ALKALINE

EARTH METALS
 PLAN
◦ General characteristics of alkaline earth
metals
◦ Physical properties of alkaline earth metals
◦ Receipt of alkaline earth metals
◦ Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals
◦ Application of alkaline earth metals
 Alkaline earth metals-elements of IIA
group Ca
⚫Not all elements of the IIA group are alkaline, but
only starting with calcium and down in the
subgroup.

Sr
⚫Oxides of these elements ("earth" - in ancient
terminology) interact with water, forming alkalis.

Ra Ba
 General characteristics

 Be
 Mg Metalli

Maximum
Радиус
Ca c


Sr
Ba
n S2 oxidation
атома
state +2
propert
ies
 Ra

Chemically active metals Interact with water, except for

beryllium.
React with hydrogen to form hydrides
Physical properties of alkaline earth
metals
flame color þ t Melting

Mg
1,74г/см3 651 С0

Ca
1,54г/см3 851С0
Sr
2,63г/см3 770С0
Ba
3,76г/см3 710С0
Са2+- brick-red
Bа2+ - yellow-
Flame staining green

Sr2+ - carmine-red
 Beryllium

 Beryllium is similar to aluminum and magnesium... It got

its name because it is found in the mineral beryl. Metal is
also called glycium from the Greek word for "sweet"
because its salts have a sweet taste..

D.I.Mendeleev
 Light gray
metal covered Refractory
with the
thinnest oxide
metal
film t = 1287 C

Be
Unique
combination of Pure plastic,
lightness with but minor
impurities
high hardness make it brittle
 Receipt
 In the form of a simple substance, beryllium was obtained in
1828 by the German scientist Friedrich Wöhler and the
French chemist Antoine Bussy. They acted with potassium on
anhydrous beryllium chloride.

 BeCl2+2K=Be+2KCl
Receipt
 BeF2+Mg=Be+MgF2

Currently, beryllium is obtained by

reducing its fluoride with magnesium,
or by electrolysis of a melt mixture of
beryllium and sodium chlorides.
 Chemical properties
◦ Обладая высокой химической активностью бериллий вступает в реакции

Be+2HCl= BeCl +H
с галогенами, серой и азотом. Вода на него не действует, зато подобно
алюминию он легко растворяется как в разбавленных 2 кислотах2, так в
растворах щелочей.

Be+2NaOH+2H2O= Na2  Be(OH)4  +H2

 Interaction with alkalis
Be Interaction with alkalis

Be + 2NaOH + 2H2O = Na2[Be(OH)4] + H2

The remaining metals of the IIA group with alkalis

do not react.
 Chemical properties of the elements
Interact with simple substances
 
1.With oxygen 2Mе+O2=2MеO
2.With halogens Mе+Cl2=MеCl2
3.With sulfur Mе+S=MеS
4.With nitrogen 3Mе+N2=Mе3N2
5.With hydrogen Mе+H2=MеH2

6.With water Mе+2H2O=Mе(OH)2+H2

Like aluminum, Mg and Ca are able to restore rare

2Mg+TiO2=2MgO + Ti
5Ca + V2O5 = 5CaO + 2V

Such methods of obtaining are called

 Physical properties

650 oint
p
C
ting
Mel
Mg
At roo
tempe m
ra
is coat ture it
ed
the thi with
nnest
oxide
fil m
 Magnium

Magnesium was discovered in the

analysis of water from a mineral
spring near the town of Epsom in
England. Bitter in taste, it attracted
the attention of researchers, when
evaporating such water on the walls
of the vessel, a white crust of the
substance was formed, a salt of
MgSO4 7H2O
 Receipt
◦ For the first time
magnesium was
obtained in 1808 by
Humphry Devi by
electrolysis of wet
magnesia. At his
suggestion, the element
was named Magnium.
 Distribution in nature
Included in the composition
of minerals

Dolomite MgCO3 Magnesium is part magnesite MgCO3

CaCO3 of the active
center of the green
pigment of plants
- chlorophyll
Chemical properties Chemically
active Strong
◦ Combustion in the air reducing agent

2Mg+ O2=2MgO
◦ At room temperature it does not interact with
water, only when boiling
◦ Mg+2H2O=Mg(OH)2 +H2
◦ Magnesium readily interacts with diluted acids
 Application
Hard and strong alloys
with aluminum Automotive,

Mg
magnalium - 30  Mg aviation and missile
Electron - includes industry
zinc, manganese,
copper

In medicine Magnesium
oxide - to reduce the
acidity of the stomach
Magnesium sulfate -
laxative
 Calcium
в земной коре

8 3

кислород
47
30 кремний
алюминий
кальций
 Distribution in nature

Gypsum
CaSO4 2H2O

Apatite Fluorite
Ca5(PO4)3(OH) CaF2

chalk, marble,
limestone
CaCO3
Receipt

Metallic calcium was obtained in

1808 by electrolysis of a mixture
of wet hydrated lime with
mercury oxide

• Electrolysis of molten salts

CaCl2 =Ca+Cl2
• Aluminothermy
CaO +Al=CaAlO+Ca
 Physical properties
Due to sufficient
Lightweight, hardness, it is
whitish grey,
Ductile metal Ca impossible to
cut with a knife
like alkali
metals.

Melting
temperature
 С
 Chemical properties
◦ With simple substances
◦ Ca+H2=CaH2
◦ Ca+Cl2=CaCl2
◦ Ca+N2=Ca3N

Ca+O2=CaO
Brick-red flame
 Chemical properties
With complex substances
Ca+NH3=Ca(NH2)2 +H2
◦ Ca+H2O=Ca(OH)2+H2
◦ Ca+HCl=CaCl2+H2

◦any acid except nitric acid!

Strontium and barium

Strontium occurs naturally as the mineral

Strontium gets its name from the
celestine-strontium
Scottish village sulfate forming
of Strontian, near beautiful
pink-red
which a rareor pale blue
mineral crystals.
strontianite
In the
was form
found.of simple
substances barium and
strontium were
isolated by G. Devi in
Barium
Barium wasoccurs
1808
first as barite
discovered by
swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm
(heavy spar) BaSO4
Scheele and his student in heavy
spar and was called "baris" heavy.
Application Used in the production of white paint
lithomon, which has a high covering
capacity

St,Ba
Additive in the production of
expensive grades of paper -
banknotes and documents

Manufacture of protective materials

for X-ray machines, in medicine
Manufacture of protective materials for X-ray
machines, in medicine