Master en Transporte, Territorio y Urbanismo

Curso: Auditoría de Seguridad Vial

Course: Road Safety Audit
Módulo 1: Planificación y Gestión de las Inspecciones y
Auditorías de Seguridad Vial
Lección 1.2: Marco legal y Herramientas de Gestión
Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools

Prof. Alfredo García

Highway Engineering Research Group

Version 1, Feb 19th, 2023

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 1

Contents
1. Learning outcomes
2. Introduction
3. Legal Framework
4. Road Safety Impact Assessment
5. Road Safety Audit
6. Road Safety Inspection
7. Definitions
8. References

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 2

 Part 1
Learning Outcomes

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 3

Learning Outcomes
• How the road authorities manage the
road safety on their road network using
different procedures
• How to select and apply the appropriate
tool for roads in operation, under
construction or at the design or planning
stage

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 4

 Part 2
Introduction

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 5

Road Safety Management

Network- Road
Road Safety
Road Safety Road Safety wide Road Network
Impact
Audit Inspection Safety Safety
Assessment
Assessment Management

PROACTIVE REACTIVE

DESING
PLANNING OPERATION
Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework OPERATION
and Management Tools, Page 6 OPERATION
CONSTRUCTION
 Part 3
Legal Framework

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 7

Legal Framework
• Europe: NEW
EU DIRECTIVE 2019/1936
– EU Directive 2008/96/EC, 19 November of the European Parliament
2008, on road infrastructure safety and of the Council of 23
management October 2019, amending
Directive 2008/96/EC

• Spain:
– R.D. 345/2011, 11 de marzo, sobre
gestión de la seguridad vial de las New
Transposición en España
infraestructuras viarias en la Red de (<17 de diciembre de 2021)
Carreteras del Estado R.D. 61/2022, 25 de enero

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 8

EU Directive 2008/96/EC
• Directive 2008/96/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 19 November
2008 on road infrastructure safety management
– Road Safety Pillars - establishment and
implementation of procedures relating to:
• Road safety impact assessment
• Road safety audit
• Management of road network safety
• Safety inspections
– Mandatory in the trans-European road network at
the design stage, under construction or in operation
Periodic vs.Targeted Lesson
RSIs 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 9 New NWA Manual (2023)
EU Directive 2008/96/EC
• Application of the EU Directive:
EU DIRECTIVE 2019/1936
– Even though the Directive is mandatory in the TERN+
trans-European road network (TERN), mainly Motorways+
composed of motorways, Member States are other Primary Roads
To be defined by each Member
also invited to adopt the provisions of the State, by 17 December 2021
Directive as a set of good practices for the
road network not included in the trans-
European road network
• As an example, in Italy the application of the
Directive was mandatory for the whole national
road network since January 1st, 2016

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 10

EU Directive 2008/96/EC
• Art. 2: Definitions
– For the purposes of this Directive, the following
definitions shall apply

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 11

EU Directive 2008/96/EC
• Transposition to Spain:
– RD 345/2011, 11 de marzo, sobre gestión de la
seguridad vial de las infraestructuras viarias en la
Red de Carreteras del Estado – Red Transeuropea

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 12

R.D. 345/2011 - Gestión de la seguridad vial
• Prácticamente coincide con la Directiva:
– Adaptación de la terminología a los conceptos y
términos habituales en España - Definiciones

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 13

R.D. 345/2011 - Gestión de la seguridad vial
• Desarrollo Normativo:
– OC 30/2012 Aprobación de las directrices de
procedimientos de gestión de seguridad viaria
• OC 39/2017 Directrices gestión seguridad viaria (modifica la
OC 30/2012 solo para auditorías)
– OC 41/2017 Partida alzada de abono íntegro para:
• “Ejecución de medidas como consecuencia del informe de
auditoría de seguridad viaria en la fase inicial en servicio" a
incluir en los proyectos de la red de carreteras del estado
– OM FOM/1649/2012 Acreditación y Certificación de
Lesson 1.3
Auditores de seguridad viaria

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 14

R.D. 345/2011 - Gestión de la seguridad vial
• OC 30/2012 Aprobación de las directrices de los
procedimientos para la gestión de la seguridad viaria
– OC 39/2017 Directrices Gestion Seguridad (modifica la OC
30/2012 solo para auditorías)

