Section (E).

Brief description of the Project

Milling is one of the most important machining processes in manufacturing. This process is used
to shape solid materials especially metals. It is mostly used in shaping flat and irregular surfaces.
It can be used for drilling, cutting gears, boring and producing slots.

Milling a curved surface falls under the umbrella of profile/ contour cnc milling. It involves
machining irregularly shaped profiles or continuous curves with various degrees (either slanted,
concave, or convex).

This is a crucial process in getting most of the uniquely shaped bespoke parts done, which
requires the cnc machining services providers to have advanced knowledge of the fundamental
machining principles and programs. The curved surface milling machine, a project which
demonstrates the set up for milling in curved surface without cnc.

The drilling machine is stationary. A curved platform is provided upon which the material can be
placed. The platform is set upon two inclined rods, which allows the platform to move back &
forth but in a curved way.

The reciprocating motion of the platform is done manually with the help of a lead screw
mechanism.

Whether the device employed for producing spherical contours is simple or elaborate, the very
first principle to be observed in its operation is the location of the centre around which the
generating tool is rotated, by means of a hand lever or other means. If carried to the extent
indicated, the error is readily visible to the eye, but for work in which high spherical precision is
necessary, even the smallest discrepancy may spoil the finished results. For this reason, some
positive means of locating the pivot centre on the cross slide or bed of the lathe is an advantage
and in some cases may be absolutely essential. In general work some method of radial
adjustment for the tool point, to deal with varying sizes of work, is equally important; it is also
an advantage to provide the smoothest possible feed movement of the rotating tool fixture. But it
may be mentioned that in commercial production, spherical curves of fixed dimensions, over a
limited angle of arc, are accurately produced by methods and appliances which do not provide
either of these facilities. Components such as ball and socket joints for motor car steering and
suspension systems, in which smooth articulation is absolutely necessary are often finished to
close limits of precision by means of a hollow grinding wheel, running at high speed on an axis
at 45 deg. to that of the work. The spherical arc generated in this way is usually limited to about
90 deg., which is sufficient for the particular purpose, provided that the rest of the surface is
undercut or relieved, as indicated in the example of work dealt with. In order to maintain the
uniformity of the spherical diameter despite the inevitable wear of the grinding wheel, it is
dressed, when necessary, on the front flat face only. The same generating principle could be
applied to the use of a cutting tool such as a hollow milling cutter. Increasing the angle of the
tool axis in relation to the work would enable the spherical arc to be extended within certain
limits, but it would always leave either a cone or a flat on the front end of the work. It is just as
important, However, to observe the first principle, in locating the axis of the grinding or cutting
tool so that it exactly intersects that of the work. Another one is designed to be mounted either on
the bed or cross slide of the lathe by means o f two bolts, and it incorporates a geared rotary
movement, in conjunction with a radial tool slide.

As an example of Convex Surface Milling Machine 8 B.V.P.I.T. (D.S.) UMRAKH 2023-24

machine tool component design, it deserves commendation, and the mechanical details are well
made and fitted. The worm gear provides an adequate turntable for the radial slide, with a broad
undersurface to form a thrust bearing, with adjustment for end play from below, in the recessed
bolster plate. A removable gauge pin, cut away to the centre to facilitate radial measurement, is
fitted to the centre of the worm wheel. The radial 6 sliding member is fitted with a gib for
adjustment, and is moved by a feed screw with a balanced handle, hating an indexed sleeve,
though the markings on it are not visible in the photograph. A lantern type of tool post, with
rocker adjustment for the tool height, is anchored in a T-slot which enables the latitude of radial
movement to be extended. Smooth and steady motion of the rotary traverse is facilitated by the
worm gearing, and the worm shaft is fitted with a flexible drive, so that it can be operated from
any convenient position, or even coupled to a self-acting drive if required, The utility of this
appliance, however, is restricted in certain respects, wherein its refinements may, In fact,
constitute a handicap rather than a practical advantage. In the first place, the vertical height of the
bolster, worm gear, and radial slide impose a limit on the size of the work which can be
machined on a lathe of small centre height when using the appliance.

Though it is likely that most of the spherical turning required will be on parts of small diameter,
there are occasions when large work may be encountered, Calling for the maximum possible
clear swing. The space occupied by the worm gearing, etc., can then ill be spared, and the
appliance is at a disadvantage, compared with one having a direct lever feed. Most spherical
turning operations, other than those which are limited to a relatively small arc, involve the need
for rotating the tool as far as possible to the left, to carry the curve right down to the neck or
stem. When the work is held in a normal chuck, or between centers, the radial slide and its
handle may not be capable of swinging far enough rounds without fouling the chuck or other
revolving parts. I t is possible to make the handle removable, which helps to some extent, but I
have often found that this does not give sufficient clearance. The only thing to be done then is to
slew the tool round to the left in the tool post, but though this enables the arc of surface to be
increased, it reduces the advantages of fitting a slide which gives direct radial tool adjustment.
Section (f) Updated specifications, assembly and detail production drawings.

