ALGEBRA 20 25 Marks

V1 Indices
V2 Factorization
ÉÑ V3 Quadratic Equation Solving
V4 Makingsubject
V5 Simultaneous Eq
V6 Functions
T Algebaic Expansions
Most important
 ALGEBRA
INDICES Marks
ipod

INDEX POWER Base

INDICES POWERS

I am x an amin
Samebases Multiply Powers added

n
am an am
Same bases Divide PowersSubtract

CAUTION
this cannot
am an x be simplified
further
am an x
GOLDEN RULE ALL PROPERTIES OF
INDICES ONLY WORK
FOR MULTIPLY DIVIDE
Example
5
1 23 25 23 28

2 45 45
2
43
42

2 am x b a xb If two different
bases with same
am m
power are being
pm f multiplied Divided
you can take
power common
CAUTION
you are not allowed to take
power common
if terms are

being add SUB

am tbh ah
am bm a
BaseforAlgebra

at t b Wth ftp ie
 44
aka
4
at b
4 sit
35

a x b ax by Grant
m
3 a xb amxbm you are allowed
m
to open power
am if terms
g bm
directly
are being
Multiplied Divided
CAUTION
YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO OPEN
POWER DIRECTLY IF TERMS
ARE ADD SUB
BEING
atb amfm
a b fm
am

2
47 412
1 in 25 in 5
22 22 5
This is
wrong
we this using
open
atb a Zab tb
2
a b 92 Lab tb
 C
we will learn to use these later
xn
4 Am am
POWER KI POWER MULTIPLY HOGI

x x Ex

5 NEGATIVE POWERS
MATHS PPL HATE NEGATIVE POWERS
at

If we
reciprocate base 1 sign of
power changes
2
EI 1

2
6 9 1 0
30 1 we do
not like
7 1
to talk
1 2 1 about this

E 1 51 26
2
2 4 4 3 5 5
1

to 55

7 199 1

13 1 Q 32 1
15 1 23
3 1
1
5
941
13 1
8 FRACTIONAL POWERS SURDS

3 I x's
Fav Power

Method 1 Method 2
2
1 83 23 2
33 22 4 1 83 855 135 2 4

643 6435 645 564 45 16

44 11 42
2 2
16

3 64 8 83 512 3 64 64
564
83 512

9
x 4ᵗʰ
goes to other side
when power
it is
of sign
reciprocated

E 1 23
83
2
4
 2
of 16

10 POWERS AND DECIMALS ARE NOT FRIENDS

EX 1 0.2 E 155 25
E
2 0 008 02
3

EQUATION SOLVING

1 7m 73 7 You can cancel

7m 75 base only if
m 3 12 1
Single base
m 9 2 Same base

2 125
5,1
m 4
5
m 4 3
 m 7

3 7 7 1 0 1 25 24 1
1m14 Ineffaf 28
71 4 170 1 2Mt 1
m 4 0 28
4 8
m 2m74 1
4
2m 2

min P
4 8 2
23 2
2 21 wrongTreatment
36 1

5 10 0.001
10 I
1000

10

3
101
C 3
 Steps Simplify and
5 Simplify cancel everything
186
45
possible inside bracket

1
3
Steps open the power
directly on each term
and simplify
1 5
4

2 2
3 x

4s
2
9

if
Ij

4
16
48
4
8
Y
4 22
44
4MARKS FACTORIZATION I
Ans Fatorize
a2 b atb a

TWOTERMS Steps Take common if possible

Step2 a b atb a b
FACTORIZE
1 4 10 4 522 20 6 4 43 1624
2
212 5 51 4
2
2 6 9 5 1 5 125 4 4142 4
x 3 5 x 2 2 2
2 3 71 3 5 722 63
3 1 1622 7122 9
1 4 12 7 x 35
1 4 761 42 71 376 3

