DGT P Block Elements

DGT MH –CET 12th CHEMISTRY Study Material 1
P - Block Elements 107
07. p- Block Elements
p-BLOCK ELEMENTS moisture of air, KNO3 does not have this

• KNO3 is used in gun powder. character. Therefore, it is used in gun
• KO 2 is used to obtain oxygen on high powder.
mountains. • CaH2 is called Hydrolith. It is used in the
• BaCO3 is a medicine for Killing rats. transportation of H2, because it is light and
• CaOCl2 is a germicide and a bleaching agent. reacts with ice to release hydrogen.
• BaSO4 is used in X-ray examination of • Mixture of water + sand + slaked lime is-
intestines. called mortar.
• MgCO3.Mg(OH)2.3H2O is called magnesium • Mg(ClO4)2 (Magnesium perchlorate) is called
alba, which is used for the fillingup to cavities anhydrone.
in the teeth. • A mixture of MgO and MgCl2 (Mg2OCl2) is
• CaCN2 is a fertilizer. called sorrel cement.
• Na2B4O7.10H2O is called borax, which is a • Calcium nitrate is called Norwegian salt petre.
mineral of Na. 15% K2CO3 is found in wood ash.
• Complex compounds of Mg and Fe and • KClO3(Potassium chlorate) is used in an
chlorophyll and haemoglobin, respectively. explosive substance, in ammunitions and
fireworks.
• Na and K is kept in kerosene because they
are reactive. Boron Family
• Li is hard and cannot be cut by a knife. Na, • Lewis acid character of BF3 is low,because
K and Rb are soft solids and C s is a liquid. due to small size, back donation of electrons
by fluorine occurs readily. Therefore, the
• Order ofstability of alkali metals is
order of tendency of accepting electrons is
M2O > M2O2 > MO2 Hydration energy of
BF3 < BCl3 < BBr3< BI3·
Li+l is maximum. Therefore, its conductivity
is low. • Compounds of boron formed with hydrogen
are called boranes, and all the boranes are
1 electron - deficient compounds.
• Strength of metallic bond  
Atomicsize • Inorganic benzene, i.e., borozine or borazole
Melting and boiling points  Hardness and benzene are isosteric and isoelectronic.
• Ionic character  Size of cation  Boiling • Diborane is used as a rocket fuel.
and melting points of compounds. • Structure of broron nitride is same as that of
• Superoxides are paramagnetic and coloured graphite, that is why it is called inorganic
due to the presence of unpaired electrons. graphite.
• Formulae and constituents of portland • Borozole, which is as hard as diamond, is
cement are : prepared by heating boron nitride. The
hardness of some substances is in the
Ca3SiO5 + CaSiO4 + Ca3Al2O6
following order. Dilimond > Borazole >
• Formula of superphosphate of lime is :
Carborundum > Corundum
Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O + CaSO4·2H2O • The metal most abundantly found on earth
• Stability of hydrides is : is Al.
LiH > NaH > KH > RbH > CsH • Al forms many double salts and gets
• H2SO4 , Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 are used as dissolved in acids as well as bases.
fire extinguisher. • Crystalline Al2O3 is a component of many
• LiCO3 is used in mental disorders. precious stones. For example, ruby, topaz,
• LiNO 3 and NaNO 3 melt on absorbing emerald and agate.
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• H3BO 3,HBO 2 and H 2B 4O 7 are called or mixed oxide.
thoboric acid, metaboric acid and tetraboric • Tetra ethyl led (TEL) and tetramethyllead
acid, respectively. (TML) are important antiknock compounds.
• Unrefined form of borax is called tincal. Nitrogen Family
Carbon Family • 80 ml and N2 is present in 100 ml of inhaled
