:_& P= o#H N&"6  5H twU '& " " £O@

=? d? s 6¨ = &/ ' 


9/ d?

:$= £" '& 5H tw " " 5$ @

3i2 =
•1 = " "
;
€  € " !"#$ 5$ pH P=  ¡  ƒ/ >@
5$€V " '& 5H tw " " &J@ .£" AJ "+ u =3/
: ( -

•i2 = 02 = " "


;

." AJ  '    " !"#$ 5$V


04

 ))z Ž=} =? J ,= {#; :9‘


€  I^  '(H B> o#H L&"/ i " !"#$ c 5J "
C @ A"*(>  ‘V "XJ C °@ .ŒO  @ Œ ("O M + I$cp  
:5H twU b@ .tU& &$F &8   "& U-@ .5HL&
• I@"8
$#& () !)&* u¨ 2 u] Ž=} J =? ? ‫ـ‬١
$ ']  ? # 3? ©3 œ ' !+#
a g f E _ # 3?
V n$" `$y@ 5$e& :
V tL Z !"#$
V D " Z  "
V Ž$ Q"g
V  " !"#$ w@O&
V L/@  " !"#$ 
V $c 
V nH(" (*-
V  " !"#$  P
V  " !"#$ ”$
V d. >@ !"#$ ¥"O Q% S pg . > ;
V   w$ S pg !"#$ ¥"O
V d @J@ ¥$O ZJ S pg  "
V LH  @  " !"#$ W pg ¤( 2
V  P !$/ <x+> !"#$
V  " !"#$ 9 "6  `$y@  "
V LO&@ @F 9 "6 §x¦ 7 3
V (lay out) §x6 !"#$
V (illustration) ($c  "
V (color composition) '($ 
01

:tw *
" ‡y @/ " Z&/ " " : ‡y @/Z&/" :3 - :2 /U :; " /U ::

: ( - I@C H '& ("O twU  6V iE I@"8 B> WU
.tL ! Z E ( V H ="/ ' '  NU- (J)
:=@ i c+ :3  L&"/ '  NU- (“)
n$" `$y@ (:)
D " Z (;)
Ž$ Q"g (2)
 " !"#$ w@O& (3)
 " !"#$  $c  ()
 " !"#$  P (•)
ƒ(" Q% S pg (0)
w$ S pg (4)
W @ Z  pg (1)
9 "6  `$y@ (:)
LO&@ @F 9 "6 (::)
§x6 (:;)
($c (:2)
'($  (:3)
:=@ ig+   L&"/ u =3  NU- (~)
L/@  " !"#$  (:)
nH(" (*- (;)
 " !"#$ ”$ (2)
4

d @J@ ¥$O ZJ S pg (3)


 P !$/ <x+>@ ()
' k+ @J k+ " k"/ ("O P= g+ '& c+ "$( } ()

0 I@"8
$#& () !)&* u¨ 2 v9 Ž=} J =? ? ‫ـ‬٢
$ ']  ? # 3? ©3 œ ' !+#
a g f E _ # 3?
V n$" `$y@ 5$e& :
V tL Z !"#$
V D " Z  "
V Ž$ Q"g
V  " !"#$ w@O&
V L/@  " !"#$ 
V $c 
V nH(" (*-
V  " !"#$  P
V  " !"#$ ”$
V d. >@ !"#$ ¥"O Q% S pg . > ;
V   w$ S pg !"#$ ¥"O
V d @J@ ¥$O ZJ S pg  "
V LH  @  $ W pg ¤( 2
V  P !$/ <x+> !"#$
V  " !"#$ 9 "6  `$y@  "
V LO&@ @F 9 "6 §x¦ 7 3
V (lay out) §x6 !"#$
V (illustration) ($c  "
V (color composition) '($ 
4:

:tw *
" ‡y @/ " Z&/ " " : ‡y @/Z&/" :3 - :2 /U :; " /U ::

: ( - †o H n ("O twU  6V iE I@"8 B> WU


LO&@ @F 9 "6 E ( V ="/ ' '  NU- (J)
:=@ i c+ :2  ="/ '  NU- (“)
n$" `$y$ E ( V (:)
tL  " !"#$ Z (;)
Ž$ Q"g (2)
nH(" (*- (3)
 " !"#$  P ()
d. >@ ƒ(" Q% S (•)
w$ S (0)
d @J@ ¥$O ZJ S (4)
LW @  " !"#$ Z  (1)
 P !$/ <x+> (:)
§x6 E  (::)
($c (:;)
'($  (:2)
:=@ ig+ •  ="/ u =3  NU- (~)
D "  " !"#$ Z (:)
 " !"#$ w@O& (;)
L/@  " !"#$  (2)
 " !"#$  $c  (3)
4;