Updated specifications:

Spindle motor

 6.35mm Powerful router machine comes with 6.35mm collect.

 The Right Rotary Cutter For Wood, Plastic Sheeting, Wood Veneer , Aluminum and Other
Similar Materials Chamfering, Grooving, Surface Finishing

 Curve Cutting, Planing Edge, Pattern Processing Operations Activities.

 Light body with strong power. Max. Cutting Diameter(mm) : 6.35

 Power-1200W, No Load Speed-30000 RPM

Assembly and detail production drawings

Production drawing

A production drawing, also referred to as working drawing, should furnish all the dimensions,
limits and special finishing processes such as heat treatment, honing, lapping, surface finish, etc.,
to guide the craftsman on the shop floor in producing the component. The title should also
mention the material used for the product, number of parts required
Machine drawing for the assembled unit, etc. Since a craftsman will ordinarily make one
component at a time, it is advisable to prepare the production drawing of each component on a
separate sheet. However, in some cases the drawings of related components may be given on the
same sheet. Fig. 1.2 represents an example of a production drawing.

Assembly drawing

A drawing that shows the various parts of a machine in their correct working locations is an
assembly drawing as there are several types of such drawings.

Design Assembly Drawing

When a machine is designed, an assembly drawing or a design layout is first drawn to clearly
visualise the performance, shape and clearances of various parts comprising the machine.

Detailed Assembly Drawing

It is usually made for simple machines, comprising of a relatively smaller number of simple
parts. All the dimensions and information necessary for the construction of such parts and for the
assembly. Assembly drawing parts are given directly on the assembly drawing. Separate views
of specific parts in enlargements, showing the fitting of parts together, may also be drawn in
addition to the regular assembly drawing.

Sub- Assembly Drawing

Many assemblies such as an automobile, lathe, etc., are assembled with many pre-assembled
components as well as individual parts. These pre-assembled units are known as sub-assemblies.
A sub-assembly drawing is an assembly drawing of a group of related parts, that form a part in a
more complicated machine. Examples of such drawings are: lathe tail-stock, diesel engine fuel
pump, carburetor, etc.

Installation Assembly Drawing

On this drawing, the location and dimensions of few important parts and overall dimensions of
the assembled unit are indicated. This drawing provides useful information for assembling the
machine, as this drawing reveals all parts of a machine in their correct working position.

Assembly Drawings for catalogues Special assembly drawings are prepared for company
catalogues. These drawings show only the pertinent details and dimensions that would interest
the potential buyer. A typical catalogue drawing, showing the overall and principal dimensions.
h. Specifications of bought out parts.

Sr no Description Specification Price

1 Spindle motor  6.35mm Powerful 6500

router machine
comes with 6.35mm
collect.

 The Right Rotary

Cutter For Wood,
Plastic Sheeting,
Wood Veneer ,
Aluminum and
Other Similar
Materials
Chamfering,
Grooving, Surface
Finishing

 Curve Cutting,
Planing Edge,
Pattern Processing
Operations
Activities.

 Light body with

strong power. Max.
Cutting
Diameter(mm) :
6.35

 Power-1200W, No
Load Speed-30000
RPM

2 CNC CUTTING SIDE PROFILE MS Mild Steel Plates can 2160

come in various sizes
and grades.
Thicknesses available
range from 3mm up to
as thick as 150mm.
3 Aluminum 55*55*200 The main alloy 1200
elements in 6061 alloy
are magnesium and
silicon. It has medium
strength, good
corrosion resistance,
weldability and good
oxidation effect. It is
widely used in various
industrial structures
requiring high strength
and high corrosion
resistance.
4 Colour spray Fast cure. 150
j. Specification and consumption of consumables.

SR DISCRIPTION USE TIME

1 DRILL PRESS FOR DRILLING 2.5 HR

PURPOSE

2 WELDING MACHINE FOR WELDING 1 HR

3 GRINDER FOR POLISH 1 HR

3 METEL; CUTTER FOR BODY 45 MIN

CONSTRUCTION

4 MARKER PEN MEASURMENT 1 HR

5 MEASURING TAPE MEASUREMENT 30 MIN

Report of inspection / tests carried out.

SR OBJECT TYPE MILLING FINISH

NO SPEED

1 WOOD HIGH GOOD

2 ALLUMINIUM LOW GOOD

3 MS BLOCK LOW FAIR