• Ionic compounds of carbon are rare. C+4 ion air.
is unknown and C-4 is rare. • Sodium hexametaphosphate is called calgon.
• Carbon is harder than silicon. Maximum • Red phosphorus is used in inflamable
valency of Si is 6 due to the presence of d matchstick.
orbital. • White phosphorus is used as a rat poison.
• 300 g diamond is equivalent to one carat • N2O gas is used in refrigeration.
weight of gold. • Fe metal becomes unreactive in conc. nitric
• Diamond gets converted to graphite at acid.
1800°C under very pressure. • Nitrogen is neutral and paramagnetic.
• Solid CO2 is called dry ice. CO is highly • Ca3P2 is used in smoke screen.
poisonous, because it combines with Fe of
• Fossy jaw disease is produced on continous
haemoglobin to form corbonyl haemoglobin,
contact with white P.
due to which, the O2 accepting capacity of
• Due to oxidation of white phosphorus present
Fe is destroyed.
in calcium phosphate, bones and teeth shine
• Silicon are more reactive than hydrocarbons,
in dark.
because due to large size of silicon atom and
• Density of red phosphorus is more than that
presence of d orbital, a nucleophile atracts
of white phsophorus.
readily
• White phosphorus is soluble in carbon
• Natural crystalline form of silica are
dioxide as well as carbon tetrachloride,
i) quartz
whereas red phosphorus is insoluble.
ii) tridymite
• C a ( H 2P O 4) 2H 2O + 2 C a S O 4. 2 H 2O i s
iii) agate superphosphate of lime.
iv) jasper • In bones with teeth, 58% phosphorus is
v) crystobalitre etc. found in the form of calcium phosphate.
• Silica is used as a flux in metallurgy. • Black P is good conductor of electricity.
• Water gas is a mixture of mainly CO and • White P is most reactive allotrope of P.
H2. Producer gas mainly consists of N2, CO • Antidote of arsenic compounds is Fe(OH)3
and H2. In synthesis gas, only CO and H2
• Due to high vaporisation energy, the liquefied
are present.
NH3 is used as a refrigerant.
• Cement is a mixture of silicates and calcium
• Main oxy acids of nitrogn are hypointrous
aluminates in finely powdered form. It
acid (HNO),nitrous acid (HNO3), nitric acid
resembles the Portland rocks found in
(HNO4) and pernitric acid (HNO4).
England.
• Calcium oxide (CaO) is used in the absorption
• Chemical composition of ordinary glass is
of NH3
Na2SiO3,CaSiO3.4SiO2·
• Nitrogen is most reactive in its family,
Raw materials used in the preparation of
becuase there is a triple bond between two
glass are Na2CO3,CaCO3 and SiO2.
atoms in its molecule.
• Pyrex glass is a mixture of sodium
• Geometry of P4, As4 and Sb4 is tetrahedral
borosilicate and aluminium borosilicate.
and bond angle is about 60°.
Glasses of different colours are generally
• KCN is the most poisonous compound of
obtained by mixing various coloured matallic
nitrogen. PH3 (Phosphine) form ring in
oxides.
contact with air.
• Tin is used for tin-plating on brass utensils.
• A bottle containing liquefied ammonia is
• Ten isotopes of tin are known.
cooled before opening, because its vapour
• PbO is called litharge. Red lead (Pb3O4) is a
pressure at high. • I2+ K2+ rectifiedspirit is present in tincture
• Formation of PI5 is not possible, because iodine.
covalent bond is not formed by overlapping • Glass dissolves in HF, because it reacts with
between orbitals of P and I. Si present in the glass.
Oxygen Family • Liquified chlorine produces itching sensation
• Po is radioactive element and its 27 isotopes on the skin and is harmful to eyes. Liquified
