0625 IGCSE Physics Formula Sheet

Cosmo
April 22, 2024

Contents
1 General Physics 2
1.1 Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Hooke’s Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.6 Moments Of Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.7 Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.8 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.9 Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.10 Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.11 Collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Thermal Physics 5
2.1 Kelvin Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Boyle’s Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 Heat Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 Waves 6
3.1 Wave Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2 Law of Reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4 Electricity 6
4.1 Circut Formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2 Resistors in Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.3 Resistors in Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.4 Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

5 Astrophysics 7
5.1 Orbital Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2 Hubble Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1
1 General Physics
1.1 Force
F = ma

W = mg

F →
− force (N )
m→
− mass (kg)
− acceleration (m/s2 )
a→
W →
− weight (N )
− acceleration due to freefall // gravitational field strength (m/s2 )
g→

1.2 Motion
d
v=
t
dtotal
vaverage =
ttotal

v→
− velocity/speed (m/s)
d→
− displacement/distance m
t→
− time taken (s)

1.3 Density
m
ρ=
V

− density (kg/m3 )
ρ→
− volume (m3 )
V →
m→
− mass (kg)

2
1.4 Momentum
p = mv
p
F =
t
I = Ft

p→
− momentum (kgm/s)
v→
− velocity/speed (m/s)
m→
− mass (kg)
F →
− force (N )
t→
− time taken (s)
I→
− impulse (N s)

1.5 Hooke’s Law

F = kx

F →
− force (N )
k→
− spring constant (N/m)
x→
− extension (m)

1.6 Moments Of Force

Moment = F d

F →
− force (N )
d→
− distance (m)

1.7 Energy
1
Ek = mv 2
2
EGP = mgh
W = Fd

Ek →
− kinetic energy (J)
EGP →
− gravitational potential energy (J)
W →
− work done (J)

3
 F →
− force (N )
d→
− distance (m)
v→
− velocity/speed (m/s)
m→
− mass (kg)
− acceleration due to freefall // gravitational field strength (m/s2 )
g→
h→
− height (m)

1.8 Power
E
P =
t
W
P =
t

P →
− power (W )
W →
− work done (J)
E→
− energy (J)
t→
− time taken (s)

1.9 Efficiency
NOTE: The symbol for efficiency is η, however you are not required to know
this, I have used it purely for simplicity.
useful energy output
η=
useful energy input
useful power output
η=
useful power input
Remember to multiply by 100 to convert to a percentage if needed.

1.10 Pressure
F
p=
A
p = ρgh

− pressure (N/m2 )
p→
F →
− force (N )
− area (m2 )
A→
− acceleration due to freefall // gravitational field strength (m/s2 )
g→
h→
− height (m)

4
1.11 Collisions
m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v1 + m2 v2

v→
− velocity/speed (m/s)
m→
− mass (kg)

2 Thermal Physics
2.1 Kelvin Conversion
T = θ + 273

T →
− temperature in Kelvin (K)
θ→
− temperature in degrees celsius

2.2 Boyle’s Law

pV = constant
p1 V1 = p2 V2

− pressure (N/m2 )
p→
− volume (m3 )
V →

2.3 Heat Energy

Q = mc∆θ

Q→
− heat energy (J)
m→
− mass (kg)
c→
− specific heat capacity (J/kg deg C
θ→
− temperature in degrees celsius

5
3 Waves
3.1 Wave Formula
v = fλ

1
T =
f

v→
− velocity/speed (m/s)
f→
− frequency (Hz)
λ→
− wavelength (m)
T →
− time period (s)

3.2 Law of Reflection

i=r

r→
− angle of reflection
i→
− angle of incidence

4 Electricity
4.1 Circut Formulae
Q
I=
t
V
R=
I
V = IR

P =VI
V2
P =
R
P = I 2R

E = IV t
E = Pt

I→
− current (A)

6
 V →
− voltage (V )
R→
− resistance (Ω)
P →
− power (W )
E→
− energy (J)
t→
− time taken (s)

4.2 Resistors in Series

R = R1 + R2 + ... + Rn

R→
− resistance (Ω)

4.3 Resistors in Parallel

1 1 1 1
= + + ... +
R R1 R2 Rn

R→
− resistance (Ω)

4.4 Transformer
Pin = Pout
Vp Np Is
= =
Vs Ns Ip

P →
− power (W)
V →
− voltage in primary (P) or secondary (S) (V)
I→
− current in primary (P) or secondary (S) (A)
N→
− number of turns in primary (P) or secondary (S)

5 Astrophysics
5.1 Orbital Velocity
2πr
v=
T

v→
− orbital velocity/speed (m/s)
r→
− orbital radius (m)
T →
− orbital time period (s)

7
5.2 Hubble Constant
v = Ho d

Ho →
− hubble constant
v→
− recession speed (m/s)
d→
− distance from galaxy (m)