UGC NET JRF 2022

PART – 7

MAHA
PRACTICE
RESEARCH APTITUDE
With Previous Year
Explanation Questions
PROFESSORS ADDA(YOUR SUCCESS IS OUR MISSION) Online Classes/ Test Series / Pdf Notes (7690022111)
 RESEARCH APTITUDE
Previous Year Questions
Q61.Which of techniques are used to control extraneous variables in research?
A. Change in instrument
B. Randomization
C. Matching
D. Removing variable
E. Changing the research method

Choose the correct answer:

1. A, B, C
2. B, C, D
3. C, D, E
4. A, B, E
Q61.Which of techniques are used to control extraneous variables in research?
A. Change in instrument
B. Randomization
C. Matching
D. Removing variable
E. Changing the research method

Choose the correct answer:

1. A, B, C
2. B, C, D
3. C, D, E
4. A, B, E
Extraneous variable
• In an experiment, an extraneous variable is any variable that you’re not
investigating that can potentially affect the outcomes of your research
study.
• If left uncontrolled, extraneous variables can lead to inaccurate
conclusions about the relationship between independent and dependent
variables.
There are three key considerations to take when controlling extraneous
variables:
• Participant variables – minimizing differences between participants (e.g.
their stage of development such as age, or ability such as IQ).
• Researcher variables – factors such as researcher behaviour, appearance or
gender could affect participant responses, so should be made consistent
throughout the experiment.
• Situational variables – control of the setting where the experiment takes
place, such as keeping light, sound and temperature levels consistent.
1. The technique of elimination : to eliminate them from the
research design.
2. The constancy of condition : when extranous variables can’t be
controlled, they must be held constant throughout the experiment
so that its effect is nullified easily.
3. Randomization : it randomly distributes the extraneous effects
over the experimental and control conditions.
4. Matching subjects with random assignments : It is used for
assigning subjects to groups to match individual subjects on
extraneous variables
Q62. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and
the other is labelled as reason (R).
• Assertion A ; Research in the field of science require more fund than that
in the field of social sciences and humanities.
• Reason R ; only in economically rich countries research in science of high
quality is possible.

1. (A) is false but (R) is true.

2. (A) is true but (R) is false .
3. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
Q62. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and
the other is labelled as reason (R).
• Assertion A ; Research in the field of science require more fund than that
in the field of social sciences and humanities.
• Reason R ; only in economically rich countries research in science of high
quality is possible.

1. (A) is false but (R) is true.

2. (A) is true but (R) is false .
3. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
4. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
Q63.Given below are two statement:
• Statement I : A systematic review can be describe as a ‘ replicable and scientific
process’.
• Statement II : A transparent review may help us in minimizing personal and
other biased.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are False.
3. Statement I is True but Statement II is False.
4. Statement I is false but statement II is true.
Q63.Given below are two statement:
• Statement I : A systematic review can be describe as a ‘ replicable and scientific
process’.
• Statement II : A transparent review may help us in minimizing personal and
other biased.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are False.
3. Statement I is True but Statement II is False.
4. Statement I is false but statement II is true.
Q64. Summarising and interpreting primary studies related to the
identified research question or objective in a qualitative manner is
called:

1. Qualitative review
2. Realistic review
3. Narrative review
4. Meta review
Q64. Summarising and interpreting primary studies related to the
identified research question or objective in a qualitative manner is
called:

1. Qualitative review
2. Realistic review
3. Narrative review
4. Meta review
Five other types of systematic reviews

1. Rapid review
Assessment of what is already known about a policy or practice issue by using
systematic review methods to search and critically appraise existing research.
2. Narrative review
Synthesises primary studies and explores this through description rather than
statistics.
3. Meta-analysis
Statistically combines the results of quantitative studies to provide a more precise
effect on the results.
4. Mixed methods/mixed studies
Refers to any combination of methods where one significant
component is a literature review (usually systematic). Within a review
context, it refers to a combination of review approaches. For example,
combining quantitative with qualitative research or outcome with
process studies.
Q65. By what name this validity is known for where an assessment of the
measurement validity of a measure that compares it to another measure of
the same concept that has been generated from a different methods?

1. Predictive validity
2. Construct validity
3. Concurrent validity
4. Convergent validity
Q65. By what name this validity is known for where an assessment of the
measurement validity of a measure that compares it to another measure of
the same concept that has been generated from a different methods?

