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UPPSC 2023 - PAPER 5 MODEL ANSWERS

Answer 1

Process of appointment of the Advocate General in Uttar Pradesh

Article 165 of the Constitution of India empowers the Governor of each state to
appoint a person who is qualified to be appointed as a Judge of a High Court to be
Advocate General for the state. The Advocate General is appointed under the advice
of the Council of Ministers, which is headed by the Chief Minister.
The following are the steps involved in the process of appointment of the Advocate
General in Uttar Pradesh:

1. The Chief Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers identify a list of potential
candidates for the post of Advocate General. These candidates are typically
senior lawyers who have a good reputation and experience in the field of law.
2. The Chief Minister then recommends one of the candidates to the Governor
for appointment as Advocate General.
3. The Governor appoints the Advocate General on the advice of the Chief
Minister.

Critical examination of the process of appointment of the Advocate General

The process of appointment of the Advocate General in Uttar Pradesh has been
criticised on the following grounds:

● The process is opaque and lacks transparency. There is no public consultation

or scrutiny involved in the selection of the Advocate General.
● The Advocate General is appointed on the advice of the Chief Minister, which
means that the post is politicised. The Advocate General may be appointed
on the basis of his or her political loyalty to the Chief Minister rather than on
the basis of his or her legal qualifications and experience.
● The Advocate General is not accountable to the legislature. The legislature
cannot remove the Advocate General from office, even if he or she performs
poorly.

Functions of the Advocate General in Uttar Pradesh

● To advise the state government on all legal matters.

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● To represent the state government in all legal proceedings in the High Court
and the Supreme Court.
● To draft and vet all government legislation.
● To perform such other duties of a legal character as may be assigned to him
or her by the Governor.

Critical examination of the functions of the Advocate General

The Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh has a wide range of functions, which gives
him or her a lot of power and influence. However, the Advocate General is also
accountable to the state government. This means that the Advocate General may be
under pressure to give legal advice that is favourable to the state government, even
if it is not in the best interests of the public.

In addition, the Advocate General is not independent of the state government. The
Advocate General can be removed from office at any time by the Governor on the
advice of the Chief Minister. This lack of independence may undermine the Advocate
General's ability to give impartial legal advice to the state government.
Conclusion

The process of appointment of the Advocate General in Uttar Pradesh is opaque and
lacks transparency. The Advocate General is appointed on the advice of the Chief
Minister, which means that the post is politicised. The Advocate General is also not
accountable to the legislature.

The Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh has a wide range of functions, which gives
him or her a lot of power and influence. However, the Advocate General is also
accountable to the state government, which may undermine his or her ability to give
impartial legal advice.

Recommendations

The following recommendations could be made to improve the process of

appointment of the Advocate General in Uttar Pradesh:

● The process of appointment should be made more transparent and open to

public scrutiny.
● The Advocate General should be appointed by a committee of experts, which
should include members of the judiciary and the legal profession.
● The Advocate General should be made accountable to the legislature. The
legislature should have the power to remove the Advocate General from
office by passing a resolution with a two-thirds majority.

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In addition, the Advocate General should be given more independence from the
state government. The Advocate General should not be able to be removed from
office at the pleasure of the Chief Minister.

Answer 2

Nature of regional parties in Uttar Pradesh

Regional parties in Uttar Pradesh are political parties that are based on regional or
caste identities. They are typically formed by leaders who are from the region or
caste that the party represents. Regional parties in Uttar Pradesh play an important
role in the politics of the state. They have a strong grassroots presence and are able
to mobilise voters on the basis of regional or caste identities.
Some of the major regional parties in Uttar Pradesh include:

● Samajwadi Party (SP)

● Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)
● Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD)
● Apna Dal
● NISHAD party

These parties have all been successful in winning elections in Uttar Pradesh and
have formed governments in the state.

Importance of regional parties in the politics of Uttar Pradesh

First, they provide a voice to marginalised groups in the state. Regional parties are
often formed by leaders who are from disadvantaged castes or communities. These
parties represent the interests of these groups and advocate for their rights.

Second, regional parties help to promote social justice and equality in Uttar
Pradesh. Regional parties have played a key role in bringing about social and
economic reforms in the state. For example, the BSP government in Uttar Pradesh
implemented a number of policies that benefited Dalits and other marginalised
groups.

Third, regional parties help to strengthen democracy in Uttar Pradesh. Regional

parties provide a platform for new leaders to emerge and challenge the established
order. This helps to make the political system more competitive and accountable.

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Challenges faced by regional parties in Uttar Pradesh

First, they are often accused of being casteist and divisive. Regional parties are
often seen as mobilising voters on the basis of caste identity rather than on the
basis of broader issues.

Second, regional parties are often financially weak. They do not have the same
access to resources as national parties. This can make it difficult for them to
compete in elections.

Third, regional parties are often vulnerable to internal divisions. These divisions can
be caused by personality clashes, ideological differences, or power struggles.

Despite the challenges they face, regional parties continue to play an important role
in the politics of Uttar Pradesh. They are a force for social change and help to make
the political system more competitive and accountable.

Answer 3

The major stages in the formulation of Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP) in
Uttar Pradesh are as follows:

Stage 1: Preparation of the village base map and asset register

The first stage in the formulation of GPDP is the preparation of the village base map
and asset register. The village base map shows the geographical features of the
village, such as the location of houses, schools, hospitals, and other infrastructure.
The asset register lists all the assets of the village, such as land, buildings, and
equipment.

Stage 2: Need assessment

The second stage is the need assessment. This involves identifying the needs and
aspirations of the people of the village. This is done through a variety of methods,
such as surveys, focus group discussions, and public meetings.

