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Read online textbook The New Harbrace Guide Genres For Composing Cheryl Glenn ebook all chapter pdf
Read online textbook The New Harbrace Guide Genres For Composing Cheryl Glenn ebook all chapter pdf
When we last left Maharbal upon the shores of the Adriatic he was a
prey to great sorrow at the loss of his dear friend Mago. But soon he
had no time for any personal feelings, for the army was once more in
motion. Hannibal, ever mindful of his dream, proceeded to follow out
the plan that the dream had suggested, namely, the devastation of
Italy. Accordingly, ever leaving a destroyed territory in his wake, he
marched onward and southward. Every village that he came across
he pillaged and burned, every town or walled city that he met he laid
siege to, captured, and destroyed. It was not a part of his plan of
campaign to allow his followers to hamper themselves with the
quantities of female slaves that they took prisoners, as there could
be no means of exportation for them. Therefore, merely delaying for
a few days’ repose after the capture of each place, he caused the
army to relinquish all the women they had taken, and so to march
on, ever forward, unhampered save by the enormous booty they had
acquired.
The power of Rome having been apparently paralysed, he, for a
considerable space, wandered whither he would, utterly unopposed.
Having traversed, from end to end, the countries of Picenum,
Campania, Samnium, and Apulia; having for months and months
devastated all the richest country in Italy, under the very eyes of the
following force of Romans, under the Dictator Fabius, surnamed
Cunctator or the Lingerer, he seized upon and carried by assault the
citadel and town of Cannæ, where there was an immense store of
provisions and materials of war belonging to the Romans. There he
rested for a time, and armed all his Libyan infantry with Roman
armour and Roman weapons. What a delight must not the
Carthaginian chief have felt, as he dealt out by the thousand to his
followers the suits of armour that he had taken from the Roman
warriors even in their own country. He now had, however, not only
the most absolute confidence in himself and his mission, but a
sarcastic delight in thus arming his forces with Roman harness to
fight against the Romans themselves. And this feeling was shared by
the men of mixed nationalities in his army, who, with feelings of
triumph, arrayed themselves in the trappings of the enemy whom
they were commencing to despise.
Meanwhile, the members of the Senate at Rome were tearing their
hair. They determined that an effort must be made, and this puny
invader, who, with such a ridiculously small force, had dared to
affront all the might of Rome, must be crushed forthwith. Despite,
therefore, the previous disasters, they girt their loins together most
manfully, and prepared for new and more determined efforts to wipe
Hannibal and all his crew off the face of the earth.
What the power of the Roman Senate, what the resolution of the
Roman people must have been, is exemplified by the fact that,
despite previous losses, they soon had in the field an army
amounting in number to more than four times the usual annual levy
of legions. For it consisted, counting horse and foot, of nearly ninety-
eight thousand men! And the Dictator, the lingerer Fabius, having
been proved a failure, and he and his master of the horse, and
sometimes co-dictator, Minucius, having been repeatedly defeated in
various small actions and skirmishes, this enormous force was
placed under the command of the two new consuls for the year,
Paullus Æmilius, and Terentius Varro, the former being a patrician of
great fame, the latter a popular demagogue of plebeian origin.
Æmilius had already greatly distinguished himself in the Illyrian war,
for which he had celebrated a splendid triumph; but as for Varro, he
was, although the representative of the people, nothing but a vulgar
and impudent bully, with no other knowledge of war than his own
unbounded assurance. When Hannibal, with his usual military
genius, had seized upon the citadel of Cannæ, these two consuls,
burning to retrieve the frequent recent disasters, arrived upon the
scene and took over the command. But after all that had gone
before, they were not sure of themselves, and therefore persuaded
the out-going consuls, Cnœus Servilius and Marcus Atillus, to remain
and join in the battle. Marcus Minucius likewise, who had been co-
dictator with Fabius, returned to the army to take part in the great
fight which, with all his rashness, he had not himself been able to
precipitate during his own term of office, but which he knew to be
imminent. He had already suffered a defeat at the hands of
Hannibal, and was burning to gain his revenge. And now he knew
that he had his chance against the comparatively small force of the
presumptuous invader, for never, in all her history, had Rome put
such an enormous army in the field.
Hannibal and his army were encamped upon some heights to the
south of a river called the Aufidus. This stream was remarkable in
one respect, it being the sole stream in the whole of Italia which
flows through the range of the Apennine mountains, rising on their
western side, passing through the hills, and falling into the Adriatic
Sea on the eastern side of the Italian Peninsula. From the excellent
situation of the Carthaginian camp, all the military dispositions of the
Romans could be easily observed, and by means of the spies
employed by old Sosilus, Hannibal was not long in being informed of
the dissensions between the two consuls. Never was there an
instance in which the disadvantage of a dual command was shown
more than upon the present occasion, when one consul was in
command of the whole force one day and the other the next, and
what the one did to-day the other undid to-morrow. For it was the
custom in the Roman army when both consuls were present to give
to each the supreme command on alternate days. It was a wonder,
however, that after the example of the co-dictators Fabius Cunctator
and Marcus Minucius, who had found it an utter failure a short time
before, that this system of daily alternate command had not been
abandoned. For Fabius and Minucius had found it so unworkable
that they had for a time divided the army into two, each taking his
own half. And with his half only, having risked a battle, Minucius was
utterly defeated owing to an ambush of cavalry prepared by
Hannibal. The late Master of the Horse and his troops were, upon
this occasion, only saved from utter destruction by the Lingerer
setting his own half of the army in motion, and coming to his rash
colleague’s assistance in the nick of time, and checking the
Carthaginian pursuit, with much loss to the triumphant Phœnician
force. After that, Minucius had wisely resigned his right to the
command, leaving the entire power in the hands of Fabius.