 " !"#$ ”$ ()


 " !"#$ 9 "6  `$y@ (•)
' k+ @J k+ " k"/ ¥$O g+ '& c+ "$( } (4)

:$= I@C H '& 5H tw " " 5$ @

4i2 = 0• = " "


;

.'     ! 5$ pH P=  ¡  ƒ/ >@
: ( - 5$V †o H '& 5H tw " " &J@

0i2 = 0 = " "


;
.†o H AJ "+ '     ! 5$ @
€o#H Lg œ  " !"#$  nO  &"/ in ("O kP= ZUÅ
: ( & L&
Q€ Ox&@  P $c 5$ z# / @@ +$& $c 5$ 5J (J)
u $#J@ “Rx
L* @ !< O   L@ py @ ! 5$ wR&f @ ($  <xSC  O 5J (“)
  !"& py @ “  & @C 5$ 5J (~)
i+€8 Z(" o& +$& Zj LOHx 'K nH(" © 5J@ ()
.=T@ i/* ˆ& Z(" @ iA* Z(" @

!"€#$ ‡p€c  o#H  n# / nO  @ n ("O kP= 5$ @
.!< O !L&  “Rx !<*- /  V o-J 5$ c  "
42

 ))z =?O J ,= {#; |3


 ))z .)=3 =?O d? J ,= {#; : W
 Œ<€*- V “Rx HS o#H N&/ i c  + < > H/
M +  @  !< / M + =&j( 5j v 5-@ .LLV@  «$c !< /
€ " !"#$ c J HS P= twU NU-@ .k" #@x  ®C
: HO HS  L.wU I@"  ( V@ . u $#J@ Œ"O H
G uh
.)=3 =?O 2 €> ?
ˆ~  s 6¨ 0#3    2 œ> 0t- œ> ! !+#
'    " 4  € W
" /U :4      : 3 3 !Y !$*+ :
" /U :1       • 4 )C ) "XJ ;
" /U 23     :; : • • A 9RU A"UJ 2
" /U 21     :; : 4 3 UJ 3
" /U ;;     • : ; 3 ($&  
" /U 2 0    • : 4 3 *J A$( •
" /U ;;      : • • Ï / $U £K 0
/U  0    :; : 4 4 V$U (> 4
/U • 0   :• • : 4 4   !"wV 1
" /U :3      : ; ; d\U(V AV :
/U  0    :; : 4 4 '(" " @= ::
" /U ;3     • : 3 3 k( tU (> :;
" /U 1       ; ; [+ $U !* :2
" /U :2       3 3 UJ ÏL( &O :3
/U 2 0    :; ; 4 • /Y * S :
" /U :1     •  3 3 !"VC   :•
" /U ;3     • : 3 3 #*   :0
43

" /U ;3      ; ; ; F   :4


" /U 3 0    :; : 4 4 Fc (_& :1
" /U ;3      : 4 • /  ", ;
" /U ;1      : 4 • )*+ ", ;:
" /U 24     :; : 4 4 b _T ", ;;
" /U :•      : ; 3 A"X ", ;2
/U 3 0    :4 : • 4 A@ V$U ;3
I$HO& • :3 4   :; : 4 4 # $U ;
" /U ;0 0    • : ; ;  eV $U ;•
/U 0 0 4   • ; 4 4 F $U ;0
" /U ;•     :; : ; ; & V ¬J $( ;4
I$HO& 03  4 4 :• • ; 4 4 Fc   œ ;1
" /U 1       ; ; † ¡&J & 2
" /U 2     :; : 3 3 U@ A 2:
" /U 2;     :; : • 3 O$ A 2;
" /U ;;      : • • ?@.V V 22
:00 00 ;3 4 2; ;3 24 :4; :0 " ”$^
:5H
(G × :) !< O pg : J
(G × :) !< O /R% : “
(a × 3) ‰$*  n&$  Ÿ> : ~
(n × 2) ‰$*  T n&$  Ÿ> : 
(G × ;) !O*  !* Ÿ> : €=
(G × :) ”$y$ D : @
(G × :)  6 : Y
(e × ;) n * “ : `