Stage 3: Prioritisation of needs

Once the needs of the people have been identified, they need to be prioritised. This
is done by considering the importance of each need, the availability of resources,
and the feasibility of implementing the necessary projects.

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Stage 4: Formulation of the GPDP

Once the needs of the people have been prioritised, the next step is to formulate the
GPDP. This involves identifying the specific projects and activities that will be
undertaken to address the needs of the people. The GPDP must also be aligned with
the state and national development plans.

Stage 5: Approval of the GPDP

Once the GPDP is formulated, it needs to be approved by the Gram Sabha. The
Gram Sabha is the village assembly, and it is the supreme authority in the village.

Stage 6: Implementation of the GPDP

Once the GPDP is approved, it is implemented by the Gram Panchayat. The Gram
Panchayat is the village council, and it is responsible for the implementation of the
GPDP.

Stage 7: Monitoring and evaluation of the GPDP

The GPDP is monitored and evaluated on a regular basis to ensure that it is being
implemented effectively and that it is meeting the needs of the people.

Role of different stakeholders in the formulation of GPDP

● Gram Panchayat: The Gram Panchayat is the primary stakeholder in the

formulation of GPDP. It is responsible for coordinating the entire process and
ensuring that the GPDP is implemented effectively.
● Gram Sabha: The Gram Sabha is the supreme authority in the village and its
approval is required for the GPDP.
● Line departments: The line departments, such as the Public Works
Department, the Education Department, and the Health Department, provide
technical support to the Gram Panchayat in the formulation of GPDP.
● Non-governmental organisations (NGOs): NGOs can play an important role in
mobilising the community and facilitating the participatory planning process.
● Community members: Community members are the ultimate beneficiaries of
the GPDP. They should be involved in the planning process at all stages.

The formulation of GPDP is a complex process, but it is essential for the

development of villages in Uttar Pradesh. By involving all stakeholders in the
planning process, the Gram Panchayat can ensure that the GPDP is comprehensive
and meets the needs of all sections of the community.

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Answer 4

Uttar Pradesh is one of the most popular tourist destinations in India. It is home to a
wide variety of tourist attractions, including historical monuments, religious sites,
natural wonders, and cultural attractions.

● Heritage tourism: Uttar Pradesh is home to some of the most iconic

historical monuments in India, such as the Taj Mahal, the Agra Fort, and
Fatehpur Sikri. These monuments are world-renowned and attract tourists
from all over the world.
● Religious tourism: Uttar Pradesh is also a major pilgrimage site for Hindus,
Muslims, and Buddhists. Hindus visit Varanasi, Ayodhya, and Mathura to pay
their respects to their gods and goddesses. Muslims visit Aligarh and Meerut
to visit the tombs of their saints. Buddhists visit Sarnath and Kushinagar to
visit the places where Lord Buddha preached and attained nirvana.
● Wildlife tourism: Uttar Pradesh is home to a number of national parks and
wildlife sanctuaries, such as Dudhwa National Park, Corbett National Park,
and Pilibhit Tiger Reserve. These parks and sanctuaries are home to a variety
of wildlife, including tigers, elephants, rhinos, and leopards.
● Adventure tourism: Uttar Pradesh offers a variety of adventure tourism
activities, such as trekking, rafting, and rock climbing. These activities can be
enjoyed in the Himalayan foothills, the Vindhya Mountains, and the Aravalli
Hills.
● Cultural tourism: Uttar Pradesh is known for its rich culture and heritage.
Tourists can enjoy a variety of cultural experiences in Uttar Pradesh, such as
attending classical music concerts, watching folk dances, and visiting
museums.

Uttar Pradesh also has a lot of potential for developing other types of tourism, such
as:

● Medical tourism: Uttar Pradesh is home to a number of world-class hospitals

and medical facilities. This makes it a potential destination for medical
tourism.
● Ecotourism: Uttar Pradesh has a number of beautiful and unspoiled natural
areas that have the potential to attract ecotourists.
● MICE tourism: Uttar Pradesh has a number of well-equipped convention
centres and hotels, which makes it a potential destination for MICE tourism
(Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions).

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By developing these and other types of tourism, Uttar Pradesh can further boost its
tourism industry and attract more tourists from all over the world.

Answer 5

Uttar Pradesh shares a long border with Nepal. These borders are porous and
difficult to patrol, making them vulnerable to smuggling, trafficking, and
cross-border terrorism.
Some of the security challenges in the border areas of Uttar Pradesh:

● Smuggling: Smuggling of drugs, weapons, and other contraband is a major

challenge in the border areas of Uttar Pradesh. The porous borders make it
easy for smugglers to transport goods across the border without being
detected.
● Trafficking: Trafficking of people and animals is another major challenge in
the border areas of Uttar Pradesh. Traffickers take advantage of the porous
borders to smuggle people and animals across the border.
● Cross-border terrorism: The border areas of Uttar Pradesh are also
vulnerable to cross-border terrorism..
● Infiltration by criminals: Criminals from Nepal also use the porous borders
to infiltrate into India and commit crimes.
● Fake currency smuggling: Smuggling of fake currency is another major
challenge in the border areas of Uttar Pradesh. The porous borders make it
easy for smugglers to transport fake currency into India.

