G-1 Describe the clascification of Waste Waste — Harte isan swimnled _undesicabledicarde® 9° inlendsd ta be discatded “matental LePt caer aller—the _pompletion of a certain process (Peod produrl manufacduring _process)— Ooniraiied waste dneludes howehild. loduckial} commerclas. waste. _ Biase Migsty cto), ip Ph y Siak tuE a ) Household waste tlourehold ~wasle_is that mhicharises Proce dwellings ¢ residences) of Various types includit houses _—__— ana _heuseboals campsites , prisons 4 aa: es_fram scheols, ERE se universities —__— oe 9 Commercial wasie + Commercial weske comes From premises —used_ wholly or mainly. for drade. business Spork, __teoreahion or_enterdainament :ercludes__household_4_ rial waste. . Le 'D Tndustria) Waste: Industrial waste is uasle froma Paclory ot — ___industuial_process_5_id excludes wastes From _min es 4 quatries_, es god agricultural wastes — so ee ee 4) Agricultusal Waste’ —Ayril wastes Can -nalual castes) | mining 4 9 Clinical Waste Clinical maste_comes_from_hespitals our “homes dentists, surgeries ete. 4. can also includes eee _ From the household, £ c& Hazardous [Special _wosles: iaxardous_wasles are hazardous for : a ale _of feasensin¢luding toticily. eaplasiveness, _tadi spe alee gel ates 4 dealt | with differently 4p other aoastesQo Paplain the producls detived from Molasses : E Molasses is the final effluent obtained in the _pteparatior of sugar _by repeated crystallization, itis the tesiduat-~» Syrup From which no crystalline _s cose can be oblained by — . S{miplemengegncw es = puaeTaet e 25enG 2 Avery large poof products _can_be derived from molasses The main “products of molasses fermentation of econpmic —— importance on_an_international scale ate rum, ethyl_alcohol ain _acetic acid _, butanol / acelone citric acid. yeast _4 monasodiysn— ie Ti is generally produced ab 26° GL 4 is diluled with wale 2 oe ee . _/ 3 One tonne of molasses would produce about 23° sittes of tum (basis ioo" Gt) Seep ng eit aoe importmant fermentation St a eee ental the_producti _of ethanol! jn oy unime. ci ai piesent,thete are a many os_24 distillers working in India_produci iong_liktes of ethanol per drum ion _chemicals (402). __s) The al i dhe total molassesai thonal_hased_ produds 4 derivatives 1 . ) Molasses ate_ mostly converted into_necd producks via sno assea_are leFl berend Toh the undesirable — ingtedienis_of o_several chemicat _ i... be _used_as raw malemial i : vinyl Chloride (PY Acelamide Chioraferen —w) Animal feed = i h cts shy a es ek sils pene high content of Carbobdrates (4g- 567) 4.|.3) Fortified drought feed = — : 1) There has been _a— significank_increase_io_the_use of ——__ molasses _as—_drou 1 feed_in I stroba eee jal 2 J sucessful aystem of feeding anus mites of - molasses urea with op Se ———— deueloped.. 2 woh ol See 1p) Ensilage oP cue = se pal very Lerge tonnageof cone lops_is available during : eo season in sugarcane growing ateas. ———— ne cane tops— Mii flips (5% Fash oh area (0-2 7.) has proves ing es f)_-many_sugatcane = gu \ 4 este been iene oh Weladee at oe + 4) The avg. tesponse_in_ long terms feeding is about DF keg_milk _pet_kg molasses Be: 4 it is i elopment — in their_dtea_of operation can yery-well slat| plants based an molasses baggase —____— oe 4) Lactic acid e i ppemrucrees salte S i 3) Maleic 4 Fumaric acid. 4) Citric atid@3 Explain the types of wosle from oil industry. — he al gute als py . industry primary ail__meals)_are_being é feed, -oltgh ee ques leu aoe ate 4 lie: cRale pea min ron eetiil ____Some_of_ the by elle of oil- seed. processing. 4. tree oil industt gre as: . ee - Seer Se se ogo me Manure, 5 Sts 7 eer E i [=—Z\ Pood purposes, re (hee 407- \O peed 45° E Groundnut — ee can_be_prepaied from wabole | be utilized For -yarious _beneficial_purpos i) bow fal gro indouls- id_Joimal reed | z iit) ShellSunPlower i= ‘a eimai o | 3 de eee ruminant animals -) swine of poultry _2) Food: Cakes 4 protein isuales used in_pteparalion of sacs san _3) Medicinal Purpos. es: Tnfusion made Prom sunflower =reléive ches oan 4) Monute Sunflower sialks as manure 4 hulls as Organic Manure 5) Puel : Hulls suve as Fuel. e wl Sesame i— : ri = E ) Peed: Coke is used as a valuable Peed _____ 2) Pod: Several high protein produ de __________— —9Manwe ~_Cake_used_as_prganic_manupe __________ 4) Medicinal puipose : Cooked “leaves utilized bo prepare Pal medicines _ Mi_Soybean :— este Py (r oy paneer baked flood: oY ae etc | __Bul even aPler extraction of “oil the left over matemial can be used for Various beneficial purpo. wu] Caster: 4) i i Ps n malérial in manufacture of plastics. adhesiveo, warec, polish _coahings, inl: Painlscosmehcs, perfumes. Plavours » P