:?C  o#H N&"6 @


ˆ~  c7j? Q ?
" " 1 ≤
" 13|4
I$HO& 01|•
/U •3|
" /U ٥٠ >

:B>  HO HS  “Rx twU )c 'K iE I@"8 B> WU
Z% ; uU ' k+  (J)
“R% • uU k+  (“)
5H% uU u =3  (~)
' '@ '  IU "#J  ()
Ny+ -  HO HS  “Rx twU '+    V py$
:?š I@"8  o#H
1 I@"8
 HO HS  “Rx tw   
 = ˆ~  €> 4; '  @  z
% " "  1 ≤
% "  13|4
%:i• I$HO& ; 01|•
%;i:4 /U • •3|
%i0 " /U ; ٥٠ >
%: 22 ‫اع‬

€ " !"#$ EHx H/ !< O M + “Rx !"/ 5J ‡e i= '&@
:?š _& 9 "6 v@ .%•3i2; o#H Lg œ

%: × " ”$^ = " "


€> s 6¨

%•3i2; = %: × :00 =


22

!"€/ 5J ( ipH P=  9"6  " kP= NU$/ >@


.' k+ Ž$& M + c   ! EHx H/ !< O !L&  “Rx
E€Hx €H/ E ¥$O g+ '& c+ -  “Rx !<*- V@
:?š _& o#H N&"6V ic !

%: × " ”$^ = " "


o " ”$^

 L€W#R& '€K ¥$O g+ '& c+  " " 5$ @
.: I@"8
40

_F uh
.)=3 =?O 2 ¡ 3? #~; c- 2 €> 0t &/ ' 
ˆ~   = #~&
u =3 %3i•3 = %:×:0 0#3 j~
;•3
u =3 %1i•4 = %:×:4; 0#3 +x
;•3
u =3 %•i0 = %:×24 , )&/ 4ª
•• « t)/
' k+ %2i23 = %:×;3 Ž‹ , )&/ 4ª
13 « t)/
' k+ %:i• = %:×2; #t b&*
;4
' k+ %2 = %:×4 k kl)*
;•3
' k+ %:i1= %:×;3 s 1 / b&*
;•3
' k+ %0i:• = %:×00 ,4#t/ €&?
3•;

 ))z Q&= =?O d? J ,= {#; : ‘


!"€#$ 9 "6 !< O   o#H N&/ iA"H HS 9O H/
€ " !"€#$ kP€= EHx @ . c  + '& o#H L.UJ œ  "
€O/ 1 !"&  = SJ@ (c#) O/ 3 !"&  L& in <O ˆH N/ 
:?š I@"8  - (5c#)
44

:: I@"8
      " !"#$ EHx
£+  4/ ¬ ? /[ 
: (( $=) !"("8 n * ;1 (J ; iNH
; ;|: Z(" @ !< O U ;1 (J 2 iƒ
; 0|2 Z(" ;1 $(& 0 iƒ
: Z- M + Z(" @ Z- ;1 $(& :• iNH
; : Z(" @ (L&)  @ !"("8 n * ;1 $(& ;2 iNH
; •|; Z(" ;1 $(& ;0 i<C
; M + Z(" @ Z- @ 4|0 Z(" ;1 $(& ;4 iƒ
Z-
v Ç@ iA"H HS o#H N&/ i  n  kP= < > "@
d€&  k" #@x  ®C M +  @  !< / M + “Rx &j( 5j
 L.w€U  ( V@ .L@ o#H Lg œ  " !"#$ V Ž"&
:A"H HS
:; I@"8
A"H HS  “Rx twU
ˆ~  s 6¨ 0#3    2 œ> 0t- œ> ! !+#
'    " 4  € W
" 41 0 4 4 :• :4 ; • • !Y !$*+ :
/U 1 0    :4 ; • 4 )C ) "XJ ;
" " : :3 4 4 :• :4 ; 4 4 A 9RU A"UJ 2
" " : :3 4 4 :• :4 ; 4 4 UJ 3
/U : 0    :; ; • • ($&  
41