The Indian government has taken a number of steps to address the security
challenges in the border areas of Uttar Pradesh. These steps include:

● Increased patrolling: The Indian government has increased patrolling along

the border with Nepal. This has helped to reduce smuggling and trafficking in
the border areas.
● Construction of border fencing: The Indian government is constructing a
fence and checkpoints along the border with Nepal. This will help to prevent
illegal crossings and smuggling.
● Deployment of security forces: The Indian government has deployed a large
number of security forces in the border areas of Uttar Pradesh. These security
forces are responsible for patrolling the border and preventing illegal
activities.
● Intelligence gathering: The Indian government has also increased
intelligence gathering in the border areas of Uttar Pradesh. This helps to
identify and track terrorist and criminal groups.

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Despite the steps taken by the Indian government, the security challenges in the
border areas of Uttar Pradesh persist. The porous borders and the presence of
terrorist and criminal groups make the border areas vulnerable to illegal activities.

The Indian government needs to continue to invest in border security and

intelligence gathering to address the security challenges in the border areas of Uttar
Pradesh. The government also needs to work with other stakeholders to improve
border security cooperation.

Answer 6

The monuments of Agra are known for their stunning architecture, which is a fusion
of Islamic, Persian, and Hindu influences. The most famous monument in Agra is the
Taj Mahal, which is widely regarded as one of the most beautiful buildings in the
world.

Some of the key architectural features of the monuments of Agra:

● Symmetry: The monuments of Agra are characterised by their perfect

symmetry. This symmetry is evident in the layout of the buildings, the
placement of their domes and minarets, and the intricate carvings that adorn
their walls.
● Use of white marble: White marble is the predominant building material
used in the monuments of Agra. The white marble gives the buildings a
gleaming appearance and makes them stand out from their surroundings.
● Intricate carvings: The monuments of Agra are covered in intricate carvings
that depict geometric patterns, floral motifs, and calligraphic inscriptions.
These carvings are a testament to the skill and craftsmanship of the artisans
who built these monuments.
● Use of semi precious stones: The monuments of Agra are also known for
their use of semi precious stones, such as jade, lapis lazuli, and
mother-of-pearl. These stones are used to create intricate mosaics and inlays
that further embellish the buildings.
● Combination of different architectural styles: The monuments of Agra are a
fusion of different architectural styles, including Islamic, Persian, and Hindu.
This fusion of styles is evident in the design of the buildings, the use of
different materials, and the decorative elements.

Some of the specific architectural features of the Taj Mahal include:

● The main dome: The main dome of the Taj Mahal is one of its most iconic
features. The dome is made of white marble and is set on a high drum. The

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dome is surrounded by four smaller domes, which are arranged in a perfect

square.
● The four minarets: The four minarets of the Taj Mahal are located at the
corners of the raised platform on which the mausoleum stands. The minarets
are made of white marble and are over 40 metres tall.
● The arched doorways: The Taj Mahal has several arched doorways, which
are decorated with intricate carvings. The arches are typically made of white
marble and are set in a red sandstone frame.
● The Persian gardens: The Taj Mahal is surrounded by Persian gardens, which
are characterised by their symmetry and use of geometric patterns. The
gardens are also home to a variety of flowers and plants.

The other monuments of Agra, such as the Agra Fort and the Tomb of
Itimad-ud-Daulah, also share many of the same architectural features as the Taj
Mahal. These monuments are all characterised by their symmetry, use of white
marble, intricate carvings, and use of semi precious stones.

The monuments of Agra are a testament to the skill and craftsmanship of the
artisans who built them. They are also a reflection of the rich cultural heritage of
India.

Answer 7

The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of
the world's oldest urban civilizations, which existed around 3300 to 1300 BCE in the
Indian subcontinent. While the majority of Harappan sites are located in
present-day Pakistan and northwest India, there are a few sites related to the
Harappan Civilization in Uttar Pradesh, India.

There are six sites related to the Harappan Civilization in Uttar Pradesh:

● Alamgirpur
● Bargaon
● Hulas
● Mandi
● Sanauli
● Sothi

These sites are located in the western and central parts of the state, along the
Yamuna and Ghaghara rivers.

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1. Alamgirpur is the easternmost known Harappan site. It was a major

settlement that flourished from around 3300 to 1300 BC. The site has yielded
a variety of artefacts, including pottery, terracotta figurines, seals, and
beads.
2. Bargaon is a smaller Harappan site that was occupied from around 2600 to
1900 BC. The site has yielded a variety of artefacts, including pottery,
terracotta figurines, and beads.
3. Hulas is a Harappan site that was occupied from around 2600 to 1900 BC.
The site has yielded a variety of artefacts, including pottery, terracotta
figurines, and beads.
4. Mandi is a Harappan site that was occupied from around 2600 to 1900 BC.
The site has yielded a variety of artefacts, including pottery, terracotta
figurines, and beads.
5. Sanauli is a Harappan site that was occupied from around 2700 to 2000 BC.
The site is known for its rich copper hoard, which includes a variety of
weapons, tools, and ornaments.
6. Sothi is a Harappan site that was occupied from around 3300 to 1300 BC. The
site has yielded a variety of artefacts, including pottery, terracotta figurines,
seals, and beads.

The Harappan sites in Uttar Pradesh provide valuable insights into the life and
culture of the Harappans. These sites suggest that the Harappans were involved in
long-distance trade and had a sophisticated social and political system.

Answer 8

Uttar Pradesh played a significant role in the Non-Cooperation Movement, which

was a mass movement launched in India in 1920 under the leadership of Mahatma
Gandhi. The movement was aimed at achieving swaraj (self-rule) for India through
nonviolent means.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was well-received in Uttar Pradesh, and a large

number of people participated in the movement. Some of the key features of the
movement in Uttar Pradesh were:

● Boycott of British goods: People in Uttar Pradesh boycotted British goods,

such as cloth, salt, and sugar. This boycott had a significant impact on the
British economy.
● Picketing of liquor shops: People in Uttar Pradesh picketed liquor shops to
discourage people from drinking alcohol. The British government responded
to the picketing by cracking down on the protesters.

