*Page One

Delegate Name: XYZ

Country: Angola
Institution: School Name
Topic: Solving the oligopoly problem in the international petroleum markets to reduce embargoes

"The greatest tragedy of our time is not the lack of resources, but the unequal distribution of them."
- Nelson Mandela

*Paragraph one:
The global petroleum market is dominated by a few major competitors that control the price, availability,
and quality of petroleum. Limited competition within a sector hinders innovation and stifles market
dynamics, impeding the development of alternative energy sources. The influence wielded by these firms
extends beyond economics, impacting geopolitical relations and environmental policies. The UN has
advocated for transparency in the petroleum sector by supporting initiatives such as the Extractive
Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). EITI encourages governments and companies to disclose
information about revenues and payments in the extractive industries, including oil and gas, thereby
reducing opportunities for corruption and unfair trade practices. The United Nations and the Angolan
government have passed several such suitable amendments and measures to improve the situation of our
world.

*Paragraph two:
Law No, 28/11 approving the legislation on crude oil refining transport, storage, trade, and supply of
petroleum products, passed by the Angolan government in 2011, aims to foster a conductive environment
for investment, facilitate efficient operations, and promote the responsible exploitation of Angola's
petroleum resources. Additionally, it seeks to enhance the country's capacity to meet domestic demand for
petroleum products while also supporting its role as a significant player in the global oil market.
In 2023, after two years of modest recovery, economic growth in Angola was expected to slow sharply to
0.9%. But this was penalised by the downturn in the oil sector, which accounted for 30% of GDP in 2022.
Over the first eight months of 2023, oil production contracted by 5.8% year-on-year. This was primarily
due to maintenance operations, corruption and inequality. Angola's petroleum market is dominated by a
few major buyers or sellers due to oligopoly, the country is overly dependent on these entities. This limits
Angola's ability to negotiate favorable terms of trade and diversify its export markets, making it
vulnerable to fluctuations in global oil prices and demand.

*Paragraph three:
The delegate of Angola cites various methods to reduce the embargoes faced in the international
petroleum market. Some of the above mentioned are: engaging in energy diplomacy, to help address
geopolitical tensions elated to petroleum industry. Diplomatic efforts can focus on fostering
understanding, resolving disputes, and promoting cooperation through negotiations, treaties, and
agreements. Promoting sustainable development practices and environmental stewardship can be shared
goals among petroleum-producing and consuming countries.
Thus, the beautiful land of Angola yearns for new and stronger multilateral alliances. Countries that
support one another can come together to form alliances, thereby preserve a healthy balance of power
sans the alliance becoming imbalanced and tainted.

* MARKED, NOT TO BE MENTIONED IN THE POSITIONS PAPER.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

• https://leap.unep.org/en/countries/ao/national-legislation/law-no-2811-approving-legislation-crude-
oil-refining-and

• https://economic-research.bnpparibas.com/html/en-US/Angola-Decline-production-10/16/2023,49002

• ECOSOC_E.A.MUNC background guide

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BACKGROUND GUIDE (page no:33) FOR FONT, FONT SIZE / ANY OTHER
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