" " : :3 4 4 :• :4 ; 4 4 *J A$( •


" 12 0 4 4 :• :4 ; 4 4 Ï / $U £K 0
I$HO& 02 :3   :• :; : 4 4 V$U (> 4
" " : :3 4 4 :• :4 ; 4 4   !"wV 1
" 1; :3 4 4 :• :4 ; 3 3 d\U(V AV :
" 44 0 4 4 :• :4 : 4 4 '(" " @= ::
" 4 0 4 4 :• :4 ; 3 3 k( tU (> :;
" " 1• :3 4 4 :• :4 ; • • [+ $U !* :2
I$HO& •4 0   :• :4 : • • UJ ÏL( &O :3
" 12 0 4 4 :• :4 ; 4 4 /Y * S :
/U • 0  4 :• •  4 • !"VC   :•
/U • :3    • ; 4 4 #*   :0
/U    4  • ; 4 4 F   :4
" " : :3 4 4 :• :4 ; 4 4 Fc (_& :1
/U 1 0    :4 ; 4 • /  ", ;
/U 2 0    :; ; 4 • )*+ ", ;:
I$HO& 01 0  4 :• :; ; 4 4 b _T ", ;;
/U ;     :4 ; • 4 A"X ", ;2
" 1: 0 4 4 :• :4 ; • 4 A@ V$U ;3
" " : :3 4 4 :• :4 ; 4 4 # $U ;
I$HO& • 0   4 :4 ; • •  eV $U ;•
" " : :3 4 4 :• :4 ; 4 4 F $U ;0
" 44 :3  4 :• :4 ; • • & V ¬J $( ;4
" " : :3 4 4 :• :4 ; 4 4 Fc   œ ;1
/U      :4 ; • • † ¡&J & 2
" 4 0 4 4 :• :4 ; 3 3 U@ A 2:
/U      :4 ; • • O$ A 2;
/U 0 0    :4 ; • • ?@.V V 22
;04 ;13 :2• :•4 2• 23 •2 ;;4 ;;4 " ”$^
1

:5H
(G × :) !< O pg : J
(G × :) !< O /R% : “
(a × 3) ‰$*  n&$  Ÿ> : ~
(n × 2) ‰$*  T n&$  Ÿ> : 
(G × ;) !O*  !* Ÿ> : €=
(G × :) ”$y$ D : @
(G × :)  6 : Y
(e × ;) n * “ : `

ˆ~  c7j? Q ?
" " 1 ≤
" 13|4
I$HO& 01|•
/U •3|
" /U ٥٠ >

:B> A"H HS  “Rx twU )c 'K iE I@"8 B> WU
' k+  IU "#J  (J)
Z% :: uU k+  (“)
“R% 3 uU u =3  (~)
“R% 1 uU '  ()
“R% 1 uU ' '  (k)
1:

€- A"€H €HS  “Rx twU '+    V py$
:?š I@"8  o#H Ny+
:2 I@"8
A"H HS  “Rx tw   
 = ˆ~  €> 4; '  @  z
%2i;0 " " 1 1 ≤
%2i;0 " 1 13|4
%:i:; I$HO& 3 01|•
%2i22 /U :: •3|
% " /U  ٥٠ >
%: 22 ‫اع‬

€ " !"#$ EHx " !< O M + “Rx !"/ 5J ‡e i= '&@
:?š _& 9 "6 v@ .%:;i04 o#H Lg œ

%: × " ”$^ = " "


€> s 6¨

%:;i04 = %: × ;04 =


22
!"€/ 5J ( ipH P=  9"6  " kP= NU$/ >@
Ž$€&  5$€ c  " !"#$ EHx " !< O !L&  “Rx
.u =3
1;

'K A"H HS  ¥$O g+ '& c+  " " 5$ @
:?š I@"8  LW#R&
:3 I@"8
A"H HS  ¥$O g+ -  “Rx !<* " "
ˆ~   = #~&
' %3i4• = %:×;;4 0#3 j~
;•3
' %3i4• = %:×;;4 0#3 +x
;•3
' ' %i1 = %:ו2 , )&/ 4ª
•• « t)/
' %1i41 = %:א23 , )&/ 4ª
13 « t)/ Ž‹
u =3 %0i•4 = %:×2• #t b&*
;4
u =3 %3i•2 = %:×:•4 k kl)*
;•3
u =3 %i: = %:×:2• s 1 / b&*
;•3
u =3 %0i•2 = %:×;13 ,4#t/ €&?
3•;
12

