MODULE I

SHOP PRACTICES & SAFETY

Lesson 1 Occupational Health and

Safety (OHS)

Lesson 2 Shop Practices

Lesson 3 Electrical Hazards and PPE

Lesson 4 Electrical Shop Safety

Precautions & 5S

MODULE I
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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS)

 INTRODUCTION

This module is intended to present the students the basics and

application of housekeeping standards and procedures toward real work
situation. Hence, ensuring the safety and security of every worker/personnel is
the main concern in the pursuit and attainment of success in their own field
that leads to global competitiveness.

It also aims to guide the students in dealing with shop safety practices
and promoting good housekeeping, observe safety precautions in performing
laboratory (electrical) activities, being aware of electrical hazards and
observing the proper usage of different Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Thus, preparing and equipping students with thorough knowledge, skills

and understanding in facing the real field of work.

OBJECTIVES

After studying the module, you should be able to:

1. discuss and generalize the importance of health and safety in the

workplace.

2. discuss and observe the safety precautions in dealing and performing

electrical laboratory activities.

3. describe and being aware of electrical hazards.

4. familiarize and explain the importance of using PPE and maintaining good
housekeeping.

 DIRECTIONS/ MODULE ORGANIZER

There are four lessons in the module. Read each lesson carefully after
which you answer the exercises/activities to find out how well you have
understood the lessons. Submit your output to your teacher/tutor.

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In case of problems, discuss them with your teacher/tutor during the

face-to-face meeting.

Good luck and enjoy reading. ! ! ! . . .

Lesson 1

Introduction
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
AND SAFETY (OHS)

Working in safe and healthy environment is the primary concern

of every worker. The health and safety of persons at workplace depend
on the level of safety awareness of everyone involved that leads to the
success of a company.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is primarily concerned with the

overall well-being of workers by implementing health and safety standards in the
workplace. It is the promotion and maintenance of the well-being of workers in
the workplace. This means creating a risk-free, accident-free, and healthful
environment that will protect the workers.

Specifically, OHS aims to:

1. Promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of every worker.
2. Create a workplace that is conducive to his/her welfare.
3. Remove or minimize possible hazards and risks that are detrimental to
the worker’s health and safety.
4. Promote the highest level of productivity possible when workers are
safe and healthy.

The establishment of the highest possible OHS standards has implications

from a moral, economic, and legal standpoint. Moral because it is every
employer’s duty and responsibility to take care of his/her employees while at
work; economic because it is in the interest of the employer to prevent exposure
of his/her employees from accidents and injuries that will cost the company
hospitalization, other medical treatments, and disability benefits, not counting
the low productivity because of injury; and legal because there are civil and
criminal laws protecting workers and can make the employer legally
accountable.
Health and safety regulations in the workplace include caring and
maintaining the tools and equipment, keeping the workplace clean, having
adequate facilities for personal hygiene of workers, implementing sanitation

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program, and keeping tools and equipment in the storage areas.

THINK!
Why is the health and safety of workers important to the
workers and to the employer?

Lesson 2

 SHOP PRACTICES

Job Safety

Before beginning work in a shop, be sure you are authorized to perform the
work to be done and inspect your tools and equipment. If a procedure is
potentially hazardous to others in the area, warn fellow workers accordingly.
Use warning signs or barriers, as necessary.
Notify your supervisor if you notice any unsafe conditions such as the
following:
Defective tools or equipment
improperly guarded machines
Oil, gas, or other leaks
Inform other employees if you see an unsafe work practice; however, be careful
not to distract a person who is working with power tools.

General Safety Guidelines:

Follow these guidelines for general shop safety:
• Know the hazards associated with your work.
• Be sure you are fully educated on the proper use and operation of any tool
before beginning a job.
• Always wear appropriate safety gear and protective clothing.
• Wear nitrile gloves when cleaning with degreasers or ferric chloride.

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• Ensure that there is adequate ventilation to prevent exposure from vapors of

glues, lacquers, paints and from dust and fumes.
• Maintain good housekeeping standards.
• Keep the work area free from slipping/tripping hazards (oil, cords, debris,
etc.).
• Clean all spills immediately.
• Remove sawdust, wood chips, and metal chips regularly.
•It is recommended that electrical cords pull down from an overhead pulley
rather than lying on the floor.
• Leave tool and equipment guards in place.
• Know where fire extinguishers are located and how to use them.
• Make sure all tools and equipment are properly grounded and that cords are in
good condition.
• Double-insulated tools or those with three-wire cords are essential for safety.
• Use extension cords that are large enough for the load and distance.
• Secure all compressed gas cylinders. Never use compressed gas to clean
clothing or skin.
• Always use flashback arrestors on cutting/welding torches.
• Take precautions against heat stroke and heat exhaustion.
• Wear infrared safety goggles when appropriate.

Lesson 3

 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND PPE

The hazards associated with shop work require special safety

considerations. Whether you work in a metal shop, wood shop,
automotive shop, glass shop, or electrical shop, the potential hazards
for personal injury are numerous.
Hazards – an unforeseen event unfavorable to man. Anything that can
cause harm or accident.

Types:
1. Safety hazard – brought about by poor/unsafe working
conditions, such as no fire exit, no fire extinguishers, poor
lighting and ventilation, unpaved/slippery floors, and unkept
garbage.
2. Physical hazard – refers to those that are readily seen but
oftentimes ignored. These may include too much noise like
when using power tools and equipment, wrong use of
electric- powered tools, exposure to improper wiring and
frayed cords of electrical equipment or machines, poor
lightings of the workplace, radiation, and weather.
3. Biological hazard – can be caused by co-workers who cough
or sneeze and have already been infected or ill.
Contamination is easy if workers work close to each other.

