RESEARCH TOPIC: TINEA CORPORIS

MEMBERS NAME:
ZOYA YOUNUS
FARIHA KHAN
SHEENA KHAN
AMNA IZHAR
TEAM SUPERVISIOR: TABIBA AYESHA JAMIL
Management of tinea corporis (fungal infection)
Abstract:
Tenia corporis is a fungal infection on superficial skin. It is caused by fungal infection
or dermatophytes. This typically causes pink-to-red annular (o-shaped) patches and
plaques with raised scaly borders that expand peripherally and tend to clear centrally.
It can found worldwide in all age groups, both in male and female. Most often
common in hot countries. The pathogenesis and course of tinea is decisively
determined by pathogen-related factors and by the defense mechanisms of the host. An
infection starts with an adherence of fungal propagules, followed by the formation of
hyphae that can spread within the tissue. Tenia corporis diagnosis is based on the
appearance and potassium hydroxide wet mount.

Objective:
This review belongs to provide the update of treatment and prevalence of tinea
corporis

Keywords:
Tinea corporis, fungal infection, potassium hydroxide, ring worm, dermatophytes,
infection, pathogenesis
INTRODUCTION:

Tinea corporis is a fungal infection that affects the surficial layer of skin, also called
the ring worm of the body. It gets this name due to its appearance; it looks like a round
or circular rash, is itchy, and involves all over the body except the nails, hands, feet,
face, scalp, beard, and groin region. It can easily affect people who have weak
immunity. It can also spread by infected skin, contaminated water, public pools, a
warm & moist environment, and the sharing of some objects such as beds, towels,
clothes, combs, and hats. It is common in people who play contact sports such as
boxing and wrestling and in people who have excessive sweat and close contact with
animals.

ETIOLOGY:

Dermatophytes that adhere to the keratinized tissue of the skin cause dermatophytosis,
a kind of superficial fungal skin infection. Eighty to ninety percent of strains belong to
the most common species, Trichophyton rubrum. Usually, direct contact with dirt,
animals, or people results in infection. Athletes, those with tinea capitis, and those
with tinea corporis gladiatorum frequently have tinea corporis secondary to
Trichophyton tonsurans. It's also typical to have close contact with dogs or cats.

Epidemiology:

Tinea corporis is extremely popular worldwide. Dermatophytes are the most common
agents of superficial fungal infections. Extreme heat, high relative humidity, and tight
clothing are associated with more severe and frequent illnesses.
Humans can become infected through close contact with infected people, infected
animals (especially domestic dogs or cats), contaminated objects, or contaminated soil.
T rubrum is the most common infectious agent worldwide and causes 47% of systemic
fungal infections. The immunocompromised patients likewise have an expanded
predominance in creating Majocchi granuloma, a kind of fungus corporis folliculitis
that attacks the profound dermal layers as opposed to the more shallow customary
fungus corporis. The lifetime hazard of gaining fungus corporis is assessed to be 10–
20%.
 19.12 % 79,50%

47,30%

TINEA
CRURIS
TINEA COR-
PORIS

Figure 1 Epidemiology

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:

All individuals don't have equivalent defenselessness to contagious contamination, and

there are familial and hereditary inclinations perhaps intervened by unambiguous
imperfections in natural and versatile resistance. Patients with low defensin beta 4
might exhibit an inclination to all dermatophytes. Some other inclining factors
incorporate fundamental infections, for example, diabetes mellitus, lymphomas,
immunocompromised status, Cushing disorder, abundance of perspiration, or
advanced age. The presently held view is that a cell-intervened invulnerable reaction is
liable for the control of dermatophytosis

HISTOPATHOLOGY:

Tiny assessment happens after the organization of a 10% to 20% potassium hydroxide
(KOH) solution for the skin scrapings. Delicate warming, notwithstanding the KOH
plan, breaks up the keratin and underscores the dermatophyte itself. Minute perception
uncovers septate and stretching long, limited hyphae without tightening.
PREDISPOSING FACTORS:

Contact with infected individuals or animals

Moist environments (e.g., public swimming pools)

ClINICAL FEATURES:
Tinea corporis initially appears as a single round red dot with a raised, scaly leading
edge. The lesion spreads centrally, forming a ring with central hypopigmentation and a
peripheral scaly red border (ring). The border may be papular or pustular. Itching is
common. Over time, multiple lesions may develop and coalesce to form a polycyclic
pattern. Damage distribution is usually asymmetric

LAB INVESTIGATION:

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE PREPARATION

Clinicians can use a potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation of skin scrapings or nail
clippings to confirm a diagnosis of ringworm. This test can provide rapid results, but
the test’s accuracy depends on clinician’s experience and technique .
2

COMPLICATION:
Majocchi granuloma is a rare dermatophytic disease where a dermatophyte attacks
hair follicles and extends into the dermis. It can cause minor skin injuries like shaving,
leading to erythematous knobs or papules. Oral antifungals like terbinafine are
recommended.