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● Non-payment of taxes: People in Uttar Pradesh refused to pay taxes to the

British government. This non-payment of taxes was a major act of defiance
against the British government.
● Establishment of national schools: People in Uttar Pradesh established
national schools to educate their children in Indian culture and values. The
national schools were an alternative to the British-run schools, which taught
the British way of life.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was eventually called off by Gandhi in 1922 due to
the violence that had erupted in some parts of the country. However, the movement
had a significant impact on the Indian freedom struggle. It showed the British
government that the Indian people were united in their demand for swaraj.

Some of the notable contributions of Uttar Pradesh to the Non-Cooperation

Movement:

● Chauri Chaura: The Chauri Chaura incident, which took place in Uttar
Pradesh in 1922, was a turning point in the Non-Cooperation Movement. A
mob of angry peasants attacked a police station and killed 22 policemen.
Gandhi was deeply shaken by the violence and called off the
Non-Cooperation Movement.
● Awadh peasants movement: The Awadh peasants movement was a peasant
uprising that took place in Uttar Pradesh in the early 1920s. The peasants
were led by Baba Ramchandra, who was a sanyasi (Hindu monk). The
peasants demanded a reduction in rent and an end to begar (forced labour).
The movement was suppressed by the British government, but it had a
significant impact on the Indian freedom struggle.
● Contribution of leaders from Uttar Pradesh: Several prominent leaders
from Uttar Pradesh participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement. These
leaders included Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Motilal Nehru, and Govind Ballabh
Pant. These leaders played a key role in mobilising the people of Uttar
Pradesh to participate in the movement.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was a major event in the Indian freedom struggle.
Uttar Pradesh played a significant role in the movement, and the people of Uttar
Pradesh made many sacrifices for the cause of Indian independence.

Answer 9

The key objectives of the Uttar Pradesh Data Centre Policy 2021 are to:

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● Establish Uttar Pradesh as the preferred investment destination for the data
centre industry.
● Develop a 250 MW data centre industry in Uttar Pradesh.
● Attract investments worth Rs 20,000 Crores.
● Establish at least three state-of-the-art private data centre parks in Uttar
Pradesh.

The policy also aims to:

● Provide a conducive policy environment for the upgradation of the data

centre industry with globally competitive infrastructure.
● Adopt innovative and emerging technologies through effective utilisation of
skilled manpower for a holistic and sustainable development of the data
centre ecosystem leading to the overall economic development of the country
and the state.

The policy provides a number of incentives to attract investment in the data centre
industry, including:

● Capital subsidy of up to 7% on fixed capital investment (excluding land and

building) to be paid in 10 years.
● Interest subsidy of 60% on annual interest for 7 years subject to a maximum
of Rs 50 Crores per park.
● Land subsidy of 25% on prevailing sector rates in Madhyanchal and
Paschimanchal; and 50% on prevailing sector rates in Bundelkhand and
Poorvanchal up to a maximum of Rs 75 Crores to parks and units.
● Stamp duty exemption of 100% on the first transaction and 50% on the
second transaction to both parks and units.
● Electricity duty exemption of 100% for 10 years to units.

The policy also provides for a number of non-financial incentives, such as:

● Single window clearance for all approvals.

● Facilitation of land acquisition.
● Provision of water and electricity at competitive rates.
● Availability of skilled manpower.
● Support for research and development.

The Uttar Pradesh Data Centre Policy 2021 is a comprehensive policy that aims to
attract investment and promote the development of the data centre industry in the
state. The policy is expected to boost the state's economy and create jobs.

Answer 10

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Operation Kayakalp has been significant in the efforts of converting the primary
and upper primary schools into model schools in the following ways:

● Infrastructure development: Operation Kayakalp has provided funding for

the renovation and repair of school buildings, classrooms, playgrounds, and
toilets. This has improved the overall infrastructure of schools and made them
more conducive to learning.
● Provision of basic amenities: Operation Kayakalp has also provided funding
for the provision of basic amenities in schools, such as drinking water,
electricity, and furniture. This has made the schools more comfortable and
welcoming for students and teachers alike.
● Capacity building: Operation Kayakalp has also provided training for
teachers and headmasters on new teaching methods and school
management practices. This has helped to improve the quality of education
in schools.
● Community participation: Operation Kayakalp has also involved the
community in the process of school improvement. This has helped to build a
sense of ownership and responsibility for the schools among the community
members.

As a result of these efforts, Operation Kayakalp has made a significant contribution

to the transformation of primary and upper primary schools into model schools in
Uttar Pradesh.

Examples of the impact of Operation Kayakalp:

● In the 2021-22 academic year, over 90% of primary and upper primary
schools in Uttar Pradesh had access to drinking water, electricity, and toilets.
This is a significant improvement from the pre-Operation Kayakalp era.
● In the same year, over 80% of teachers in primary and upper primary schools
in Uttar Pradesh had received training on new teaching methods and school
management practices. This has led to an improvement in the quality of
education in schools.
● The number of students enrolled in primary and upper primary schools in
Uttar Pradesh has increased by over 10% since the launch of Operation
Kayakalp. This suggests that Operation Kayakalp is making schools more
attractive to parents and students.

Overall, Operation Kayakalp has been a successful initiative in transforming primary

and upper primary schools into model schools in Uttar Pradesh. It has improved the
infrastructure of schools, provided basic amenities, built the capacity of teachers

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and headmasters, and involved the community in the process of school

improvement. As a result, the quality of education in schools has improved and the
number of students enrolled in schools has increased.