iG r “Tag rapes testite_ayes. ele 2) Bul the waste can he used For no of other utes ~Fou Pale oni 5 ee compos. ao ee > Fel fun teal tia ie nab 3) Vilamin_concentrale + = X} Cottonseed :— ottongeed meal i. the end producl_of processing oPcollan seeds. eplone: tree RU Coconat:— Sh 4) Hard shells = d or maoufa she harco activated _ carbon | i: our: Used as compound cin 9 Coir: I oir dust: (sed making ingwatin efria tems > Used in consi’ “of house in animal feed ic_ manure9-4. Explain the grain. processing wode + }auce a | Waslage Sifters 20s. cer Feease | grain milling indwlies iC Monitory value —_ Rs-“Igo0p/-€rres) | Rice — diag ct | i PPE: from Grain processing Industvies : Appr. monitor eer wpasloge GEES CLakh tonnes) ‘ = D Rice milling son i -__~Hullers /Sheners [S04 iy! 25-28 6800 }-— Modern rice mills 80 20-22 ooo 2 Dhal Milling : = Conventional dhal mill. 20 25-27 Hoo Reeseioderoinnlecpiitc 0s eM CN sme 200 9 _jlheat [Milling Serchokkisr web) ee ee feekollel Plocnmiles SiMe ai onan 4D Dey mining of io 5 a cna processin e oe F iH ice_Mitling : The by= products fram ice Milling induslty ate 4_-__DRice bran ei}uw Maize si = 1) heal milling — Bee Malze mille ty 167 24 hgranenipetets te eee oie SY Waste grains = to= t 2-5 % Utilization of by - praducl.s 4 management of waste disposal —is_olso gaining _imporionce_as_a part of food processing system f_ due to the awateness of environment ot_pollution —_—__—_— ——-2—Twwo_general_melhads for utilization of by=producs/ waste fan —food industries have been () Animal feed 6) Pertilizer 9 Researchers have atte mpled 40 utilize the waste io diPf-wa 4) The produc! specific coasie From grain industries 1s characterized by ils composition 3) Rice_stemn malerials a -waste_by-produd of g ice grain -industty.can be used gs a feed Por veslock 2 Biacntin chal eh aaa ftepated fram mice hulle, —ice_straw J sqgarcane_bagasse ste) ie 2 Silica gel has heen prepared from aice hull OSHene Seas G.5.bhile the wastes generaled_durii proces sing io food industites 1] Wastes generaled_ during Sante seal fo —Pracessing industty ee a ae [Endustrsy (Produits | —Unil operons | ___ lature of wastes | Canoing __Finimming, Cutting, _|~ Pood | Pru t pieces juice ee blanching —waber, syrup brine etc. Dalry products __Pasleurizahion packing, |- Buttermilk -eohey., separ abe ____|filliabing selec (mill. dillubion of hole milk jefe ewed distilled - Washing, Sleeping. |- Condensate fiom euaporahion evarage industry [Messing packing —fesidue Prom distillation of alcohol, wat er rSlaughtering. Washing |- lash eabet blood. bones . fal idue concentrate. Tesi jblashing Cutting .trimming= Bring alum,durmenic..sypu J reparation, packing _lgolid Prujt A vegetables. ___ Filtration + Residu + Pulping Fermentation t Solids water * Prebsith _ centrifugation = waler, residue. washing? evaporationi i i Wale, Solid grains Rice Washing Cooking, Soaking é 4 Z af drinks IWashing, Bottling Packing lash woler. Sugar syrup Bakery bashing. Greasing — Wash water, Salids H, Crop Waste (%) Nolate of Waste. _ | Apple. 00-30 ___ Pamace — ces! eae Orange £0 _|_ Peele, seeds. Pulp i Lime sis GIONS 1 _|___ Peet, Seeds, Pulp a | Mangus Sie 4o-go | Shin_4 Stone oH =| Mango pegis} to-o ___} Peel pulp S| Pulper waste} 5-10 _ eek AES eit cs SAM D| Kernels _| hits 8)|Pineapple | _3o-so_____+|_— Peel, Core, trimmings, Shteds 9) | Tomato __| | Core. Peel, Seeds a Potato estes | __Feel Coatse Solids 8angna. 20-80 Peel id apricot-| 60-70 | Pulp, stone. kernel oe | {Tamarind fi 3 s s.| La. o Pruif pulp Eg Eraqie eit 60265) Biel cs ie Becumber. ts (Seeing cee oe mere |Grap a Steam, pomance_ | Guava 5 Cotes. Seeds. Pee! | Passion frui be Re Rind, Seeds Pear _ Sis Peet, Core as.| 2 Food Processing Wastes Menagamant Table 5. Waste slreams in food processing sectors Ber eee POON ae eee ee ee ae eee, Industry subsector Waste streams Industry subseptoy —Waptestree Dairy products (Spills (i), Production resichals (ai) OtFspeciicationand outdated products (iv) Cleaning or transport, production and other equipments (Truck wash water tank wash/ rinse weter (wi) Sanitizing chemicals Overflow, spillage from conveyers, packaging (i) Rejects, peels, outdated material (ai) Conveying water, plume water, wash water, ‘cluded solubles (sugars, acids, starch ete) (0) Blanching water Fruit and Vegetable products Meat (Blood and blood rinse (ii) Hices, hair é (ii) Pounch manure (iv) Inedible fats (e) Rendering water (ei) Eviscereted parts (Blood and blood rinse (i) Seakling water (Gi) Feathers, (Go) Eviscerated parts Poultry () Flume water (ei) Wash water gi BS ee 1.3.5Water consumption 3 huge quantity of water is used annually in different agro-baced