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 15

R.D. 345/2011 - Gestión de la seguridad vial
• OC 30/2012 + OC 39/2017:
– Directrices:
• Procedimiento para la realización de evaluaciones de impacto
de las infraestructuras viarias en la seguridad en la Red de Lesson 5
Carreteras del Estado
• Procedimiento para la realización de auditorías de seguridad
viaria en la Red de Carreteras del Estado Lesson 3.2
• Procedimiento para la gestión de tramos de concentración de
accidentes y la clasificación de la seguridad en la Red de
Carreteras del Estado
• Procedimiento para la realización de inspecciones de
seguridad viaria en la Red de Carreteras del Estado
Lesson 2.1
• Programa de formación inicial y de actualización periódica de
conocimientos de auditores de seguridad viaria de la Red de Lesson 1.3
Carreteras del Estado
Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 16
 Part 4
Road Safety Impact Assessment

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 17

Road Safety Impact Assessment
• A road safety impact assessment should be
carried out for all infrastructure projects
– At the initial planning stage before the
infrastructure project is approved
– Following the criteria set out in Annex I
– Indicate the road safety considerations which
contribute to the choice of the proposed solution
– Provide all relevant information necessary for a
cost-benefit analysis of the different options
assessed

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 18

Road Safety Impact Assessment - Criteria
1. Elements of a road safety impact
assessment:
– problem definition
– current situation and ‘do nothing’ scenario
– road safety objectives
– analysis of impacts on road safety of the
proposed alternatives
– comparison of the alternatives, including cost-
benefit analysis
– presentation of the range of possible solutions

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 19

Road Safety Impact Assessment - Criteria
2. Elements to be taken into account:
– fatalities and accidents, reduction targets against scenario 0
– route choice and traffic patterns
– possible effects on the existing networks (e.g. exits,
intersections, level crossings)
– road users, including vulnerable users (e.g. pedestrians,
cyclists, motorcyclists)
– traffic (e.g. traffic volume, traffic categorisation by type);
– seasonal and climatic conditions
– presence of a sufficient number of safe parking areas
– seismic activity

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 20

 Part 5
Road Safety Audit

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 21

Road Safety Audit
• A road safety audit shall be carried out for all
infrastructure projects
– Form an integral part of the design process of the
infrastructure project at the stages of:
• Draft design (preliminary design)
• Detailed design
• Pre-opening
• Early operation
– Following the criteria (Annex I) for every stage
– An auditor is appointed to carry out an audit of the
design characteristics of an infrastructure project
Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 22
Road Safety Audit
• Auditor role:
– The auditor shall have the necessary competence and training
– Where audits are undertaken by teams, at least one member
shall hold a certificate of competence
– Audit report for each stage shall set out safety critical design
elements, including relevant recommendations from a safety
point of view
– Where unsafe features are identified in the audit report but
the design is not rectified before the end of the appropriate
stage, the reasons shall be stated by the competent entity in
an Annex to that report
Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 23
RSA - Preliminary Design Stage
• Criteria (1/2):
– Geographical location (e.g. exposure to
landslides, flooding, avalanches), seasonal
and climatic conditions and seismic
activity
– Types of and distance between junctions
– Number and type of lanes
– Kinds of traffic admissible to the new road
– Functionality of the road in the network
– Meteorological conditions
– Driving speeds

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 24

RSA - Preliminary Design Stage
• Criteria (2/2):
– Cross-sections (e.g. width of
carriageway, cycle tracks, foot paths)
– Horizontal and vertical alignments
– Visibility
– Junctions layout
– Public transport and infrastructures
– Road/rail level crossings

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 25

RSA - Detailed Design Stage
• Criteria:
– Layout
– Coherent road signs and markings
– Lighting of lit roads and intersections
– Roadside equipment
– Roadside environment including vegetation
– Fixed obstacles at the roadside
– Provision of safe parking areas
– Vulnerable road users
– User-friendly adaptation of road restraint
systems (central reservations and crash barriers to prevent
hazards to VRUs)

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 26

RSA - Pre-opening Stage
• Criteria:
– Safety of road users and visibility
under different conditions such as
darkness and under normal weather
conditions
– Readability of road signs and
markings
– Condition of pavements

