Steel Structures - II

CIE 4115, 2022, Lecture 17

Moment Resistant Joints, Modelling of joints
M.Veljkovic, Dept. Engineering Structures
Group: Steel and Composite Structures

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2022: Lecture 17, Moment resistant joints,
Modeling of joints

Content
- Calculation of joints in structural analysis
- Modelling of joints
- Criteria for full strength bending moment
- Redistribution of forces in tension
- Basics of components in compression
- Basics of components in shear
- Moment joint resistance (numerical example)

Learning objective
- Explain basic terms and theoretical background related to the
component method and apply its principles for a joint moment
resistance prediction.

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2022: Lecture 17

REFERENCE
Pages:

Ch 6.
p.235-247, 257-262, 268-277

JRC Ch.1 Joint

Chapter 3 p.134-186 characteristics
in frames
p.1-56
Reader 2022
Ch.3 Moment-
resistant joints in
frames
prEN1993-1-8:2021 Annex A p.1-52
p. 137-162
prEN1993-1-8:2022 Annex A

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CALCULATION OF JOINTS IN
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

1. Characterization/components 3. Modeling

2. Classification 4. Idealization

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 1. COMPONENTS OF BEAM-COLUMN JOINT
1
keff =
1
åk eff . j zj
åi k
j
keq =
zeq
i

åk
2
eff . j zj
j
z eq =
åk j
eff . j zj

Column web panel in shear wp A4

F Column web in transverse compression cwc A5

• Deformation di = i
ki E Column web in transverse tension twc A6

åd i
Column flange in bending tfc A7

• Rotation f j = i
z = zeq End plate in bending tep A8
z
Bolts in tension t A13

• Stiffness
Mj Fi z 2
Fi z E z2
S j .ini = = = =
fj å d i Fi å 1 å 1 5
z E ki ki
 2. CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS BY
STIFFNESS
Rigid if
EI b
S j ,ini ³ kb
Lb

Nominally
pinned if
EI b
S j ,ini £ 0.5
Lb

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2. CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS BY
STRENGTH

If the force distribution in the structure is determined by a global

plastic analysis

• nominally pinned Mj,Rd ≤ 0,25Mpl,Rd

• partial-strength 0,25Mpl,Rd < Mj,Rd < Mpl,Rd
• full-strength Mj,Rd ≥ Mpl,Rd
• rotation capacity not checked Mj,Rd ≥ 1,2Mpl,Rd

Criteria for a full

strength joint

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3. MODELLING OF JOINTS IN A FRAME

1
EIv = Sh
2 j c

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ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS RATIO

E z2
S j .ini = Modelling of joints
1
µå
ki

• Stiffness ratio: Ch. 7.2.6 prEN1993-1-8:2022

Type of connection y
Welded 2,7
Bolted end-plate 2,7
Bolted angle flange cleats 3,1
Base plate connections 2,7

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MODELLING OF SHEAR PANEL

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3. MODELLING OF JOINTS

• M1 "general model": the web panel in shear and each of

the connections modelled separately

Scwp

Sj
M1 M2

• M2 "simplified alternative": two separate but inter-acting

joints (b coefficient), one on each side.

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 MODELLING FOR GLOBAL ANALYSIS

M1 “General model“ M2 “Simplified model”

Scwp

Sj

Sj Sj

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MODELLING A SHEAR PANEL

Vwp,Ed Vwp,Ed
β1 = and β2 =
Fb1,Ed Fb2,Ed

with

Mb1,Ed – Mb2,Ed Vc1,Ed – Vc2,Ed

Vwp,Ed = –
z 2

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MODELLING OF SHEAR PANEL
prEN1993-1-8

• Accurate values 7.2.3 (4) prEN1993-1-8

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 COLUMN WEB IN TRANSVERSE
No Component

1
COMPRESSION
Column web panel in shear

Column web in transverse

2
compression Fc,Ed

𝜔 𝑘#! 𝑏&'',!,#! 𝑡#! 𝑓(,#!

