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2022: Lecture 15, Moment resistant joints,
Component Method
Content
- Continuation from L14 (T-stub derivation)
- Distribution of forces, elastic vs. plastic analysis
- Basics of the Component method.
- Estimation of joint resistance
- Equivalent length of yield lines
- Importance of beam with semi-rigid joints
- Estimation of a joint stiffness.
Learning objective
- Explain basic terms and theoretical background related to the
component method and apply its basic principles for design of
brittle and ductile components in verification of joints.
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2022: Lecture 14
REFERENCE
Pages:
Ch 6.
p.235-247, 257-262, 268-277
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JOINT BEHAVIOUR
4
CHARACTERIZATION OF JOINTS
5
COMPONENTS IN TENSION
6
COMPONENTS IN TENSION
EQUIVALENT T-SUB
7
FAILURE MODES
=F = F t1.R = Ft1.R
t1.R
= Fd = Fdt2.R < Fdt2.R
t2.R
= Fdt3.R d
< F t3.R < Fdt3.R
z1
z2 d d d
z3 £F £ F c.Rd
£ Fc.Rd c.Rd
11
COMPONENTS IN TENSION
END-PLATE IN BENDING
• Equivalent T-stub flange is used to calculate resistance of the
components in bending:
• Column flange in transverse bending,
• Endplate in bending.
• Each bolt row in the tension zone is modelled by adopting an
effective length of an equivalent T-stub flange.
! eff
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ASSUMPTIONS: MINIMUM m AND leff
13
ASSUMPTIONS: MINIMUM m AND leff
5d − 2d !"#$,&!"
𝑚≥ = 1,5𝑑 𝑚≥ '
= 2,1𝑑
2
Ft , Rd » 0.444 × d 2 × f ub
leff ,1 = leff , 2 = min(2p × m; 5.7 × m) = 5.7m
2M pl ,1,Rd 2 × 0.25 × 5.7m × t 2p × f yp / g M 0
FT ,1-2,Rd = = = 2.85 × t 2p × f yp
m m 14
COMPARISON OF THE T-STUB
FAILURE MODES
• Thickness of the plate t and the lever arm m will
determine diameter d for a governing failure mode.
Ductility
requirment
t p £ 0.36 × d ×
f ub
f yp
1 2 3
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CRITICAL THICKNESS
ENDPLATE AND COLUMN FLANGE
f ub
ti ,crit = ki ,crit × d
f y ,i
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PREDICTION OF A JOINT BEHAVIOUR
M experiment
M j.ult.exp
M j.ult.d M M
component prediction model using fu f
M j.Rd
M j.el
component design model using fy
Sj.ini
f Cd f
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DESIGN VERIFICATION PROCEDURE
Frame Analysis
Designation of
the global
Cross-
Cross-section approach
Frame analysis section/member
class
verifications (E = elastic;
P = plastic)
Plastic Plastic P-P
Class 1 Elastic Plastic E-P
Elastic Elastic E-E
Elastic Plastic E-P
Class 2
Elastic Elastic E-E
Class 3 – Class 4 Elastic Elastic E-E
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CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
• Simple M=0
• Continuous,
effect of joint have no effect on global analysis
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TYPE OF JOINT MODEL, prEN1993-1-8:2021
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A SEMI-RIGID BEAM, OPTIMIZATION IN L/2
• L=12m, q=24kN/m,
qL2
HEA360, S235 M pos = M neg =
qL2
16
M pos =
24
400
Fully
Bending moment [kNm]
350 restrained
300 Designed
250 joint
200
Simply
supported
150
Series1
100 Sel =
6 EI
L
50
0
0 100 200 300 400
Joint stiffness [MNm/rad]
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A SEMI-RIGID BEAM, OPTIMIZATION IN L/2
• L=12m, q=24kN/m,
HEA360, S235
restrained
70
Designed
60 joint
50 Simply
40
supported
Limit L/250
30
20 qL4 Series1
yrig =
10 384 EI
0
0 100 200 300 400
Joint stiffness [MNm/rad]
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COMMON TYPES OF BEAM-TO-
COLUMN BOLTED JOINTS
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CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS BY
STIFFNESS
Rigid if
EI b
S j ,ini ³ kb
Lb
k = 8 for braced frames
k = 25 for unbraced frames
Nominally
pinned if
EI b
S j ,ini £ 0.5
Lb
kb
for all frames if < 0.1
kc
semi-rigid joints
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ELASTIC GLOBAL ANALYSIS
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ELASTIC GLOBAL ANALYSIS
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MOMENT-ROTATION CURVE
IDEALIZATION
M M M
2/3 Mj,Rd
S j,ini/ h
S j,ini S j,ini
S j,ini
Ø Ø Ø
Stiffness modification
parameter h
for elastic global analysis
In case of semi-rigid joints
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ASSEMBLING OF COMPONENTS
𝑘 𝑘 𝛿
𝛿!" = 𝛿# 𝛿$ 𝛿 𝛿% 𝛿& 𝛿!" = 𝛿% + 𝛿&
k = k1 + k2 1
k=
1 1
+
k3 k 4
d Cd = min (d 1 ; d 2 ) k3 k4
k=
k3 + k4
d Cd = d 3 + d 4
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COMPONENTS OF BEAM-COLUMN JOINT
1
keff =
1
åk eff . j zj
åi k
j
keq =
zeq
i
åk
2
eff . j zj
j
z eq =
åk j
eff . j zj
åd i
Column flange in bending tfc A7
• Rotation f j = i
z = zeq End plate in bending tep A8
z
Bolts in tension t A13
• Stiffness
Mj Fi z 2
Fi z E z2
S j .ini = = = =
fj å d i Fi å 1 å 1 29
z E ki ki
ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS RATIO
E z2
S j .ini = Modelling of joints
1
µå
ki
Type of connection y
Welded 2,7
Bolted end-plate 2,7
Bolted angle flange cleats 3,1
Base plate connections 2,7
30
LIST OF COMPONENTS INCLUDED IN
prEN1993-1-8:2021
31
2022: Lecture 15, Moment Resistance Joints,
Component method
Questions
• What is the T-stub connection and which parameters
influence it’s resistance?
• What are characteristics of semi-rigid joints?
• Which are brittle/ductile components of joints?
• What is the component method based on?
• What is a yield line?
• What are prying forces and when they appear?
32
LIST OF COMPONENTS INCLUDED IN
EN1993-1-8
No Component
Ft,Ed
Ft,Ed Ft,Ed
9
Plate in tension or
compression
Fc,Ed Fc,Ed
Ft,Ed
10 Bolts in tension Ft,Ed
Fv,Ed
11 Bolts in shear
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