TREATMENT:

General prevention
Don't share clothes, sports gear, or towels.
To wear slippers in locker rooms, public pools, and bathing areas
To shower after any sport that includes skin-to-skin contact.
To wear loose-fitting cotton clothes.
To keep the skin clean and dry.
To take the pets to the veterinarian if it have patches of missing
hair, which could be a sign of a fungal infection.

ALLOPATHIC:
Ketoconazole Cream (Nizoral, Conaz)
Or Terbinafine Cream (Lamisil Terbiderm, Terbisil)
Topical Application Twice daily (BD) on affected site at least for 2 weeks
3. Tab. Loratidine 10mg (Softin, Lorin NSA)
Or Tab. Cetirizine 10mg (Rigix, Zyretic Or
Once or twice daily for allergies/itchy skin (Pruritus)

HERBAL:

Arq e mundi: It has antitumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

Effective against ringworm, scabies, skin ulcers, allergies, and other skin issues. 50–
125 ml is the recommended dosage for Ark Mundi .This medication only contains
Kasni, or chicory seed, as an ingredient. Overdoses during the preparation of Ark may
result in headache, irritability, nausea, vomiting, and intestinal or abdominal illness.
Pregnancy should be avoided when using this medication.

Tab Musaffeen: antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, making it an

effective solution for various skin issues such as rashes, pimples, prickles, and boils.
With regular use, Musaffeen helps in the purification of blood, removing toxins and
impurities from your system
 Itrefal Mundi: is a powerful blood purifier that effectively removes harmful
impurities from the blood. It is also effective in treating freckles, pimples, and
persistent skin allergies.

Dhamasa booti: The best choice is Dhamasa booti because it treats a variety of skin
conditions. Studies on begonia by the NCBI provide proof of the plant's therapeutic
benefits for a variety of skin conditions, such as allergies, acne, pimples, and
smallpox. It also makes your skin clearer by purifying your blood and eliminating
toxins from your body.

Gul Mundi:
Sphaeranthus Indicus (Gul e Mundi) "Gul Mundi Herb" is referred to as "‫ "گل مندی‬This
delicious herb, spice, & condiment is cherished for its nutritional value and versatility.
Sphaeranthus indicus is a perennial weed herb that grows in tropical climates.it is a
nerve tonic, blood purifier and effective in treating cardiac and nervine debility, skin
ulcerations, scabies, ringworms and other skin ailments. It helps purify blood

Sharbat e unaab:
It is Blood purifier. Normalizes the heat sensation of the hands and feet. Reduces the
severity of the fever.
combat various skin issues and restore your skin’s health and radiance.
Enhance your overall well-being by cleansing your blood of impurities. It also gives a
soothing effect to the body and is also used in dry itching, headaches, coughs, urticaria
and chest ailments. To be taken in 20 ml twice a day.

Chirata:
Powered with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, chirata
offers blood purifying activity. Owing to the Tikta (bitter) taste and Pitta balancing
property, it removes toxins from the blood and hence helps to manage skin diseases. It
is also extremely useful in managing rashes, inflammation, redness, itching, burning
sensation and thus helps in the treatment of skin eruptions.
Chirata is available in three forms:
 Chirata decoction
 Chirata powder
 Chirata tablets
 Chirata capsules
Chirata Powder - 1-3 gm infused in Luke warm water twice a day or as directed by
the ayurvedic doctor or physician.
Chirata Tablet/Capsule - 1 tab/cap twice a day.

Itrifal Shahtara: is an ayurvedic medicine that is primarily used for the treatment
of Skin Discolouration. The key ingredients of Hamdard Itrifal Shahtara are Amla,
Haritaki, Baheda.
Itrifal Shahtara is a good blood purifier.
It is useful in the ailments produced due to blood impurity, eye complaints like
redness, irritation.
 Single Maximum Dose: 10 g
 Preferred way of taking: Luke Warm Water
 Dosage Form: Paste
 Dosage Route: Oral
 Frequency: BID (twice daily)

conclusion:
As long as the lesion is typical, the diagnosis of tinea corporis is typically clinical and
shouldn't present any difficulties for the doctor. Nevertheless, there are numerous
clinical variations of tinea corporis, making diagnosis challenging, particularly if
medication use in the past has included corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors.
Because of this, doctors need to be knowledgeable about this illness in order to
properly diagnose patients and start treatment.

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