However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed in order to fully
realise the vision of Operation Kayakalp. These challenges include:

● Ensuring regular maintenance of school infrastructure: The newly

renovated and repaired school infrastructure needs to be regularly
maintained to ensure that it remains in good condition. This will require
adequate funding and manpower.
● Improving the quality of teaching: In addition to training teachers on new
teaching methods, there is a need to improve the overall quality of teaching
in schools. This can be done by providing teachers with more opportunities
for professional development and by creating a more supportive and
collaborative school environment.
● Reducing the dropout rate: The dropout rate in primary and upper primary
schools in Uttar Pradesh is still high. There is a need to identify and address
the reasons for the dropout rate and to develop strategies to reduce it.

Despite these challenges, Operation Kayakalp has made significant progress in

transforming primary and upper primary schools into model schools in Uttar
Pradesh. With continued efforts, Operation Kayakalp can help to achieve the goal of
providing quality education to all children in the state.

Answer 11

The land reform in Uttar Pradesh was carried out in three stages:

Stage 1: Abolition of zamindari system (1950-51)

The Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950, was passed to abolish the
zamindari system in Uttar Pradesh. The zamindari system was a feudal system of
land ownership in which the zamindars were the landlords and the peasants were
the tenants. The peasants were at the mercy of the zamindars and were often
exploited by them.

The Zamindari Abolition Act abolished the zamindari system and transferred the
ownership of land to the peasants. The peasants were now free to cultivate their
own land and to sell it. The abolition of the zamindari system was a major step
towards land reform in Uttar Pradesh.

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Stage 2: Consolidation of land holdings (1952-58)

The Uttar Pradesh Consolidation of Holdings Act, 1952, was passed to consolidate
the fragmented land holdings in the state. Fragmentation of land holdings is a major
problem in Uttar Pradesh, where a large number of peasants have small and
scattered pieces of land. This makes it difficult for the peasants to cultivate their
land efficiently.
The Consolidation of Holdings Act consolidated the fragmented land holdings into
larger and more compact units. This made it easier for the peasants to cultivate
their land and to improve their productivity.

Stage 3: Ceilings on land ownership (1960)

The Uttar Pradesh Imposition of Ceiling on Land Holdings Act, 1960, was passed to
impose ceilings on land ownership in the state. The ceilings were imposed to prevent
the concentration of land in the hands of a few individuals and to ensure that more
peasants had access to land.

The Ceiling on Land Holdings Act limited the amount of land that an individual could
own. The surplus land was acquired by the government and distributed to the
landless peasants.

How landless agricultural labourers benefited from land reform ?

The land reform in Uttar Pradesh benefited the landless agricultural labourers in the
following ways:

● The abolition of the zamindari system freed the peasants from the
exploitation of the zamindars. This improved the bargaining power of the
peasants and led to an increase in their wages.
● The consolidation of land holdings made it easier for the peasants to
cultivate their land and to improve their productivity. This led to an increase
in agricultural production and created new employment opportunities for the
landless agricultural labourers.
● The distribution of surplus land to the landless agricultural labourers gave
them the opportunity to own their own land. This made them self-reliant and
improved their economic status.

Overall, the land reform in Uttar Pradesh had a positive impact on the landless
agricultural labourers. It improved their bargaining power, wages, employment
opportunities, and economic status.

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However, it is important to note that the land reform in Uttar Pradesh was not
without its challenges.

One of the major challenges was the implementation of the land reform laws. The
implementation of the land reform laws was slow and often incomplete. This meant
that many landless agricultural labourers did not benefit from the land reform.

Another challenge was the lack of access to credit and other inputs for the landless
agricultural labourers. This made it difficult for them to cultivate their land and to
improve their productivity.

Despite these challenges, the land reform in Uttar Pradesh was a significant step
towards improving the lives of the landless agricultural labourers.

Answer 12

The Chief Secretary is the highest-ranking civil servant in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
He/She is the head of the state secretariat and is responsible for coordinating the
work of all the departments in the state. The Chief Secretary is also the principal
advisor to the Chief Minister on all matters related to state administration.

The Chief Secretary plays a key role in the following areas:

● Policy formulation: The Chief Secretary is involved in the formulation of all

major policies of the state government. He/She provides inputs to the Chief
Minister and other ministers on the feasibility and implications of different
policy options.
● Implementation of policies: The Chief Secretary is responsible for ensuring
that the policies of the state government are implemented effectively.
He/She coordinates the work of all the departments in the state to ensure
that the policies are implemented in a timely and efficient manner.
● Monitoring and evaluation: The Chief Secretary monitors and evaluates the
implementation of various policies and programs of the state government.
He/She identifies any shortcomings or bottlenecks and takes steps to
address them.
● Crisis management: The Chief Secretary is responsible for managing crises
in the state. He/She coordinates the response of various departments to
natural disasters, law and order problems, and other emergencies.
● Liaison with the central government: The Chief Secretary is the main point
of contact between the state government and the central government.

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He/She represents the state government at various meetings and

conferences convened by the central government.

The Chief Secretary is a powerful figure in the administration of Uttar Pradesh.

He/She plays a key role in policy formulation, implementation, monitoring,
evaluation, crisis management, and liaison with the central government.

Role of the Chief Secretary in the administration of Uttar Pradesh:

● The Chief Secretary is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the

state government's flagship programs, such as the One District One Product
(ODOP) scheme and the Uttar Pradesh Global Investors Summit.
● The Chief Secretary plays a key role in managing natural disasters, such as
floods and droughts. He/She coordinates the response of various
departments to provide relief and rehabilitation to the affected people.
● The Chief Secretary is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the
state. He/She works closely with the Director General of Police to ensure that
the state remains peaceful and crime-free.

