Proc. of 2020 7th Int. Conf. on Information Tech.

, Computer, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE)

Innovation Architecture Smart Car Parking System

with Wireless Sensor Networks
Erick Fernando
Information Systems Department
School of Information Systems
Bina Nusantara University
Jakarta, Indonesia
erick.fernando001@binus.ac.id
Harco Leslie Hendric Spits Warnars
Department of Computer Science
BINUS Graduate Program-Doctor of Computer Science
Bina Nusantara University
Jakarta, Indonesia
spits.shendric@binus.ac.id

Abstract— Nowadays, the number of cars is increasing
every year, with the number of cars increasing, the parking
areas will be limited. If parking areas can take more space in a
town/place, it will be good for the town itself because nowadays
the problem is either no parking space or too much parking
space which is not suitable for human space. Moreover,
because our population keeps going up and space is reducing
even, we have to cut the forest to make space for parking lots,
which is not suitable for our ecosystem. The number of cars
itself also increasing each year, which is so problematic in road
and infrastructure management. To fix this, we need to have a
sound management system for maximizing the use of available
space in town and minimizing the traffic in the road. The
problem nowadays is a roaming car that searching for parking
space and making road traffic and making massive pollution
for the town. When a car searching for a parking slot inside a
building that is crowded, it will go around the parking lot, and
there will be traffic inside the parking lot because many cars
will queue searching for empty parking slots. This means that
the driver will also waste many fuels, which is not suitable for
the ecosystem. Since this problem has not been fixed yet and
the population is increasing each year, and a new way of
driving and parking system is required, we want to propose a
new system that uses the processor board, wireless sensor
network to fix the problem.
Keywords Car Parking System, Wireless Sensor, Smart
system, architecture.
I. INTRODUCTION
The problem nowadays in cities is having significant
traffic [1], lack of space for living, and space for parking lots.
This makes people spent most of their time on the road.
Moreover, the population number that increases each year
and the increasing number of cars being used make parking
lot seem harder to find. So this makes people desire to have a
system that can save their time, especially in traffic that
happens because of parking [2]and also can track the
available parking space near them [3].
It is using a wireless sensor network that recently attracts
much interest in developers [4] because a wireless sensor
network consists of low-cost sensors that can be used for the
self-organized system. WNS itself has a great potential to be
used in a daily environmental system such as in-home,
building, health care [5], habitat monitoring [6]. So, in this
paper, we propose a new system that can fix traffic problems.
This system will use a method using a wireless sensor
network, which is cheap compared to other sensor
technology, alarm, and we will use the processor to run all of
this. We have a search of some existing studies about this
system that using photo sensor technologies [7] or video
sensor technologies [8] but those two have disadvantages in
budgeting since both tend to be expensive compared to the
wireless sensor network. Moreover, it will be deployed
randomly [9] mostly in a four-wheeler motor [10]. We also
have designed a prototype that will use the program [11].
In more specific our system will be designed in a
program that will record every car that joins us and give
them sensor so that we can detect them in our system
whenever they want to go for parking then our system will
give parking lot availability status to the user in our program.
Moreover, they can find the closest available lot [12], give
them direction of the driving path, and when the car is
parked it will send us notification to mark the spot and
update the available space[13] and estimate how much they
have to pay and pay it directly with cashless method[14][15].
II. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
The Smart Car Parking Management System that is built
must-have requirements that must be met in order for it to
function appropriately, essential requirements, namely:
• Parking lots must be readily available with the mobile
application.
• Parking lots must have easily accessible doors.
• The parking lot must have a large and sufficient scale
that is used for the car to enter and choose the desired
parking space easily.
In addition to meeting these requirements, a system that
works must have advantages in commercial terms and for the
user, so it must have requirements
• The system must have easy-to-use instructions so you
can help users find empty parking.
• The system must have a good level of security to avoid
car loss.
• The system must provide an automatic method for users
to find a parking space.
• The system must have a parking management function.
The system must have a high level of precision, security,
flexibility of access, comfort, operating costs, and low and
easy maintenance. Compliance with the requirements or
provisions of the car parking management system helps
minimize the human function in the operation and
supervision to reduce operating costs and errors that occur to
improve the efficiency and safety of the system.