are known. All its isotopes are radioactive. bromine produces itching with pain, and skin
• Oxygen is the second most electronegative gets burnt, when it is kept in contact with
element and O3 and O2 are its allotropes. 12for linger period of time and dermatities
Oxygen is a paramagnetic molecule. occurs.
• S, Se and Te are octa-atomic. • Chlorine is highly disinfectant.
• Oxygen and sulphur are nonconductor, • Ethylene dibromide is the component of
Selenium and tellurium are semiconductors antiknock gasoline with tetra ethyl lead.
and polonium is a conductor. • Artificial clouds of rain are formed by silver
• Ozone is dimagnetic and its structure is iodide
angular. It is known as pure bleaching agent, • Aqueous solution of NaOCl is known as
becuase it does bleaching in the absence of Jewel water.
moisture. • F2 and Cl2 do not react with starch solution
• On the basis of medium some metal oxides Br2 gives yellow colour and 12 gives deep
show basic and acidic character. Therefore, blue colour with strach.
they react with acids as well as bases, i.e., • Cl2 acts as a bleaching agent in the presence
they are amphoteric oxide. of moisture, because HOCl is formed.
• Gun powder is a mixture of sulphur, charcoal Heavy Water, Hydrogen Peroxide and Ozone
and KNO3 • Urey discovered heavy water. One part of
• H2SO4 is also known as oil of vitriol. heavy water is found in 6000 part of ordinary
Halogen Family water.
• Colour of halogens is due to absorption of • 100% heavy water is obtained by fractional
visible light. distillation and electrolysis of 3% NaOH in
• CI,Br and I show positive oxidation state five steps.
and form GIF, CIF3,BrF3 and IF5 • Heavy water is used as a tracer and as a
• KClO3 is used in matchsticks and fireworks, moderator in nuclear reactors.
and CIO 2 gives yellow gas which is • H2O2can be obtained by electrolysis of Na2O2
paramagnetic. and BaO2 from Ba3(PO4)2
• Increasing order of acid strength of HF, HCl, • Oxidation as well as reduction occur in the
HBr and HI is as follows: reaction, H2O2  H2O + O2
HF < HCI < HBr < HI • H2O2 acts as a bleaching agent.
• Increasing order of reducing capability of • Concentration of H2O2 is determined from
halides is as follows : volume of oxgyen obtained at NTP on
HF < HCI < HBr < HI heating a unit volume of H2O2.
• Solubility of halogens in water decreases • Meaning of 20 volumes of H2O2 is that 20
from fluorine to iodine. ml O2 is liberated from 1ml of its aqueous
• Chlorine forms HOCl (bleaching agent) with solution
water and bleaching reaction occurs due to • Meaning of 20% weight by volume H2O2 is
oxidation reaction of nascent oxygen given that 20 gram H2O2 is present in 100 ml of its
out by HOCl. solution
• I 2 forms a complex KI 3, and thus gets • In the structure, H– O – O – H of H2O2, the
dissolved in KI solution. oxidation state of oxygen is – l.
• Fluorine is the strongest oxidising agent and • It is a disinfectant and is useful in washing
it displaces all halogens from the solution of wound and internal ear.
their salts. • Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen.
• Ozone is also called ozonated oxygen. b) Conc. H2SO4
• Shanbeen named it is ozone. c) Lime water
• Concentration of ozone in the atmosphere d) Alkaline solution of CuSO4
is high at about 25 km above sea-level. 10. The formula of ozone is O3, it is
• Ozone is useful as a bleaching agent, an a) An allotrope of oxygen
oxidising agent and for preparing artificial b) Compound of oxygen
fibres and artificial camphor. c) Isotope of oxygen
