SCIENCE 9

Quarter 2-Hybrid Module 4A

STRUCTURE OF CARBON
Learning Objectives

➢ Name acid and base

compounds

➢ Discuss why carbon is a unique

atom (valence electron, bond
length, strength, multiple bond
formation, etc.)

➢ Differentiate organic from

inorganic compounds (from its
chemical formula, uses,
properties)
Carbon!
We all know that Oxygen is one of the most
important elements in the universe, especially
because we need oxygen to survive. But have
you ever wondered what another element is
equally important to us?
1. 1. What is the symbol of carbon? C
2. 2. What is the atomic number of an element? 6

3. 3. How many protons are there in Carbon? 6

4. 4. How many neutrons are there in Carbon? 6
5.
6. 5. How many electrons are there in Carbon? 6
7.
8. 6. Carbon atom can be found in group 4A in
the periodic table, how many valence
electrons does it have? 4

9. 7. Is carbon a metal or non-metal element?

non-metal
Catenation
 WHY CARBON is UNIQUE and AMAZING ELEMENT?

Carbon is the fourth

most abundant element
in the universe and the The most unique things
15th most abundant about the carbon atoms
element in the Earth's are its ability to combine Elemental carbon can exist in
crust. with itself. This unusual many different forms called
It is also the second most ability allows carbon ALLOTROPES. Allotropes are
abundant element in atoms to form all kinds of forms of the same element
humans after oxygen. Its chainlike and ring- that have different bonding
chemical makeup leads shaped molecules, patterns or arrangements.
to several unique making countless
properties of carbon. organic compounds.
 ALLOTROPES OF CARBON

01 Graphite 02 Graphene 03 Diamond

04 Amorpphous 05 Fullerenes (C60)

Carbon
▪ A soft and abundant
allotrope of carbon
▪ The carbon atoms in graphite
are arranged in sheets or
layers, held together by weak
attraction forces.
▪ Used in making pencils. The
so-called “lead” in pencils is
actually pulverized graphite
mixed with clay.
▪ It is simply one atomic layer
of graphite arranged in a
honeycomb lattice.
▪ In a graphene layer, each
carbon atom is bonded
covalently to three other
atoms, leaving the fourth
electron free to migrate in
the plane, hence its electrical
conductivity.
 Awesome
Words
Because key words are
great for catching your
audience’s attention
▪ The carbon atom is bonded to
four other carbon atoms in a
tetrahedral pattern. Because
of this type of arrangement,
the bonds between carbon
atoms are extremely strong.
This makes the diamond the
hardest natural substance
known on earth. Diamond is
used as jewelry and as tools
to cut glass or metal
Amorphous ▪ When carbon compounds
Carbon decompose, other carbon
allotropes are produced
called "amorphous" carbon.
The word amorphous means
'shapeless' or 'harmless',
which is why this allotrope
has no definite arrangement.
Examples are soot, charcoal,
bone black, and coke.
 ▪ Fullerenes are globe-shaped,
Fullerenes cage-like arrangements of
carbon atoms. They are also
(C60) called carbon balls because
they resemble tiny soccer
balls. Fullerene was named for
R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-
1983), famous for his geodesic
dome designs. A research team
has discovered fullerene that
attacks an enzyme that is
found in the virus that causes
AIDS.
One of the most important uses
of Carbon is carbon dating.
We can actually use carbon to
measure the age of things.
Scientists use a rare form of
carbon called Carbon-14 to
measure the age of fossils,
bones, etc.
The release of this carbon-14 is
recorded to estimate the life of
the said organic substance.
This is how scientists find the
age and period of dinosaur
bones and fossils!
 Diamond Graphite
Transparent and no color Solid Opaque and black

Hard Non-gaseous Soft and spongy

Insoluble in
Cannot conduct water Good conductor of
electricity electricity
 Organic vs Inorganic

In chemistry, a chemical compound can be classified as

organic and inorganic compounds. We will identify the
difference between the two compounds.
 Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are
compounds that are primarily
composed of carbon atoms,
which are chemically bonded
with Hydrogen and other
elements such as oxygen,
sulfur, and nitrogen. Its
molecules are associated with
living organisms.
Organic compounds are broadly
classified as natural and
synthetic compounds. Organic
natural compounds are derived
from plants and animals while
synthetic compounds are man-
made.
Example: Methane (CH4), Carbohydrates (C6H12O6),
Ethanol (C2H5OH), DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
 Inorganic Compounds
Inorganic compounds are
compounds that do not
contain carbon and are not
derived from living matter.
They include substances
made from single elements,
salts, metals, and any other
compound that does not
contain carbon bonded to
hydrogen.
Example: Table salt (NaCl), Rust (Fe2O3),
Ammonia (NH3), Magnesium Carbonate
(MgCO3), Carbon dioxide (CO2),
Note: Carbonates (CO3 -2), oxides of
carbon (CO and CO2), metallic carbide
(CaC2), Cyanides (CN- ), are not Organic
compounds and considered inorganic
compound because they don’t have a
carbon-hydrogen bond.
 Properties of Typical
Organic and Inorganic Compounds

ORGANIC INORGANIC
Insoluble in water Soluble in water
Low melting and boiling points High melting and boiling points
Combustible2022
(produce CO2 and Incombustible
H2O)

Does not 2023

conduct electric Conduct electric current
current
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Easily decomposes when Decomposition occurs at a very
heated high temperature

Covalent bonding Ionic bonding

333,000.00
Earths is the Sun’s mass

24h 37m 01s

Is Jupiter’s rotation period

386,000 km
Some Organic and Inorganic Materials