3 𝐹
Column web=
!,#!,$% in transverse tension
𝛾)*

4 Column flange in bending

5 End-plate in bending

( )
b eff,c,wc = t fb + 2 2ap + 5 t fc + rc + sp

6 Flange cleat in bending

Beam or column flange and web in

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compression

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COLUMN WEB COMPRESSION
BUCKLING

kwc reduction factor to allow for interaction with compressive

stresses due to axial forces and bending moments in the column.
If the compressive stress in the web at the junction with the root
radius of a hot-rolled section is scom,Ed ≤ 0,7fy,wc no reduction is
required.
For scom,Ed > 0,7fy,wc a reduction is applied:

σ com,Ed
k wc = 1,7 –
fy,wc

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 COLUMN WEB PANEL IN SHEAR

0, 9fy,wc A vc
Vwp,Rd =
3γ M0

( )
A vc = A a – 2bt fc + t wc + 2r t fc

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JOINT MODELLING-EXAMPLES

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4. IDEALIZATION

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 TYPES OF MOMENT RESISTING
BEAM-TO-COLUMN JOINTS
Extended end-plate Flush end-plate

Fully welded Flange and web cleats

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 PREDICTION OF CONNECTION
BEHAVIOUR (STEENHUIS 1999)

Ez 2t fc
S j,ini,req =
kf

k s f y zt 2fc
M j,red ,rqd =
γ M0

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DESIGN
PROCESS

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OTHER JOINT TYPES
• Same principles apply to more moment resisting joint types.
• End-plate beam splice comprises of less components compared to
beam-to-column joint.
• Same principles are nowadays used for joints in composite beams.

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NUMERICAL EXAMPLE

scom,Ed = 180 N/mm2

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 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
COLUMN FLANGE IN BENDING

!eff,cp = 2pm = 2·p·27 = 170 mm

!eff,cp = pm + p = p·27 + 70 = 155 mm
!eff,nc = 4m + 1,25e = 4·27 + 1,25·30 = 146 mm
!eff,nc = 2m + 0,625e + 0,5p = 2·27 + 0,625·30 + 0,5·70 = 108 mm

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 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
END-PLATE IN BENDING, EXTENDED PART

mx = 0, 5p – 0, 8aef 2 – 0, 5t fb = 0, 5·70 – 0, 8·5· 2 – 0, 5·9, 2 = 24,7 mm

• !eff,cp = 2pmx = 2·p·25 = 157 mm

• !eff,cp = pmx + w = p·24,7 + 80 = 158 mm
• !eff,cp = pmx + 2e = p·24,7 + 2·30= 138 mm
• !eff,nc = 4mx + 1,25ex = 4·24,7 + 1,25·40 = 149 mm
• !eff,nc = e + 2mx + 0,625ex = 30 + 2·24,7 + 0,625·40 = 104 mm
• !eff,nc = 0.5bp = 0,5·140 = 70 mm
• !eff,nc = 0,5w + 2mx + 0,625ex = 0,5·80 + 2·24,7 + 0,625·40 = 114 mm

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NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
END-PLATE IN BENDING, UNDER THE FLANGE

( )
e = 0, 5 bp – w = 0, 5·(140 – 80 ) = 30 mm

m = 0, 5w – 0, 8aew 2 – 0, 5t wb = 0, 5·80 – 0, 8·3· 2 – 0, 5·5, 9 = 33,7 mm

m2 = 0, 5p – 0, 8aef 2 – 0, 5t fb = 0, 5·70 – 0, 8·5· 2 – 0, 5·9, 2 = 24,7 mm

!eff,cp = 2pm = 2·p·33.7 = 212 mm

α = 5,8
!eff,nc = am = 5,8·33,7 = 195 mm

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NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
TENSION COMPONENTS

• Column web in tension

ωb eff,t,wc t wc fy,wc
beff,t,wc = 2!eff = 2·108 = 216 mm 1·216·7·235·10 –3
Ft,wc,Rd = = = 355 kN
γ M0 1, 0
For Mb1,Ed = Mb2,Ed. b = 0

• Beam web in tension Ft,wb,Rd =

b eff,t,wb t wb fy,wb
=
194·5, 9·235·10 –3
= 269 kN
γ M0 1, 0
beff,t,wb = !eff,nc = 195 mm

• Welds, full strength weld

aef ≥ 0,46tfb = 0,46·9,2 = 4,2 mm = 5 mm
aew ≥ 0,46twb = 0,46·5,9 = 2,7 mm = aew = 3 mm