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 27

RSA - Early Operation Stage
• Criteria:
– Assessment of road safety in the light of
actual behavior of users

Audits at any stage may involve the need to

reconsider criteria from previous stages

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 28

 Part 6
Road Safety Inspection

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 29

Road Safety Inspection
• Road safety inspections shall be undertaken in
respect of the roads in operation:
– Identify the road safety related features and prevent
accidents
– Periodic inspections of the road network and surveys
on the possible impact of roadworks on the safety of
the traffic flow:
• by the competent entity
• sufficiently frequent to safeguard adequate safety levels
• adopt guidelines on temporary safety measures applying to
roadworks (also implement an appropriate inspection
scheme to ensure that those guidelines are properly applied)
Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 30
Road Safety Inspection
• Once road sections with a high
accident concentration have been
treated and remedial measures have
been taken, safety inspections as a
preventive measure should assume a
more important role
• Regular inspections are an essential
tool for preventing possible dangers for
all road users, including vulnerable
users, and also in case of roadworks
Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 31
Road Safety Inspection
• The term ordinary indicates that an in-
depth, forensic investigation is not expected
• The measures to be carried out in response
to the inspection are described as
maintenance work:
– This suggests that major changes to the layout
of the road, entailing high cost, are not
envisaged as countermeasures
– However, it is anticipated that engineering works
are required to remediate the issues

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 32

Road Safety Inspection
• The term periodic indicates the need for
inspections to be repeated at intervals,
rather than being a once-off event:
– At least every 6 years
• Recommendations on remedial measures
are not the main focus of the Inspection:
– The highway agency has responsibility for the
development and design of remedial
measures, based on the Inspection report

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 33

 Part 7a
Definitions
EU Directive 2008/96/EC

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 34

Definitions
• Trans-European road network:
– The road network identified in Section 2 of Annex I to Decision No
1692/96/EC
• Competent entity:
– Any public or private organization set up at national, regional or
local level, involved in the implementation of this Directive by
reason of its competences, including bodies designated as
competent entities which existed before the entry into force of this
Directive, in so far as they meet the requirements of this Directive

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 35

Definitions
• Road safety impact assessment:
– A strategic comparative analysis of the impact of a new road or a
substantial modification to the existing network on the safety
performance of the road network
• Road safety audit:
– An independent detailed systematic and technical safety check
relating to the design characteristics of a road infrastructure
project and covering all stages from planning to early operation

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 36

Definitions
• Ranking of high accident concentration sections:
– A method to identify, analyze and rank sections of the road
network which have been in operation for more than three years
and upon which a large number of fatal accidents in proportion to
the traffic flow have occurred
• Network safety ranking:
– A method for identifying, analyzing and classifying parts of the
existing road network according to their potential for safety
development and accident cost savings

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 37

Definitions
• Safety inspection:
– An ordinary periodical verification of the characteristics and
defects that require maintenance work for reasons of safety
• Guidelines:
– Measures adopted by Member States, which lay down the steps to
be followed and the elements to be considered in applying the
safety procedures set out in this Directive
• Infrastructure project:
– A project for the construction of new road infrastructure or a
substantial modification to the existing network which affects the
traffic flow
Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 38
 Part 7b
Definitions
R.D. 345/2011

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 39

Definiciones
• Red Transeuropea de Carreteras:
– Red de carreteras descrita en sección 2 del anexo I de la Decisión
1692/96/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo (23/7/1996)
• Actuación:
– Conjunto de actividades para la construcción o mejora de un tramo
de carretera, desde la fase de planificación hasta puesta en servicio
• Modificaciones sustanciales de una carretera:
– Actuaciones que incluyan duplicaciones de calzada, variantes de
población u obras de acondicionamiento de carreteras existentes en
una longitud continuada de más de 10 km