• It is a germicide and thus useful in d) None of these
purification of drinking water.
11. Ozone with KI solution produces
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS a) Cl2 b) I2
1. White phosphorus reacts with caustic soda. The c) HI d) IO3
products are PH3 and NaH2PO2. This reaction is 12. Ozone turns trimethyl paper
an example of a) Green b) Violet
a) Oxidation c) Red d) Black
b) Reduction 13. Bromine is liberated when an aqueous solution of
c) Oxidation and reduction potassium bromide is treated with
d) Neutralization a) Cl2 b) I2
2. Phosphine is not obtained by the reaction c) Dilute H2SO4 d) SO2
a) White P is heated with NaOH 14. Chlorine was discovered by
b) Red P is heated with NaOH a) Davy b) Priestley
c) Ca3P2 reacts with water c) Rutherford d) Sheele
d) Phosphorus trioxide is boiled with water 15. Br2 gas turns starch iodide paper
3. One of the acid listed below is formed from P2O3 a) Blue b) Red
and rest are formed from P2O5' The acid formed c) Colorless d) Yellow
from phosphorus (III) oxide is 16. When Cl2 gas is passed through hot and conc.
a) HPO3 b) H4P 2O 7 solution of KOH, which of the following
c) H3PO 4 d) H3PO 3 compound is formed ?
4. Hypophosphorus acid is a) KCl b) KClO3
a) Atribasic acid b) Adibasic acid b) KClO2 d) KClO4
c) Amonobasic acid d) Not acidic at all 17. A quick supply of C12 gas may be made by
5. When orthophosphoric acid is heated to 600oC, reacting crystals of KMnO4 with a concentrated
the product formed is solution of
a) Phosphine, PH3 a) Potassium chloride
b) Phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5 b) Sodium chloride
c) Phosphorus acid, H3PO3 c) Bleaching powder
d) Metaphosphoric acid, HPO3 d) Hydrochloric acid
6. Which element is found in free state? 18. Chlorine can remove
a) Iodine b) Sulphur a) Br from NaBr solution :
c) Phosphorus d) Magnesium b) F from NaF solution
7. The element which liberates oxygen gas from c) Cl from NaCl solution
water is d) F from CaF2 solution
a) P b) Na 19. Hydrolysis of which of the following does not
c) F d) I occur
8. Ozone belongs to which group ofthe periodic table a) VCl4 b) TiC14
a) V group b) VI group c) SiC14 d) CCl4
c) VII group d) None of these 20. In KI solution I2 readily dissolves and forms
9. Which would quickly absorbs oxygen ? a) I- b) KI2
a) Alkaline solution of pyrogallol c) KI 2 d) KI3
21. Fluorine can be prepared only by electroanalysis 31. Each of the following is true for white and red
opposite to other halogens which are prepared by phosphorus except that they
simple chemical processes, because a) Are both soluble in CS2
a) F is very active b) Can be oxidised by heating in air
b) F is very strong oxidizing agent c) Consists of same kind of atoms
c) F is very poisonous d) Can be converted into one another
d) The electrolysis of fluoride is easy 32. Of the different allotropes of phosphorus, the one
22. Fluorine is a stronger oxidising agent than chlorine which is most reactive is
in aqueous solution. This is attributed to many a) Violet phosphorus
factors except b) Scarlet phosphorus
a) Heat of dissociation c) Red phosphorus
b) Electron affinity d) White phosphorus
c) Heat of hydration 33. Phosphine is generally prepared in the laboratory
d) Ionisation potential a) By heating phosphorus in a current of hydrogen
23. The electrolysis of a certain liquid resulted in the b) By heating white phosphorus with aqueous
formation of hydrogen at the cathode and chlorine solution of caustic potash
at the anode. The liquid is c) By decomposition of P2H4 at 110oC