L.w€U  6V iA"H @  HO HS  “Rx twU D U/ >@


: ( -
_a uh
<O  @ A"H @  HO HS  “Rx twU UO&

'4 ˆ~  =?O ¡ 3? >3 =?O ˆ~ 


03*  Q&= .)=3
%;; ' %3i4• !< O pg %•3 i3 u =3
%i:0 ' %3i4• !< O /R% %•4 i1 u =3
%1i20 ' ' %i1 ‰$*  n&$  Ÿ> %•i0 u =3
%•i ' %1i41 ‰$*  T n&$  Ÿ> %2i23 ' k+
%:i•; u =3 %;i•4 !* D %:i• ' k+
%3i• u =3 %3i•2  6 %2 ' k+
%3i3; u =3 %i: ”$y$ D %:i1 ' k+
%30 u =3 %0i•2 n * “ %0i:• ' k+
%gGmgg u =3 %_EmeG &/ '  %ngmfE ' k+

o-J O  !O*  !* D  “Rx !<*- 5J ( iI@"8 P= '&


€O  €=@  6  “Rx !<*- L (@ i%:i•; $=@ EHx "
 N€U- < $ iR / O V (L  !< /  “Rx !<*- &J@ .%3i•
.(%i:0) L/R% @ (%;;) !< O pg
13

  ? + `€


€L + N €c# œ€  " twU \/’ o#H 9$O ipH P= 
n < €>  H n $x Z# \/ 5$ @ .E pH  Ny+@
.ž  ( V@ .($x

 6?   `_
€o#H nJ “Rx 5H @ " kP=       W#R& '&
€" '€& 5$€6& Le i* ¼   n* S u “Rx 5J
i€($Uo €" P=  >     $O ( }@ & x$
£ "€ @ x€$ L"&     5$ ( 5@Sš Le@
€ €  $€ª L.  e(J 5$* ¢@ .5qO £ "&@ ("
"€Å €ž$ (@ L   5$HT( Le 5V .dV L- 7 @ L  @
5@€\( 5@Sš Le@ i H- &= £" `7 5$L(@ ›\U@
M + 5$gh  @ o- ² 5$L( RV iL+ 5$HT( @ ž$Hh  i!
«$€c !< O LU&>  (V Q@V “Rx  5$( vP-@ .L 
Q@€* kP€= L> 9"O œ ! +  5J "  ivP .LLV@ 
"€/ '€ $L€ o-J@ Dw"H  $g o-J ! 5$ R i(*
.L 
€ +  "€c&@ _-& £" 5J o#H n"@ i£" #U '&@
“Rx &j(@ L(@  JO(@ L+ ¯$T $= & DH(@ ! `\V .  
9 "6€ € / “Rx ŽJ@ .  Z  #@x nH("  M +
€HS o€- £"€ 9"6€ i  c# ¥$O@ .dV   w$
.(L !< /  !< O =&j( "/@ i@" ! '+  ®C r A(p

$€  "€/ '(P “Rx '& !* @ o-J “Rx ­ 7 °J o#H nJ@
. Œ"+@     5$*e( '(P Lw/"gJ     
kP=  &"6   Z 5J o#H nJ i  ! #U '&@
€( $&j€ E  n+$y$ 5$ # ¥"O tL Z# $& "
‡pc D S M + cO( =o-J 5C i+$& T LV !$$ nH(" @
!cO& nH(" '& ” $UC kP=@ i!" '& S @  ®C >@ jx @J
“R€x “"( }@ .‰$*  T@ ‰$*  n&$  Ÿf “Rx Z(" M +
€= (* kP= 5J ˆ& i”$y$ D @  6 @ !O* '& !* D
NU"€ ivP€ .;4  O tL Z# ² " C (*
.¸Ro g kP= #U '& " L

# >? ©>­ `E
$@ °J o#H nJ i HO HS @ 5H @ W#R twU '& /RxU
5J@ . Œ"€/@ Œ# !+ & ˆ& D " I $#j@ tL H !
€  €   LHT@ “Rx 9= ² ˆ* ( # i P ! 5$
.!< O !L&  gS i
!<€* @ !<€* ’ H n$" D o#H N@# i¶ 'V
H€ Ž$ S e(J N&/@ .D " I $#j@ tL  !O C
o#H No vP-@ .Ž$ S (& M + + ˆ  @ c z7 '&
“R€x 9= “P ² 'K # iO ”$y$ Ox   $c '+
nx\ @ ƒ(" ZJ o#H nS vP-@ .!   LHT L‰>@
D " H Œ @J ˆ& ¥$O ZJ@  w$ @   . f @
.£" P*   Ly$