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 40

Definiciones
• Obras de acondicionamiento:
– Obras cuya finalidad es la modificación de las características
geométricas de la carretera existente, con actuaciones tendentes a
mejorar los tiempos de recorrido, el nivel de servicio y la seguridad
de la circulación
• Proyecto de infraestructura:
– Proyecto para la construcción de una infraestructura viaria nueva o
la modificación sustancial de infraestructuras de la red ya existente
con efectos en el flujo de tráfico, incluyendo todas las fases de su
desarrollo: proyecto de trazado, proyecto de construcción y
proyecto de construcción modificado
Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 41
Definiciones
• Evaluación del impacto de las infraestructuras viarias en la
seguridad:
– Análisis estratégico comparativo de la repercusión de una carretera
nueva o de la modificación sustancial de una carretera ya existente
sobre la seguridad de la red de carreteras
• Auditoría de seguridad viaria:
– Comprobación independiente, pormenorizada, sistemática y técnica
de la seguridad de las características de diseño de un proyecto de
infraestructuras viarias, aplicada a las diferentes fases que van desde
el anteproyecto a la explotación en su fase inicial

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 42

Definiciones
• Equipo de Auditoría:
– Grupo de técnicos expertos en ingeniería de carreteras y en
seguridad de las infraestructuras viarias, independientes de los que
redacten un proyecto, encargado de realizar la auditoría de
seguridad viaria
• Auditor principal:
– Técnico responsable de un Equipo de Auditoría y de la redacción de
los informes de auditoría correspondientes
• Auditor auxiliar:
– Técnico que forma parte de un Equipo de Auditoría

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 43

Definiciones
• Informe de auditoría:
– Documento en el que se refleja el resultado de una auditoría de
seguridad viaria
• Informe respuesta:
– Informe en el que se reflejan las decisiones adoptadas como
consecuencia de lo especificado en el correspondiente Informe de
Auditoría

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 44

Definiciones
• Tramo de concentración de accidentes (TCA):
– Tramo de carretera de longitud no superior a 3 km, salvo
excepciones justificadas, que lleve en explotación más de tres años,
en el que las estadísticas de accidentes registrados indican que el
nivel de riesgo de accidente es significativamente superior al de
aquellos tramos de la red con características semejantes
• Tramo completo de carretera:
– Tramo de carretera comprendido entre dos elementos en los que
pueden producirse modificaciones en las condiciones del tráfico o
de la propia carretera que afectan a la seguridad viaria: nudos
(intersecciones o enlaces, poblaciones o límites provinciales)
Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 45
Definiciones
• Clasificación del potencial de mejora de seguridad de las
carreteras de la red:
– Método para agrupar los tramos completos de la red de carreteras
en servicio atendiendo a su potencial de mejora de la seguridad y de
ahorro de costes originados por los accidentes de circulación
• Tramo de alto potencial de mejora de la seguridad (TAPM):
– Tramo completo de carretera con un alto potencial de ahorro de los
costes originados por los accidentes en el que se espera que una
mejora de la infraestructura sea altamente efectiva

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 46

Definiciones
• Inspección de seguridad viaria:
– Comprobación ordinaria periódica de las características y los
defectos que requieren una intervención de mantenimiento por
motivos de seguridad
• Directrices:
– Pautas sobre los pasos que deben darse y los elementos que deben
tenerse en cuenta a la hora de aplicar los procedimientos en materia
de seguridad establecidos por el presente Real Decreto y su proceso
de aplicación

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 47

 Part 8
References

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 48

References
• DIRECTIVE 2008/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 19 November 2008 on road infrastructure safety
management (Official Journal of the European Union 29.11.2008 L
319/59-67)
• RD 345/2011 sobre gestión de la seguridad de las infraestructuras
viarias en la RCE
• DIRECTIVE 2019/1936 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 23 October 2019 amending Directive 2008/96/EC on road
infrastructure safety management (Official Journal of the European
Union 26.11.2019 L 305/1-16)

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 49

References
• OM FOM/1649/2012 Certificación de auditores de seguridad viaria
• OC 30/2012 Aprobación de las directrices de seguridad viaria
• OC 39/2017 Directrices Gestion Seguridad (modifica la OC 30/2012
solo para auditorías)
• OC 41/2017 Partida Alzada
• “Current status of European Directive 2008/96/EC on road
infrastructure safety management after 10 years since published”
– Arranz Cuenca, Ana I.; RUTAS Vol. 177 Octubre - Diciembre 2018. Págs 12-25.

• Network Wide Road Safety Assessment: Methodology and

Implementation Handbook (2023). European Commission
Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 50
 Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools

• Prof. Alfredo García: agarciag@tra.upv.es

ks for your attent

T han ion

Lesson 1.2: Legal Framework and Management Tools, Page 51