a) Pure water d) By heating red phosphorus with an aqueous
b) H2SO4 solution solution of caustic soda
c) NaCl solution in water 34. Nitrogen dioxide cannot be obtained by heating
d) CuCl2 solution in water a) KNO3 b) Pb(NO3)2
24. Chlorine gas is dried over c) Cu(NO3)2 d) AgNO3
a) CaO b) NaOH 35. Non-combustible hydride is
c) KOH d) Conc. H2SO4 a) NH3 b) PH3
25. A gas reacts with CaO, but not with NaHCO3· c) AsH3 d) SbH3
The gas is 36. A certain element forms a solid oxide which when
a) CO2 b) Cl2 dissolved in water forms an a acidic solution, the
c) N2 d) O2 element is
26. Which of the following solution will not hydrolyse? a) Argon b) Potassium
a) KNO3 c) Phosphorus d) Sulphur
b) KCN 37. When concentrated nitric acid is heated, it
c) Potassium succinate decomposes to give
d) Potassium carbonate a) O2 and N2 b) NO
27. To remove last traces of water from alcohol, the c) N2O5 d) NO2 and O2
metal used is 38. Which of the following is oxidised in air ?
a) Sodium b) Potassium a) White phosphorus
c) Calcium d) Aluminium b) CH4
28. Which of the following elements does not form c) H2O
stable diatomic molecules ? d) NaCl
a) Iodine b) Phosphorus 39. A pure sample of nitrogen is prepared by heating
c) Nitrogen d) Oxygen a) Calcium cyanamide
29. Producer gas is a mixture of b) Barium azide
a) CO and N2 b) CO2 and H2 c) Ammonium hydroixde
c) CO and H2 d) CO2 and N2 d) Ammonium nitrite
30. Which one of the following combines with Fe (II) 40. If phosphoric acid is allowed to react with
ions to form a brown complex ? sufficient quantity of NaOH, the product obtained
a) N2O b) NO is
c) N2O3 d) N2O5 a) NaHPO3 b) Na2HPO4
c) NaH2PO4 d) Na3PO4 a) P3 b) P 4
41. In the catalytic oxidation of ammonia an oxide is c) P16 d) P 5
formed which is used in the preparation of HNO3, 47. Of the following, non-existent compound is
This oxide is a) PH4I b) As2O3
a) N2O5 b) N2O4 c) SbCl2 d) As2H3
c) NO2 d) NO 48. When ammonia is passed over heated CuO, it is
42. Which acid is formed by P2P3? oxidised to
a) H3PO 4 b) H3PO 3 a) N2 b) NO2
c) HPO3 d) H4P 2O 7 c) N2O d) HNO2
43. Dehydrated phosphorus trichloride in water gives 49. Which of the following is not correct for N2O ?
a) HPO3 b) H3PO 4 a) It is called laughing gas
c) H3PO2 d) H3PO 3 b) It is nitrous oxide
44. Which oxide of nitrogen is coloured gas? c) It is not a linear molecule
a) N2O b) NO d) It is least reactive in all oxides of nitrogen
c) N2O5 d) N2O5 50. When lightning flash is produced, which gas may
45. Phosphorus is kept in form
a) Water b) Kerosene oil a) Nitrous oxide
c) Alcohol d) Ammonia b) Nitrogen dioxide
46. In vapour state, white phosphorus is mainly in c) Dinitrogen pentoxide
the form d) Nitric oxide
Answer Key
Q.No. Ans Q.No. Ans Q.No. Ans
1. c) 2. b) 3. d)
4. c) 5. d) 6. b)
7. c) 8. d) 9. a)
10. a) 11. b) 12. b)
13. a) 14. a) 15. a)
16. b) 17. d) 18. a)
19. d) 20. d) 21. b)
22. b) 23. c) 24. d)
25. b) 26. a) 27. c)
28. b) 29. a) 30. b)
31. a) 32. d) 33. b)
34. a) 35. a) 36. c)
37. d) 38. a) 39. b)
40. d) 41. d) 42. b)
43. d) 44. d) 45. a)
46. b) 47. c) 48. a)
49. c) 50. d)

DGT P Block Elements

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DGT MH –CET 12th CHEMISTRY Study Material 1

P - Block Elements 107

07. p- Block Elements

p-BLOCK ELEMENTS moisture of air, KNO3 does not have this

MH- CET- (CHEMISTRY)

MH- CET- (CHEMISTRY)

MH- CET- (CHEMISTRY)

MH- CET- (CHEMISTRY)

MH- CET- (CHEMISTRY)

MH- CET- (CHEMISTRY)

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