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 III. SYSTEM COMPONENT AND ARCHITECTURE
This system uses a crossbow component from
Technology Inc., which is a manufacturer of wireless sensor
networks. The components used in this system include:

A. Motes
This component is a device that has a radio processor and
a chip called Motes Processor Radio boards (MPR) boards.
MPR uses the Tiny OS open-source operating system that
provides low activity and administration services with the
XMesh Crossbow network. In this study, we use MPR (it can
be seen in Figure 1). Motes has the advantage of having a
device that is compatible with IEEE802.15.4 wireless
networks, and this device can also interact with other sensors
and communicate with other devices.
Fig. 3. MIB510
The development of the system using wireless sensor
networks and equipped with a 3-layer frame can be seen in
Figure 4. The first layer is the Mote layer that has a wireless
sensor mesh network and is programmed with the TinyOS
firmware to perform environmental monitoring tasks. The
second layer is the functions of the server layer to provide
data records and database services that are used to transfer
data to the primary data storage. The third layer is the client
layer that works to visualize, monitor, and analyze tools to
show and predict sensory data. The MOTE-VIEW device is
the hardware and software developed by Crossbow that
works to manipulate the sensory data generated in the device.

Fig. 1. MPR2400 Gateway with

Task Server & Mote View
Postgress Client
B. Sensor board Database
The sensor used is a sensor whose sensor board is in
accordance with the engine processor radio plates (MPR),
that is, the MTS310 sensor board (can be seen in Figure 2).
Other sensors used include a light sensor, temperature
sensor, and sound sensors.

Mesh
Network Mote-View
Client

Fig. 2. MTS310

C. Gateway
The gateway used is the Mote Interface Board (MIB), Server Monitor Server with
MIB510 (as shown in Figure 3). This portal is used to with Mote-View Xlisten &
acquire sensory data on the computer. MIB serves to help as localhost Database
Motes receive system control commands from the upper
layer system.
Fig. 4. The framework of the WSN system

The architecture developed through the connection

between each device used includes sensor networks, Mote-
View, TinyOS, PostgreSQL database system [3] the system
always works to collect all the information when activated

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when reading vehicles that have sensor nodes. From the
process that is carried out, information is produced that will
be sent to the gateway through a wireless network to the
sensor nodes and to all the gateways that are connected to the
database server through the Internet network and record all
activities in the database.
Fig. 5. Architecture system smart parking
IV. ANALYSIS SYSTEM WORKS
The operation of the developed system is divided into
three parts (in figure 6); each part has a different task.
1. The first part is at the bottom of this device, which is
Motes and the network. The network has the task of
supporting the network operation of wireless nodes and
sensors so that they can interact or communicate with
each other. While Mote is full of the TinyOS operating
system, an operating system that is very lightweight to
mediate wireless sensor nodes with networks. The
network protocol uses XMesh that has been determined
for the Mote network.
2. The central part is part of the system database that is
used to record all existing information. The system
database uses Postgres [16]. The process carried out in
this section is to register and report sensory data to
Mote and then send them to the top.
3. The top part is the part of the application that has
several modules in the system administration, namely
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the administration module detects the parking lot to find
out the parking availability, the automatic toll
management module that works to manage the payment
of user parking fees, the security management module
that works to carry out investigations of vehicles/cars
that do not follow the rules of the system, for example,
illegal entry and entry, as well as reports and statistical
modules that are used to show results in the form of
reports of information about the parking system itself to
administrators to be able to know the status of the
system that is running
Fig. 6. System software structure
Application development in this smart parking system
uses an object-oriented and event-oriented programming
approach. The five processes developed in this application
are Active system time, check-in system, Driving status,
check-out system, and Parking management.
• Active system time, the system has a real-time working
time so that it always provides status sensor information
that is used to detect and provide information that will
be stored in a database.
• Check-in system, the system provides information for
each car that enters the parking area and records
information about the car.
• Driving status, the system provides the car lane and the
information of the car's status in the parking position
using the wireless sensor. The sensor will provide
information on the availability of parking spaces or the
use of parking spaces
• The check-out system, the system verifies the
information of a car that left a parking lot and
calculated the costs that the user must incur.
• Parking management, this system helps a manager to
carry out his tasks in parking management.
All processes interact with each other in the performance
of their functions clearly and regularly.
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