CIE IGCSE Physics Formula Sheet (2023, 2024 and 2025 Syllabus)

Chapter 1: General Physics

distance (m) 𝑑
Average speed (ms−1 ) = 𝑠=
time (s) 𝑡
displacement (m) 𝑥
Average velocity (ms−1 ) = 𝑣=
time (s) 𝑡
final velocity (ms −1 ) − initial velocity(ms−1 ) 𝑣−𝑢
Acceleration (ms−2 ) = 𝑎=
time (s) 𝑡
Weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (ms-2) W = mg
Earth’s gravitational field strength = 9.8 ms-2 (as of 2023)
Force (N) = mass (kg) × acceleration (ms-2) F = ma
mass (kg) 𝑚
Density (kgm−3 ) = 𝜌=
volume 3 𝑉
Hooke’s law: Force (N) = constant (Nm-1) × extension (m) F = kx
Force (N) 𝐹
Pressure(Pa) = 𝑃=
area (m2 ) 𝐴
Fluid Pressure (Pa) = density (kgm-3) × gravitational field strength (ms-2 or Nkg-1) × 𝑃 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ
height (m)
Work (J) = force (N) × distance moved (m) W = Fd
work (J) 𝑊
Power (W) = 𝑃=
time (s) 𝑡
Kinetic Energy (J) = ½ × mass (kg) × velocity2 (ms-1) KE = ½mv2
Gravitational potential energy (J) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (ms-2 or GPE = mgh
Nkg-1) × height (m)
useful power output (W or J) 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
Efficiency (%) = × 100% 𝜂= × 100%
total power input (W or J) 𝑃𝑖𝑛
Moment (Nm) = Force (N) × perpendicular distance from pivot (m) M = Fd
Sum of clockwise moments (Nm) = sum of anticlockwise moments (Nm) F1d1 = F2d2
Momentum (kgms-1) = mass (kg) × velocity (ms-1) p = mv
change in momentum (kgms −1 ) 𝛥𝑝
Impulsive Force (N) = 𝐹=
time (s) 𝑡
Impulse (kgms-1 or Ns) = change in momentum (kgms-1) 𝛥𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑢
Chapter 2: Thermal Physics
Boyle’s Law for changes in gas pressure at constant temperature : P1V1 = P2V2
pressure1 (Pa) × volume1 (m3) = pressure2 (Pa)× volume2 (m3)
Energy (J) = mass (kg) × specific heat capacity (Jkg-1°C-1) × temperature change (°C) Q = mcθ
Celsius to Kelvin: C = K - 273.15
Temperature in Celsius (oC) = Temperature in Kelvin (K) - 273.15
Chapter 3: Waves
Wave speed (ms-1) = frequency (Hz) × wavelength (m) V = fλ
1 1
Frequency (Hz) = 𝐹=
Period (s) 𝑇
sine of the angle of incidence, i 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑖
Refractive index = 𝑛=
sine of the angle of refraction, r 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑟
speed of light in vacuum 𝑐
Refractive index = 𝑛=
speed of light in material 𝑣
1 1
Refractive index = 𝑛=
sine of critical angle 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐

Page | 1
Senpaicorner.com
 Chapter 4: Electricity and Magnetism
charge (C) 𝑄
Current (A) = 𝐼=
time (s) 𝑡
energy transferred (J) 𝑊
Voltage (V) = 𝑉=
charge (C) 𝑄
Voltage (V) = current (A) × resistance (Ω) V = IR
Power (W) = current (A) × voltage (V) P = IV
Power (W) = current2 (A) × resistance (Ω) P = I2R
Energy transferred (J) = current (A) × voltage (V) × time (s) W = IVt
Energy transferred (J) = power (W) × time (s) W = Pt
Resistors in series: Total Resistance (Ω) = sum of individual resistors (Ω) Rtotal = R1+R2+R3+…Rn
Resistors in parallel: 1 1 1 1
𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
=
𝑅1
+
𝑅2
+…𝑅
1 1 𝑛
=
total resistance (Ω) sum of individual resistors (Ω)
resistivity (Ωm) × length (m) 𝜌𝑙
Resistance (Ω) = 𝑅 =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎(m2 ) 𝐴
Wires have a circular cross section, area = π × radius2
Transformers: 𝑉𝑠 𝑁𝑠
=
voltage in secondary coil (V) turns on secondary coil 𝑉𝑝 𝑁𝑝
=
voltage in primary coil (V) turns on primary coil
Transformers: 𝑉𝑠 𝐼𝑠
=
voltage in secondary coil (V) current in secondary coil (A) 𝑉𝑝 𝐼𝑝
=
voltage in primary coil (V) current in primary coil (A)
Chapter 5: Nuclear Physics
𝐴 𝐴−4
Alpha: 𝑍𝑋 → 𝑍−2𝑌 + 42𝐻𝑒

Beta: 𝐴
𝑍𝑋 → 𝐴
𝑍+1𝑌 + −10𝑒

𝐴
Gamma 𝑍𝑋 → 𝐴𝑍𝑌 + 𝛾

Chapter 6: Space Physics

2 × 𝜋 × average radius of the orbit (m) 2𝜋𝑟
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 (ms −1 ) = 𝑣=
orbital period (s) 𝑇
distance of a far galaxy (m) 1 𝑑 1
= =
speed away from us (m𝑠 −1 ) Hubble Constant (𝑠 −1 ) 𝑣 𝐻0
Hubble Constant is 2.2 × 10–18 s-1

Page | 2
Senpaicorner.com