1. Predictive validity
2. Construct validity
3. Concurrent validity
4. Convergent validity
Type of validity
1. Construct validity (same as validity)
The adherence of a measure to existing theory and knowledge of the
concept being measured.
• Convergent Validity – When two similar questions reveal the same
result.
• Divergent Validity – When two opposite questions reveal opposite
results

2. Content validity
The extent to which the measurement covers all aspects of the concept
being measured.
3. Creterion validity
The extent to which the result of a measure corresponds to other valid
measures of the same concept. Criterion validity is an estimate of the
extent to which a measure agrees with a gold standard

• Concurrent validity refers to the degree in which the scores on a

measurement are related to other scores on other measurements
that have already been established as valid.

• It is different from predictive validity, which requires you to

compare test scores to performance on some other measure in the
future.
4. Face validity
Face validity is the extent to which a test is subjectively viewed
as covering the concept it purports to measure. This probably
the weakest way to try to demonstrate construct validity.

5. Internal validity : which is related to variables

6. External validity : which is related to sample.

Q66. The probability of not accepting the null hypothesis when
the alternative hypothesis is acceptable is called:

1. Rejection range
2. Demarcation
3. Normative incidence
4. Power
Q66. The probability of not accepting the null hypothesis when
the alternative hypothesis is acceptable is called:

1. Rejection range
2. Demarcation
3. Normative incidence
4. Power
Q67. Match the list – 1 with list – 2.
List – 1 Statistical terms List – 2 Description
A. Nominal 1. Spread in values of data
B. Ordinal 2. Expected value
C. Mean 3. Ranking
D. Variance 4. Categorization

1 A-1 B-2 C-4 D-3

2 A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1
3 A-3 B-1 C-4 D-2
4 A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1
Q67. Match the list – 1 with list – 2.
List – 1 Statistical terms List – 2 Description
A. Nominal 1. Spread in values of data
B. Ordinal 2. Expected value
C. Mean 3. Ranking
D. Variance 4. Categorization

1 A-1 B-2 C-4 D-3

2 A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1
3 A-3 B-1 C-4 D-2
4 A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1
Q68. Match the list – 1 with list – 2.
List – 1 Variables List – 2 Characteristic
A. Independent 1. Can be used to divide subjects into
specific categories
B. Dependent 2. Cannot be divided into subparts
C. Control 3. Represents the cause
D. Discrete 4. The variable that is affected

1 A-1 B-2 C-4 D-3

2 A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1
3 A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2
4 A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1
Q68. Match the list – 1 with list – 2.
List – 1 Variables List – 2 Characteristic
A. Independent 1. Can be used to divide subjects into
specific categories
B. Dependent 2. Cannot be divided into subparts
C. Control 3. Represents the cause
D. Discrete 4. The variable that is affected

1 A-1 B-2 C-4 D-3

2 A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1
3 A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2
4 A-4 B-3 C-2 D-1
Q69.Ethnography refers to;

1. A research design that rules out aiternative casual explanations of

findings dering from it.
2. An attribute in terms of which cases do not differ.
3. A research method where the researcher immerse himself/herself
in a social setting for an extended period of time for providing an
account of particular culture, society or community
4. A measure that is employed to refer to a concept when no direct
measure is available
Q69.Ethnography refers to;

1. A research design that rules out aiternative casual explanations of

findings dering from it.
2. An attribute in terms of which cases do not differ.
3. A research method where the researcher immerse
himself/herself in a social setting for an extended period of time
for providing an account of particular culture, society or
community
4. A measure that is employed to refer to a concept when no direct
measure is available
• Ethnography is a type of qualitative research that involves immersing
yourself in a particular community or organization to observe their
behavior and interactions up close.

• Ethnography is a flexible research method that allows you to gain a

deep understanding of a group’s shared culture, conventions, and
social dynamics.

• However, it also involves some practical and ethical challenges.

• The main advantage of ethnography is that it gives the researcher
direct access to the culture and practices of a group.

• It is a useful approach for learning first-hand about the behavior and

interactions of people within a particular context.
Q70. Scientists should put aside, their personal beliefs and biases and
see the world as it “ really” is . Which one of the following
philosophical positions supports the above statement?

1. Constructivism
2. Inductivism
3. Positivism
4. Post - positivism
Q70. Scientists should put aside, their personal beliefs and biases and
see the world as it “ really” is . Which one of the following
philosophical positions supports the above statement?

1. Constructivism
2. Inductivism
3. Positivism
4. Post - positivism