The Chief Secretary is a vital cog in the machinery of the Uttar Pradesh government.
He/She plays a key role in ensuring that the state government's policies and
programs are implemented effectively and efficiently.

Answer 13

The e-District project is a flagship initiative of the Uttar Pradesh government to

provide citizen-centric services through a single window, including online application
submission, payment, and tracking of status. It covers various departments, such as
revenue, agriculture, health, education, and social welfare.

The e-District project has made it easier for citizens to access government services
by reducing the need for physical visits to government offices. It has also made the
delivery of government services more efficient and transparent.

Key benefits of the e-District project:

● Convenience: The e-District project provides citizens with the convenience of

accessing government services from anywhere and at any time. They can
apply for services online and track their status without having to visit
government offices.

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● Transparency: The e-District project has made the delivery of government

services more transparent. Citizens can view the status of their applications
online and receive notifications about the progress of their requests.
● Efficiency: The e-District project has made the delivery of government
services more efficient. The online application process has reduced the time
and effort required to obtain government services.
● Accountability: The e-District project has made government officials more
accountable to citizens. Citizens can track the performance of government
officials and provide feedback on the delivery of services.

Overall, the e-District project is a good initiative in the direction of e-governance in

Uttar Pradesh. It has made it easier for citizens to access government services,
made the delivery of services more efficient and transparent, and made
government officials more accountable to citizens.

Examples of the benefits of the e-District project:

● A citizen can now apply for a driving licence online and track the status of
their application without having to visit a government office.
● A farmer can now apply for a loan from a bank online and receive the loan
amount in their bank account without having to visit a bank branch.
● A student can now apply for admission to a school or college online and track
the status of their application without having to visit the school or college.
● A senior citizen can now apply for a pension online and receive the pension
amount in their bank account without having to visit a government office.

The e-District project is a significant step towards making the government of Uttar
Pradesh more citizen-centric and efficient.

Answer 14

Caste hierarchies and power structures have a significant impact on access to

resources and opportunities in rural Uttar Pradesh.

The caste system is a social hierarchy that is based on birth. People are assigned to
a caste at birth and remain in that caste for their entire lives. The caste system is
deeply ingrained in Indian society and has a significant impact on people's lives.

In rural Uttar Pradesh, the caste system is even more rigid than in urban areas. This
is because the rural economy is largely agrarian and people are more dependent on
land and other resources that are controlled by upper-caste landowners.

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Upper-caste landowners have a monopoly on land, water, and other resources. This
gives them a significant amount of power and control over lower-caste people.
Lower-caste people are often forced to work as labourers on the land of upper-caste
landowners. They are paid low wages and have little job security.

Upper-caste landowners also control access to education and other opportunities.

They often send their children to good schools and colleges, while lower-caste
children are forced to attend poor quality schools. This gives upper-caste children a
significant advantage in the job market.

The caste system also has a negative impact on the political and social participation
of lower-caste people. Upper-caste landowners often dominate local politics and
prevent lower-caste people from participating in the political process. This makes it
difficult for lower-caste people to raise their voices and demand their rights.

Caste hierarchies and power structures affect access to resources and opportunities
in rural Uttar Pradesh:

● Lower-caste people are often denied access to land and water resources. This
makes it difficult for them to earn a living and support their families.
● Lower-caste children are often denied access to quality education. This
makes it difficult for them to get good jobs and improve their social status.
● Lower-caste people are often discriminated against in the job market. They
are often paid lower wages and have less job security than upper-caste
people.
● Lower-caste people are often denied access to political and social
participation. They are often excluded from decision-making processes and
have little say in the way their communities are run.

The caste system is a major obstacle to development in rural Uttar Pradesh. It

prevents lower-caste people from accessing resources and opportunities, which
leads to poverty, illiteracy, and social exclusion.

The government of Uttar Pradesh has taken a number of steps to address the issue
of caste discrimination. These steps include:

● Enacting laws to prevent caste discrimination.

● Providing reservations for lower-caste people in educational institutions and
government jobs.
● Implementing special programs for the development of lower-caste
communities.

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However, more needs to be done to address the issue of caste discrimination in rural
Uttar Pradesh. The government needs to implement its policies effectively and
ensure that lower-caste people have equal access to resources and opportunities.

The people of Uttar Pradesh also need to play a role in addressing the issue of caste
discrimination. They need to challenge caste-based stereotypes and prejudices.
They need to create a more inclusive society where everyone is treated with respect
and dignity.

Answer 15

The Uttar Pradesh Police Special Task Force (STF) is a specialised unit of the Uttar
Pradesh Police that is responsible for the prevention and investigation of organised
crime. The STF was established in 1998 in response to the growing threat of
organised crime in the state.

The STF is headed by an Additional Director General of Police and has a team of
highly trained and experienced officers. The STF has a wide range of responsibilities,
including:

● Collection of intelligence about organised crime syndicates and their

activities.
● Investigation of organised crime cases, such as extortion, kidnapping,
murder, and drug trafficking.
● Arrest and prosecution of organised crime criminals.
● Prevention of organised crime through intelligence-based operations and
public awareness campaigns.

The STF has played a significant role in the prevention of organised crime in Uttar
Pradesh. It has successfully cracked down on several organised crime syndicates
and arrested and prosecuted a large number of organised crime criminals. The STF
has also been successful in preventing a number of major crimes, such as
kidnapping and murder.
Some examples of the role of the Uttar Pradesh Police Special Task Force in the
prevention of organised crime:

● In 2022, the STF arrested a gang of criminals who were involved in extorting
money from businessmen in the state. The gang had threatened to kill the
businessmen and their families if they did not pay up. The STF arrested the
gang members and recovered a large amount of cash from them.