ž  St* c4   5  !67* `f


 !< €O !L  " !"#$ c o#H nJ" i§x6 Ç 5J "
€W (€& Z# LW @   !"#$ Ž$& M + tL <$y
B> €F '&@ iZc B> L '& Ox W LWU@ iŽ$
. P=@ i"O B> §H '&@ i¨
i  “ 7  +$Hx   ! c '& L 5J "@
 5€-@ .LOHx @  " !"#$ kP= ¥"O £" P*  o#H Ny@
&"O '&    +   " !"#$ ¥"O n $x '& ~$ " P=
!* 'K  w$ ” $UJ e(J dV n-@ .9S @ C x\UC @
€LOHx '€K   . f ” $UJ dV n- ivP-@ .L   L&
'& . f ” $UJ S o#H e* @ .c  " !"#$ kP= ¥"O
€o-f (Cooperative Learning) †@  @ (Active Learning) I* 
. L 5@ @    +  “Rx ­ 7

Ž=} J # 3? `g
B> 5H€ ˆ€& L&"/ i " !"#$ c '& o#H N‹ 5J "@
tw€U@ .L + ŒO  @ Œ ("O M + I$cp       I^  H
¤ ­= ' .& L*g  !"  " !"#$ 5J M + N 5H P=
. " !"#$ ‡pc J nO  kP= o#H N @ .L + nO 

®j7? `a
'(H€ n ("€O Z#  " !"#$ ‡pc v " o#H N&/
.ŒO  @
10

/ $#d? `n
!€6 . €f c  " !"#$ kP= EHx o#H N&/
$€c- €] € w€$ !* ˆ& £" P*   !$-P
kP€=  € €  "& B> 5H ˆ& L&"/ iv ZUÅ@ .n/xH @
kP€= 5J M + N 5H P= twU@ .Œ ("O M + I$cp  ($Uo "
P€= 5$€(@ .!"€ " AJ @ $HO& £" AJ   " !"#$
.§ RS RS
€  € +  “Rx ­ 7 o#H NW# iEHx P= IRS '&@
5@(@ o- 5$L( žJ n"$V i     $ª L. @ L&= @
€ " !"€#$ kP€²    + 5$V i›\U@ "Å ž$ (@ L  
. · T h&  + !6 . f @
Ž"€& €V A"€H HS N&/ i LOHx '& o#H N‹ 5J "@
<O  M + I" HS P= twU@ .!< O !L&  “Rx !<*- / LV
 €O  " " NU-@ .LLV@  «$c !< /  “Rx !<*-
M€ + N €c# !O*  !* D  “Rx !<*- NU-@ .¥$O g+ ˆ
n€&$  Ÿ> @  6  “Rx !<*- <O   L @ .o-J <O 
5R€ch  Y€& i 6 @ !* D i5 c 5- L& .‰$*  T
L€ 5C i o€- <O  O   HO HSR H d iI$HO Ž$&
o€ @ £"€ 9€= B> ~€h P=@ . " /U Ž$&  = dV "
. " " @J " Ž$& B> LV “Rx !<*- ² O  iLV nH("

ŽO] ®j7? |0
€HS tw€U@ €  n ("O Z# SC ‡pc o#H N&/
.A"H
14

|} c7t
,5#?3/ ,~ ? ij= ?

ij= ? `W
ij= ,~ * `€
ij= ,5#?3 `
11

|} c7t
,5#?3/ ,~ ? ij= ?

ij= ? `W
€  !"€#@ c '+ L\/&@ L  @ nUH ¯+ M + "&
: ( & pH twV i  !"#$ Ž$& M + tL <$y  !< O !L
tL€ <$€y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> c 5> |:
$#& 0#3 2 €> 0t-   IV L& "6 @ "
N c# # kP=  c  " !"#$ P= V@ . jj7
.' Ž$& M +
€" tL€ <$€y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |;
P= V@ . $#& 0#3 2 €> +x   IV L& "6 @
.' Ž$& M + N c# # kP=  c  " !"#$
€" tL€ <$€y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |2
. « t)/ , )&/ 4ª 2 €> 0t-   IV L& "6 @
M€ + N €c# €# kP=  c  " !"#$ P= V@
.' ' Ž$&
€" tL€ <$€y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |3
Ž‹ , )&/ 4ª 2 €> 0t-   IV L& "6 @
N €c# # kP=  c  " !"#$ P= V@ . « t)/
.' Ž$& M +
:

€" tL€ <$€y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |
c # @] b&* 2 €> 0t- 6*  IV L& "6 @
kP€=  c  " !"#$ P= V@ .k ,#3@ J #3@
.u =3 Ž$& M + N c# #
€" tL€ <$€y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |•
.k s 1  b&* 2 €> 0t-   IV L& "6 @
M€ + N €c# €# kP=  c  " !"#$ P= V@
.u =3 Ž$&
€" tL€ <$€y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |0
.k J ~} y1 2 €> 0t-   IV L& "6 @
M€ + N €c# €# kP=  c  " !"#$ P= V@
.u =3 Ž$&
€" tL€ <$€y  !< O !L  " !"#$ c 5> |4
P€= V@ .,4#t6) €> €&? 6*  IV L& "6 @
.u =3 Ž$& M + N c# # kP=  c  " !"#$

ij= ,~ * `€
&+ D" @  " !"#$ kP= 9"6( ' ng$ ¤  ( V
:    “Rx !<*- / V o-J    + 5$
c @   Z !"+ M +     £" "( 5J |:
"( 5J £"  'h  i"# @ “- 9‹> M + cO( @ iŽSC
”$ Œ"/@ Œ#@ d  I $#j H&   !& d*
.c !"+ B>
::

!"   n%\ @ ƒ(" ZJ £" 9"6( 5J |;


5$( z# * 6 ¥$O ZJ@ +$  w$ D(@
. · T h&  +  
Œ ¡S ˆ($ @ LV& < ¸f nH(" ” $Uj “Rx £" @_( 5J |2
. Œ<*- E¸$ @

ij= ,5#?3 `
:5# / pH P= nV\- M + <
S (& M + +   !& @J   !"#@ A"  H( |:
.  “  "+> ƒJ@ LW @ !
)c P&R !< O !L   !"#@ c M + _-& pH P= |;
  " 9 '& †o c*  &Rf ($Uo " '& I@C
"$ 5J 'pV i(KTSP)   !"#$ Ž$& M + tL <$y
†o )c P&R !< O !L   !"#@ c ŽSJ ±$
  !"#@ c ŽSJ ±$ @J i($Uo " '& o @
5J '#C  .x$ @ w "  # P&R@ ŽSC n L 
    i"# @   cV M + cO& T c 5$(
.!"# @
:;

y'#/ 47/ 6+


:2

y'#/ 47/ 6+

47/
¥ 5qO

$#& y'#/
œ? J y'#/ `W
i    :!=O ioo Hx ikg+@ tL i!+ †$ = > |:
:11:
:14 i(  i    (c+ n+$^ i5@= "XJ '# |;
:5€+ idHJ|d @J|d&$L*& i  pH i5@Sq@ n "H+ 5/@ |2
:140 iA*  
<_€8 iŽSJ n  DO%      ˆ i% "XJ A"7 |3
:14• iŽO 9J & :& & i†o
i5€H H& :n@ mL  @ F n   i{ "¨ "H+ `Rg |
:14:
€ - :tU€& iI@C <_€8 iC  i$%U$@ £F "H+ |•
; itU& (" &8 &Rf n "
DO%         $&  "+> i5 Y$* = > ' 'X "H+ |0
€= :3;4 i²
‘& :¯( iI@C “ iv("( D  i5@Sq@ _______ |4
;2 i&Rf )/$
:3