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 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
RESISTANCE OF TENSION ZONE

1. The force per bolt row after

redistribution may not exceed the
resistance of the same bolt row in
case there are no adjacent bolt rows
affecting the effective length of the
T-stub

!eff,cp = 2pm = 2·p·27 = 170 mm

!eff,cp = pm + p = p·27 + 70 = 155 mm
!eff,nc = 4m + 1,25e = 4·27 + 1,25·30 = 146 mm
!eff,nc = 2m + 0,625e + 0,5p = 2·27 + 0,625·30 + 0,5·70 = 108 mm

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NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
RESISTANCE OF TENSION ZONE

2. The sum of the forces in the

various bolt rows after
redistribution may not exceed the
resistance of the entire group of
bolts.

Sum of bolt row forces = 137 + 95,8 = 233 kN

Resistance of bolt row in column = 127 + 127 = 254 kN
Resistance of bolt row in end-plate = 137 + 95,8 = 233 kN

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NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
RESISTANCE OF TENSION ZONE

3. The resistance of each bolt row

must not exceed 1,8Ft,Rd.

This condition is met, because for the

most heavily loaded bolt row:
137 kN ≤ 1,8·90,4 = 163 kN

The tension resistance of a single M16

bolt
k 2 fub A s 0, 9·800·157·10 –3
Ft,Rd = = = 90,4 kN
γ M2 1, 25

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NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
SHEAR ZONE RESISTANCE

• Web in cross-section 1

( )
A vc = A a – 2bt fc + t wc + 2r t fc = 4296 – 2·140·12 + ( 7 + 2·12 )·12 = 1308 mm2

0, 9fy,wc A vc
0, 9·235·1308·10 –3
Vwp,Rd = = = 160 kN
3γ M0 3·1, 0

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NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
COLUMN WEB IN COMPRESSION
• Mb1,Ed = Mb2,Ed b = |1 – Mb1,Ed/Mb2,Ed| = 0 w=1
• (Assume) scom,Ed = 180 N/mm2 > 0,7fy,wc = 0,7·235 = 165 N/mm2
σ com,Ed 180
k wc = 1,7 – = 1,7 – = 0,93
fy,wc 235

• The effective width of the column web in compression

( )
b eff,c,wc = t fb + 2 2ap + 5 t fc + rc + sp = 9, 2 + 2· 2·5 + 5· (12 + 12 ) + 2·12 = 167 mm

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NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
COLUMN WEB IN COMPRESSION

• Strength
ωk wc b eff,c,wc t wc fy,wc
1, 0·0, 93·167·7·235·10 –3
Fc,wc,Rd = = = 255 kN
γ M0 1, 0

• Column buckling in the middle of the web

( )
dwc = hc – 2 t fc + rc = 140 – 2· (12 + 12 ) = 92 mm

b eff,c,wc dwc fy,wc

λ p = 0, 932 = 0, 932·
167·92·235
= 0,55 r = 1,0
Et 2wc 2,1·105 ·72

ωk wc ρb eff,c,wc t wc fy,wc 1, 0·0, 93·1, 0·167·7·235·10 –3

Fc,wc,Rd = = = 255 kN
γ M1 1, 0

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NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
BEAM FLANGE AND WEB IN COMPRESSION
• Design moment resistance of the beam
Wpl fy
285·235·10 –3
Mc,Rd = = = 67,0 kNm
γ M0 1, 0
• Compressive resistance Fc,fb,Rd for the combination of
beam flange and web follows:
Mc,Rd 67, 0
Fc,fb,Rd = = = 318 kN
hb – t fb ( 220 – 9,2)·10 –3
• Fc,wc,Rd =255 kN governing

JOINT RESISTANCE
Mj,Rd = 0,176·137 + 0,246·95,8 = 47,7 kNm
255 kN

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2022: Lecture 17, Moment Resistance Joints,
Modelling of joints

Questions

• What options for modelling a joint in a frame analysis exist?

• How does a bending moment in a column influence joint
resistance in a case of double-sided joint?
• In which situation a redistribution of forces in tension are
allowed?
• Is it sufficient to calculate the resistance of components in
tension to determine a joint resistance?

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