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● In 2021, the STF arrested a gang of criminals who were involved in

kidnapping children and demanding ransom from their parents. The STF
rescued the kidnapped children and arrested the gang members.
● In 2020, the STF busted a drug trafficking racket and seized a large quantity
of drugs. The STF also arrested the drug traffickers.

The Uttar Pradesh Police Special Task Force is a vital unit of the Uttar Pradesh Police
that plays a significant role in the prevention of organised crime. The STF has a
proven track record of success in cracking down on organised crime syndicates,
arresting and prosecuting organised crime criminals, and preventing major crimes.

Answer 16

Baba Ramchandra Das was a prominent peasant leader in Uttar Pradesh during the
early 20th century. He is credited with mobilising the peasantry and leading them in
a number of successful struggles against the zamindari system and other forms of
exploitation.

One of Baba Ramchandra Das's most significant achievements was the founding of
the Oudh Kisan Sabha (Oudh Peasants Association) in 1920. The Oudh Kisan Sabha
was a peasant organización that fought for the rights of peasants and demanded
an end to the zamindari system. The Oudh Kisan Sabha played a key role in
mobilising the peasantry and leading them in a number of successful struggles.

In 1921, Baba Ramchandra Das led the peasants in a no-rent campaign against the
zamindars. The no-rent campaign was a successful movement that forced the
zamindars to reduce rents and make other concessions to the peasants.

Baba Ramchandra Das also played a key role in the Non-Cooperation Movement. He
mobilised the peasantry to participate in the boycott of British goods and other
forms of civil disobedience.

Baba Ramchandra Das was a courageous and visionary leader who fought for the
rights of the peasantry. His achievements had a significant impact on the lives of
peasants in Uttar Pradesh and throughout India.

Baba Ramchandra Das's achievements as a peasant leader:

● He founded the Oudh Kisan Sabha, which was one of the most successful
peasant organisations in India.
● He led the peasants in a successful no-rent campaign against the zamindars
in 1921.

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● He mobilised the peasantry to participate in the Non-Cooperation Movement.

● He raised awareness of the plight of the peasantry and helped to improve
their lives.

Baba Ramchandra Das was a true champion of the peasantry and his legacy
continues to inspire peasant movements around the world.

Answer 17

The warriors of Uttar Pradesh played a significant role in the Freedom Struggle of
1857. They were at the forefront of the uprising against the British East India
Company and fought bravely to liberate their country.

Some of the most notable warriors from Uttar Pradesh who participated in the
Freedom Struggle of 1857 include:

● Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi: Rani Lakshmibai was the queen of the princely
state of Jhansi. She was a courageous and visionary leader who played a key
role in the uprising in Jhansi. She led her army in several battles against the
British and refused to surrender even after her fort was besieged.
● Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh: Begum Hazrat Mahal was the wife of the
last Nawab of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah. She led the uprising in Awadh after her
husband was exiled by the British. She was a skilled strategist and organiser
and raised a large army to fight the British.
● Nana Sahib of Kanpur: Nana Sahib was the adopted son of the last Peshwa
of Baji Rao II. He was a wealthy and influential figure in Kanpur. He led the
uprising in Kanpur and inflicted heavy casualties on the British.
● Maulavi Ahmadullah Shah: Maulavi Ahmadullah Shah was a Muslim scholar
and religious leader. He was a charismatic leader who mobilised the Muslim
community to participate in the uprising. He led his forces in several battles
against the British and inflicted heavy casualties on them.
● Bakht Khan: Bakht Khan was a Rohilla soldier who served in the British East
India Company army. He resigned from the British army after the outbreak of
the uprising and joined the rebels. He was a skilled military leader and
commanded the rebel forces in several battles against the British.

These are just a few examples of the many warriors from Uttar Pradesh who
participated in the Freedom Struggle of 1857. They made significant contributions to
the uprising and their sacrifices will never be forgotten.

The warriors of Uttar Pradesh also played a key role in the following ways:

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● They provided leadership to the uprising in Uttar Pradesh and other parts of
India.
● They mobilised the people to participate in the uprising.
● They raised armies to fight the British.
● They inflicted heavy casualties on the British in several battles.
● They kept the spirit of resistance alive even after the uprising was defeated.

The contributions of the warriors of Uttar Pradesh to the Freedom Struggle of 1857
are immense. They were among the first to rise up against the British and they
fought bravely for the liberation of their country. Their sacrifices inspired future
generations of freedom fighters and helped to pave the way for India's
independence.

Answer 18

Uttar Pradesh has an important place in the propagation of Buddhism for the
following reasons:

● Birthplace of Gautam Buddha: Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of

Buddhism, was born in Lumbini, which is now in Nepal, but was part of the
ancient kingdom of Kosala, which is now in Uttar Pradesh.
● Early Buddhist centres: Some of the earliest Buddhist centres, such as
Sarnath, Kushinagar, and Kapilavastu, are located in Uttar Pradesh. These
centres played a key role in the spread of Buddhism throughout India and the
world.
● Support of rulers: Several rulers of Uttar Pradesh, such as Ashoka the Great
and Kanishka the Great, were patrons of Buddhism. They built Buddhist
monasteries,stupas, and other monuments, and supported the spread of
Buddhism.
● Propagation of Buddhism by monks and scholars: Buddhist monks and
scholars from Uttar Pradesh played a key role in the propagation of
Buddhism throughout India and the world. They travelled to different regions
and taught Buddhist doctrine to the people.