THREE TERMS MIDDLETERM BREAKING

1 12
a 1
11 1 12 13

22 32 42 12 4 2 6 8
1 3 4
2 3 41 3 3 4 7
3 2 4
2 Ét6X 1 15 1 16 17
2 8 10

22 82 22 16 0 44 8
6 8 2 x 8 8 2 6
2 8 x 2

Rule If the Dist term of any group is

negative it is COMPULSORY TO
take ve common
When we take re common

signs inside bracket change

3
1051227200 19 1 20 21
22 2x 10K 20 8 2 10

x 2 10 x 2 1 4 5 9
x 10 x 2 2 10 12
2 10 12
 4 22 240 24
1 24

22 bx 42 24 2 12

x 6 4 x 6 3 8
x 6 2 4 4 6
6 4 2
6 4 2

5 022297 150 30
222 302 12 15 29 1 30
2 15
2 2 15 1 2 15
2 15 22 1 3 18
30 29

6
É4 y 1 12

22 624 2
4 1242 2 6
3 4
4
RCR G 24 x 64 6 2

12 64 2 6 2 4
24
 FOUR TERMS Group and take
common
E
ant bx
ay by
an bx
ay by
alkty b y
arty a b

Sometimes there is no common

in the groups We have to
the terms
rearrange
while
rearranging always
keep both positive terms first
and then both
negative term
 FACTORIZE SOLVE
Ans IL x D R

Factorize SOLVE

0 120 22 72 12 0
22 3 4 12 12 22 3 4 12 0
2 3 46 3 314 7 212 3 46 3 0 3 4
x 3 x 4 34 7 2 371 4 0 35.4 1
OR
Either 2 4 0

3 2 4

Solve
Q E
2n 3 2 1 0 Mark

the
1 0
21 3 2 1

1M 2 3 2 5 2

21 2 or 2
THIS IS WRONG
In this question first expand bring
to side then factorize
2
left
again
2T 2

2 5 371 15 2
22 2x 17 0

Now the examquestion

will be solved using
factorization
 QUADRATIC EQUATION SOLVING

are bx C 0

FACTORIZATION COMPLETED SQUARE FORMULA

Twoterms A X b C x b Jb24ac
1 Common za
2 a b atb a b a b and c are Make sure
you
numbers write formula and
Threeterm 1 signs can be do detailed
MiddleTermBreak
different working to earn
2 x 35 5 4 Marks
FourTerms 2 x 3 4
Group and take 2 x 57 2
common 3 x 5 7 12

2 3 Marks Only use completed 3 4 Marks

No mention method when Question has
of square
decimal places the first part ofquestion specified decimal
or significant to
requires go
to this places or significant
figures form figures
Q Solve by factorization

22 8 2 16 0 1 16
x 8 21 8 0
x 8 2 2 0
L
8 2 6
x 8 0 or
2 8

21 X 25 0
x 5 7 0 X2 25 0
0
x 5 x 5 22 25
1525
5
5 or 5
Q Express 2
2
122 10 in form q x b c
completedsquareform
2
2 x2 6 135 3 5

2 9 5

25714
2 x 37 8
a x b c

9 2 C 8
 2
Q Express 3 242 30 in form a x b c
completedsquarefor'm
2
8 11
31 145 10

31T 16 10

3575 2
6
3 x 4 18
a x b c

9 3 0 18
44
Q Express 222 20K 7 in form a x b c

2 X 10 155 155
12

FTII2
21
2

2 n 5 50 7
2
2 x 5 43
a x b C

Q Convert the following to form a x b c

i 2k 122 4
2 x2 62 3 3 2

2
2 R 3 9 2

EAT
2 n 3 14
 Afx b c

a 2 2 14

111 322 182 27

2
3 x 62 3 35 9
2
3 x 3 9 9

3 6 3

111 x2 12K 5
2
122 6 6 5
x
2
R 6 36 5
2
1 x 6 31
a x b c
Iv 506 402 10
2 2
5 x 8k 4 4 2

5 x 4 16 2

STEPS
2
5 x 4 90
a x b c

V 334 6004 3

3 R 202 405 105 1

3 R 10 100 I

355 49
3 n 1072 297
a x b c
Q i Express at 62 3 in
form 1 59
2
x 6 137 3 3
x 35 9 3
2
x 3 6

