8-bit color format O8-bit color is used for storing image information in a computer's memory or in a file of an image. Oln this format, each pixel represents one 8 bit(byte). It has 0-255 range of colors, in which 0 is used for black, 255 for white and 127 for gray color. O The 8-bit color format is also known as a grayscale image. Olnitially, it was used by the UNIX operating system. * HBHORBEEEEe Baan a8)16-bit color format OThe 16-bit color format is also known as high color format. It has 65,536 different color shades. OThe 16-bit color format is further divided into three formats which are Red, Green, and Blue also known as RGB format. Oln RGB format, there are 5 bits for Red, 6 bits for Green, and 5 bits for Blue. O One additional bit is added in green because in all the 3 colors green color is soothing to eyes. Fig: RGB 16s palene24-bit color format OThe 24-bit color format is also known as the true color format. OThe 24-bit color format is also distributed in Red, Green, and Blue. OAs 24 can be equally divided on 8, so it is distributed equally between 3 different colors like 8 bits for Red, 8 bits for Green and 8 bits for Blue. _l 24 <— EI ialHuman Visual System(HVS) *The field of digital image processing is built on the foundation of mathematical and probabilistic formulation, but human intuition and analysis play the main role to make the selection between various techniques, and the choice or selection is basically made on subjective, visual judgements. *In human visual perception, the eyes act as the sensor or camera, neurons act as the connecting cable and the brain acts as the processor. * The basic elements of visual perceptions are: OStructure of Eye Olmage Formation in the Eye OBrightness Adaptation and DiscriminationStructure of Eye Conjunctiva Selera \ Choroid Lens My Iris \ / Retina Aqueous Humour (watery fluid) Cornea A ™ Optic Nerve Trabecular / (sends information Meshwork / to the brain) / re suspensofy Ciliary Body iigacvents (produces aqueous humour)* The human eye is a spherical structure of diameter 2.3 cm and there is some fluid filled inside the eye. It is connected to the human skull through some muscles that allow the eyeball to move freely inside the eye cavity. The eye cavity is protected from the outside by the eyelid which provides the required protection to the eyes from foreign particles. * The eye is just like a camera. The external object is seen as the camera take the picture of any object. «Light enters the eye through a small hole called the pupil, a black looking aperture having the quality of contraction of eye when exposed to bright light and is focused on the retina which is like a camera film.* The lens, iris, and cornea are nourished by clear fluid, know as anterior chamber. The fluid flows from ciliary body to the pupil and is absorbed through the channels in the angle of the anterior chamber. The delicate balance of aqueous production and absorption controls pressure within the eye. * Cones in eye number between 6 to 7 million which are highly sensitive to colors. Human visualizes the colored image in daylight due to these cones. The cone vision is also called as photopic or bright-light vision. Rods in the eye are much larger between 75 to 150 million and are distributed over the retinal surface. Rods are not involved in the color vision and are sensitive to low levels of illumination. Rod vision is called is scotopic or dim light vision. The absent of reciprocators is called blind spot