Role of Uttar Pradesh in the propagation of Buddhism:

● Sarnath: Sarnath is one of the four most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites
in the world. It is the place where the Buddha gave his first sermon after
attaining enlightenment. Sarnath is home to a number of Buddhist
monuments, including the Dhamekh Stupa, the Chaukhandi Stupa, and the
Dharmachakrajwalina Vihara.

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● Kushinagar: Kushinagar is the place where the Buddha attained parinirvana

(final liberation). It is home to a number of Buddhist monuments, including
the Mahaparinirvana Temple, the Ramabhar Stupa, and the Matha Kuar
Shrine.
● Kapilavastu: Kapilavastu is the place where the Buddha was born and raised.
It is home to a number of Buddhist monuments, including the Tilaurakot
Stupa, the Lumbini Garden, and the Maya Devi Temple.

Uttar Pradesh has played a significant role in the propagation of Buddhism

throughout India and the world. The birthplace of the Buddha, the early Buddhist
centres, the support of rulers, and the propagation of Buddhism by monks and
scholars have all contributed to Uttar Pradesh's importance in the Buddhist world.

Answer 19

The Mahayogi Guru Gorakhnath AYUSH University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, is the
first AYUSH University established in Uttar Pradesh. It was established in 2020
specialising in Ayurveda, yoga & naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and homoeopathy
(AYUSH).

The nature of the Mahayogi Guru Gorakhnath AYUSH University is that of an

affiliating university. This means that it is responsible for setting the curriculum and
standards for AYUSH education in Uttar Pradesh. It also affiliates AYUSH colleges in
the state and awards degrees to their graduates.

The objectives of the Mahayogi Guru Gorakhnath AYUSH University are to:

● Promote and develop AYUSH education in Uttar Pradesh.

● Conduct research in AYUSH and develop new AYUSH therapies and
treatments.
● Provide quality AYUSH healthcare to the people of Uttar Pradesh.
● Promote the use of AYUSH in preventive healthcare and wellness.

The Mahayogi Guru Gorakhnath AYUSH University is a significant development in

the field of AYUSH education and healthcare in Uttar Pradesh. It is expected to play
a major role in promoting and developing AYUSH in the state and making it more
accessible to the people of Uttar Pradesh.

Objectives of the Mahayogi Guru Gorakhnath AYUSH University:

● To offer undergraduate and postgraduate programs in AYUSH disciplines.

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● To conduct research in AYUSH and develop new AYUSH therapies and

treatments.
● To provide AYUSH healthcare services to the people of Uttar Pradesh through
its own hospitals and clinics.
● To collaborate with other universities and institutions to promote AYUSH
education and research.
● To organise workshops, seminars, and conferences to raise awareness about
AYUSH.

The Mahayogi Guru Gorakhnath AYUSH University is a welcome step towards the
development of AYUSH in Uttar Pradesh. It is expected to play a significant role in
making AYUSH more accessible to the people of the state and improving their
health and well-being.

Answer 20

The Uttar Pradesh Health Policy 2018 is a comprehensive policy that aims to provide
universal access to quality healthcare services for all people in Uttar Pradesh. The
policy is based on the principles of equity, accessibility, and affordability.

The state government has taken a number of efforts and initiatives to implement
the Uttar Pradesh Health Policy 2018. These include:

● Increasing the budget for healthcare: The state government has increased
the budget for healthcare significantly in recent years. This has allowed the
government to invest in new infrastructure, hire more healthcare workers, and
expand the range of services offered.
● Improving infrastructure: The state government has invested in improving
the infrastructure of primary healthcare centres, district hospitals, and
medical colleges. This has made healthcare services more accessible to
people living in rural and remote areas.
● Hiring more healthcare workers: The state government has hired more
doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers. This has helped to reduce the
shortage of healthcare workers in the state.
● Expanding the range of services offered: The state government has
expanded the range of healthcare services offered by public health facilities.
This includes services such as cancer screening, dialysis, and heart surgery.
● Launching new programs and initiatives: The state government has
launched a number of new programs and initiatives to improve healthcare in
the state. These include the Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya
Yojana, the Uttar Pradesh Mukhyamantri Jan Arogya Abhiyan, and the Uttar
Pradesh Mission Indradhanush.

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The state government has also taken a number of policy directions to improve
healthcare in the state. These include:

● Promoting preventive healthcare: The state government has placed a

strong emphasis on preventive healthcare. This includes measures such as
promoting healthy lifestyles, raising awareness about diseases, and
improving sanitation and hygiene.
● Focusing on primary healthcare: The state government has shifted its focus
from secondary and tertiary healthcare to primary healthcare. This is
because primary healthcare is the most effective way to reach the majority of
the population.
● Using technology to improve healthcare: The state government is using
technology to improve healthcare delivery in the state. This includes using
telemedicine to provide healthcare services to people living in remote areas
and using electronic health records to improve the efficiency of healthcare
services.

The Uttar Pradesh Health Policy 2018 is a comprehensive policy that aims to
improve healthcare services in the state. The state government has taken a number
of efforts and initiatives to implement the policy.

The policy has led to a number of improvements in the healthcare system in Uttar
Pradesh, such as increased access to healthcare services, improved infrastructure,
and a wider range of services offered.

The state government's policy directions, such as promoting preventive healthcare,

focusing on primary healthcare, and using technology to improve healthcare, are all
positive steps. The Uttar Pradesh Health Policy 2018 is a good example of how a
state government can take steps to improve healthcare services for its citizens.

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