R 62 3 2 3 6

I solve at 6 3 0
giving
answer in
your form p Jq stating
values of P and q

22 6 3 0
2 3 6 0
x 3 IF
x 3 56
3156
p Jq
P 3 9 6
 QUADRATIC FORMULA

asttbx.to o

b b 4ac
2A

Q Solve 222 3x 1 0
up to 2dp 4
a 2 b 3 I
b b Hac
2A
1 3 372 412 1

212
x 3 17
4

3 517 3 17
4
or
4
CAUTION 3 57 14 wrong
3 57 4 correct

1.78 X 0.28
 Expansions

Factorize a b atb a b

MOST IMPORTANT PAGE IN MATHS

EXPANSIONS
tiffarent
Firstly atb a b allowed to open
a b a Xb power directly if
a b a xb terms are being
added subtracted
f
So Expand

atb at 2ab b a Zab b

2
oct 3 22 212 3 3 a 351 26 3 3
22 62 9 22 62 9
2 5 2n 2 a 5 1512
2
422 202 25 22 5 2n 2 2 5 5
3 42 3 4213 427 142 422 20 25
9 24K 16m
 MAKING SUBJECT OF FORMULA

TRICK Term being made subject should

be positive

Q Y Er
Make a
subject

3 2x
54
22 54 3
2K 3
57
3
254

Fy
9
4
h 9k
K
 T 2T

If
72g 422L
g 41,4

P2 7 44 3Ma
2p pt 4 1
4t pt Longest
2p 1
Question
2p 1 1 4 8
P t
p
P1 3Marks Longestquestion of paper

P2 3Marks Long question

 SIMULTAEOUS EQUATIONS

ELIMINATION SUBSTITUTION

Q 2k73g 5 Q xt2y
3
x
Yy 12 9 3
y
2
3rty 3 54 4
a
2g 7 2K
34
ELIMINATION
i
2
Letsmake
termssame
4 24 32 3 24 17
Samevalue 3 42 17 3 7
24 17
oppositesigns Ix 49
29 17 21
4 24 4
7 2
y
 3
48 2K 16
I 34
Y
2x 1 27 1
74 14 22 2 16
2
4 2K 14
K 7

SUBSTITUTION
K 29 4
4K 95 24 29 10 5
4629 y 95 24 18.5
116 44 95 24
116 95 44 24 Me
21 24
10.5
 I

19 4 7

124 1
351
124
1 334
364 3 354
364
354
 FUNCTIONS
4 MARKS P1
For IGCSE I will keep an extra class
as well since they have bit more in
syllabus

Input Number Output

Machines
y of f x

fix

f a 2K 5 gen 22 3

1
f 3 2137 5 11 5
g
E 173
73 7 6 2kt 5
2
g 2 2
f K

25 7 t 3 2 t 3 5
3
f 10 2 107 5 f
4 5 5 73 28 8 Kt 1 K 1 3
g g
TYPE

Q f x 2 5
Given that f 3 t 2
find it
f 3 t 2
2 3 5 t 2
11 t 2
t 9

Q g
n 32 5
Given that g K 12
find K

K 12
g
3k 5 12
3K 17
K
 3
Q f x 42

Given that f t t
find t

f t t

4t 3 t
4t t 3
4t t 3
3t 3
t 1

Q g a 22 3

Given that g K K find k

K K
g
2K 3 K
2k K 3
2K K 3
K 3
Q f n 3K 7

Given that f 3 1 12 findt

3 124
f 1

313 1 7 12T
at 3 7 127
10 12 9t
10 3t

INVERSE OF A FUNCTION Symbol

f a

Beware
Put 2
f1 in1function
means

STEPS Q f x 2 3 f a

1 Replace fin y Find inverse

22 3
y3 22
2 Make a subject
y 3
y
3 Replace
fix 12
3
y x
f x
2
Q fix 12 22 Find inverse
12 2K
y
2k 12
y 12
2K Y
K 12 y
2

f x 12 2
2

3 Find
Q f a 2
52
inverse

2 3
y 5K
5 22 3
4
5 22 3
4 3
2
54
3
2
5y