€       H(" n @" £@ ik¾R&Y@ _______ |1


€= :3;3 i&Rf )/$ ‘& mAW ZU8 i² DO%
n  DO%     ƒ(" Ew % i c = > ' _(_ "H+ |:
;; i&Rf $ ' ", 9&f & :¯( iŽSJ
:11: i $\   m   5$V ƒ(" i$-"& "XJ  + |::
  :c& i†o @ I@C <_8 i‡y $ $p iD&J M*xc&@ 98  + |:;
 5@ i 
i€ €  €  nJ i/ &- $,@ ƒU$(  + pV |:2
:100 iVOo   :!=O
i$ H& :¯( i     Ew % iZx = > ' ", |:3
;2
€&8 :tU€& i !L&  !y i%& '(" )*+ ", |:
;0 itU’ &$F &Rf
:14; i¯( m   ƒ(" ZJ ib$  + ", |:•
€\  `R€*   :5C i€($  n HS i__________ |:0
; iˆ(Y$ @
:142 iV   m   ƒ("  d$ i5  + $, |:4
€  €  C “ i% "XJ A"7@ / &- $, |:1
:142 i ŽO 9J & :& & iŽSJ n  DO% 
ƒ"UC   i†o <_8 i&Rf VOo    i'(" $U `@"· |;
 5@ i< e
    Z  "+> ƒJ il "H+ "F "H+@ b  l "H+ gU |;:
 5@ i9c+   m DO%
:

¯ j= J y'#/ `€
!L&    (PQ4R) N n $x . > 9 "6 i† &Y "XJ |:
&R€f €&8 :tU& i!$\& T   i !< O
;4 itU& &$F
€ # P€&R   !L   !& c i"  |;
€ i(KTSP) € " !"#$ Ž$& M + tL <$y  w "
;4 itU& &$F &Rf &8 :tU& i!$\& T 
ˆ€  @ o D*c    “-     !& W iUJ A |2
€  i -Å &Rf w " !"#$ F " '&
;• itU& &$F &Rf &8 :tU& i!$\& T
  @ -P @ !< O @  ®C @ ‡ .  EHx i$ $ |3
€ i€ €   (* L* !< O !L& / (SQ4R)
;0 itU& &$F &Rf &8 :tU& i!$\& T 
)c “Rx       !< O !L& !& ($x iZx "H+ |
€ i9€ Q€ M +  @   k© <$y  A$Uo o
; itU& &$F &Rf &8 :tU& i!$\& T 
€  “€  !< €O !&   n $xS ”R% iF !<$ · |•
€ €WU €L@ '& '(Sš @ 5 Y$V 'X "H "v("( D  "
€T   iLiteracy Education VOo @  Ž$ &JR
; itU& &$F &Rf &8 :tU& i!$\&
€V < @ €& . € !< O !L&  iQp> ( 5("& |0
€&8 :tU€& i!$€\& T   iMETACOGNITIVE
;4 itU& &$F &Rf
:•

,# ,  ,° J y'#/ `


mdH€J@ d€.=& i€² DO%      i% "XJ A"7 |:
:141 i$(> VOo @ 9$  @   &Rf W n $\& :›
€     ƒ(" Ew % i% "XJ A"7@ / &- $, |;
i$€(> iVOo @ 9$  @   &Rf W n $\& i² DO%
;2

='] y'#/
œ? J y'#/
1. Ainin, M., dkk. 2006. Evaluasi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab.
Malang: Misykat.
2. Arifah, Zakiyah & Nadia Af`idati. 2008. Bahasa Arab Untuk SMA-SMK.
Kelas X dan XI. Malang: Misykat.
3. Effendy, Ahmad Fuad. 2006. Metodologi Pengajaran Bahasa Arab.
Malang: Misykat.
4. Hidayat, D. 2008. Pelajaran Bahasa Arab Madrasah Aliyah Kelas X.
Semarang: PT. Karya Toha Putra.
5. Mulyasa, E. 2006. Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan. Bandung: PT.
Remaja Rosda Karya.
6. Sugiyono. 2008. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R &D.
Bandung: Alfabata.
7. Tim Pustaka Yustisia. 2008. Panduan Lengkap KTSP. Yogyakarta:
Pustaka Yustisia

, / J y'#/ `€
1. Departemen Agama. 2005. Kurikulum 2004: Standar Kompetensi
Madrasah Aliyah Surabaya: Kantor Wilayah Departemen Agama Jawa
Timur.
2. Direktorat Ketenagaan Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi. 2006.
Penelitian Pengembangan untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran.
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Pelatihan Metodologi PPKP dan PTK.
3. Peraturan Menteri Agama RI Nomor 2. 2008. Kurikulum Bahasa Arab
MI MTs MA. Standar Kompetensi Lulusan dan Standar Isi Bahasa
Arab di Madrasah.

You might also like