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No regular medical examination and no personal protective

equipment for workers with communicable diseases.
4. Chemical hazard – can be caused when working with
chemicals like paints, varnish and the like that can be
harmful to lungs. The chemicals may enter through the nose,
mouth, and skin of workers.
5. Ergonomic hazard – occurs from long period of sitting down
or standing when cutting, grinding, pressing, and other
related activities. Such hazards may cause pain in the back
and shoulders, eye strain, impact on wrist and hands,
numbness in some parts of the body, and muscle cramps
brought about by poor posture, wrong use of tools, poorly
designed tools that can cause undue stress on the body.
6. Psychological hazard – anxiety and stress due to over
fatigue, poor interpersonal relations, family problems,
pressure to meet the quota of work, pressure from employer,
and congested and unhealthy working environment.
7. Electrical hazard – the type of risk that is more likely fatal
than any other hazards that can happen in a laboratory room
or shop. This may include overload, frayed/damaged cords,
ungrounded tools//equipment.

Controlling hazards is done after careful and thorough

evaluation of the hazards present in the workplace and determining
the extent of risks they pose. Once determined, measures should be
planned and implemented to remove or minimize the hazards.

There are five control measures for hazards and risks.

These include the following:

1. By elimination – This means removing a hazard

completely. For example, a frayed electrical cord may be
removed and replaced by a new wire.
2. By substitution – This is replacing one hazardous agent or
work process with a less dangerous one. For example,
using fabrics treated with environment-friendly chemicals
reduces spread of toxins.
3. Engineering control – This includes changing a work
process, work conditions, or modifying machines used in
working (example: improving the lighting for safe use of
equipment or machine).
4. Administrative control – This means regulating the
number of workers, number of working shift, the working
time, and quota of work.
5. Personal Protective Equipment – This includes working
clothes, masks, gloves, eye protection, etc.to keep
workers from harm.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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-these are devices worn by workers to protect himself/herself

from injury, prevent spread of communicable diseases, and protect
from hazards in the workplace.
These include the following:
1. hard hat or headgear – used in construction sites as
protection from falling debris, objects, construction materials,
etc.
2. Mask – protect nose and lungs from fumes, chemical vapors,
dust pollution, etc.
3. Safety glasses or goggles – protect the eyes from too much
light, fumes, electrical sparks, and flying particles.
4. Over-all or Cover-all – working clothes to protect the body
from dirt, dust, particles, objects, and flaming combustion.
5. Gloves – protect the hands from dirt, chemicals, electricity,
sharp metal objects, combustible materials.
6. Safety shoes or boots – metallic materials in the toe area to
protect the feet when walking on grounds with stray metal
objects, combustion.

THINK!

How do hazards and risks affect the workers’ performance? How can
we create a hazard-free and risk-free environment for workers?

Lesson 4

 ELECTRICAL SHOP SAFETY PRECAUTIONS & 5S

Observing the different safety measures in the workplace means ensuring

safety of every worker. Other than safety measure, every worker must be aware
and cautious in observing safety precautions. Good housekeeping promotes a
safe and conducive workplace. With this, the workers can work better, think
better, feel better, relate with one another better, and become more
productive.
Create an ideal workplace for safety and good interpersonal relationship
by following the 5S, a Japanese philosophy of good housekeeping:
1. Sorting – identifying and eliminating all unnecessary items from your
workplace.

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2. Systematizing – putting all needed tools, materials, and equipment in the

order that they are to be used; storing them in a safe place after use.
3. Sweeping – cleaning the workplace thoroughly after every work/service.
4. Sanitizing – maintaining a high standard of cleaning and disinfection; see
to it that there are no clutters, litters, dust, stains on tables, mirrors,
counters, and other equipment being used after cleaning; sanitize tools
after using.
5. Self-discipline – every worker should be conditioned to the habit of
cleaning and putting things in order before, during, and after work.
Remember: “A place for everything and everything in its place.”

THINK!
How do you promote a safe and conducive workplace? How do we
create an ideal and safety workplace?

 MODULE SUMMARY

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is primarily concerned with the

overall well-being of workers by implementing health and safety standards in
the workplace. It is the promotion and maintenance of the well-being of
workers in the workplace.
Hazards – an unforeseen event unfavorable to man. Anything
that can cause harm or accident.

Types:
safety hazard, physical hazard, biological hazard, chemical
hazard, ergonomic hazard, psychological, and electrical
hazard.
Five control measures for hazards and risks:
Elimination, substitution, engineering control,
administrative control, and personal protective equipment.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

-these are devices worn by workers to protect himself/herself
from injury, prevent spread of communicable diseases, and protect
from hazards in the workplace like hard hat or headgear, mask, safety
glasses or goggles, over-all or cover-all, gloves, and safety shoes or
boots.
Observing the different safety measures in the workplace means ensuring
safety of every worker. Other than safety measure, every worker must be aware
and cautious in observing safety precautions. Good housekeeping promotes a
safe and conducive workplace. With this, the workers can work better, think

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better, feel better, relate with one another better, and become more
productive. Follow the Japanese philosophy ‘5S’ of good housekeeping: Sorting,
Systematizing, Sweeping, Sanitizing, and Self-discipline.

ELEC 102 - FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY MODULE 1