S)

P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r
According to big bang theory, the world came into being
S)
M
around 4.6 billions years ago.

(P
hi r
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Continents: S)
1-Asia

P M
2-Europe

r (
3-Africa

hi
s
4-Australia
5-Antarctica
6-North America
B a
n
7-South America

a
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Oceans
S)
P M
(
• Atlantic
•
•
Arctic
southern
hi r
• Pacific
a s
• Indian
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Common but confusing S )
P M
• Creek:
r (
hi
smallest inlet of water.

s
• Gulf:

• Bay:
B a
larger than creek.

n
larger than gulf.
• Bight:

r a
larger than bay.

m prepared by Imran Bashir PMS

 Gulf & Bight S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Isthmus S)
• Narrow strip of land between two major land
P M
masses, as panama isthmus.
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 PENINSULA S)
• A land mass having water on its three sides.
P M
E.g. Iberian peninsula, Arabian peninsula

r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 ISLAND
S)
• A land mass having water at all its 4 sides.
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Plateau Hill and Mountain S)
P M
(
• Plateau: nearly flat land(height in hundreds

r
meters only)

h i
• Hills: less height than such as Margala hills.

a s
• Mountains: average height is 2500-3000
meters
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
Seas and Oceans: sea is a constitute part of the ocean and
S)
M
is smaller than ocean. An ocean have many seas in it.

(P
hi r
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 STRAIT
S)
• NARROW PASSAGE OF WATER BETWEEN TWO

P M
(
BIG LAND MASSES, as strait between Spain

i r
and morocco.

s h
B a
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 DESERT S)
P M
(
IDENTIFICATION: REASONS:

• Less precipitation: no
rainfall

hi r
• Area far away from sea
• Has mountain barrier

s
• Less vegetation: no • Extreme cold or low

a
greenery temperature

B
• Less inhabitation: no people

a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Indian ocean S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Continents S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Asia
S)
 Planet's largest continent,(48) countries

P M
(
 covers 30 percent of the world's landmass

i r
Asia hosts the world's tallest mountain, MOUNT EVERST in Nepal, 29,035
ft (8,850m).

h



a
(431 meters) below sea level
s
World's lowest point, found in the Dead Sea, Israel/Jordan, at 1,414 feet

The world's most populated countries, China and India.


B
The world's longest coastline,

a n
World's deepest lake; Lake Baykal,

m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS

 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 South Asia (8 countries) S)
P M
r (
h i
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Economic

S)
M
and
political

P
cooperation

r ( Established on

i
December 8 1985
by India ,

h
8 Pakistan ,
members Bangladesh , Sri

s
Lanka , Nepal,
Maldives,

a
SAARC Bhutan

B
a n Largest

r
organization April 2007
Afghanista
w.r.t.
n joined it
population:

m
at its 14th
1.5billion summit
people
prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
GEOPOLITICAL ISSUES IN SOUTH ASIA
S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
Note : Kashmir is a disputed territory , hence incorrectly shown as part of
India in this map

P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
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 S)
BANGLADESH

P M
(
 One of the poorest countries

r
 High population density

i
 Independent since 1971

h
 Formerly East Pakistan

s
 85% Muslims, 12% Hindus

a
 Physiological density = 3,622/sq. mi
 1.9% annual growth rate

B
 Economy is overwhelmingly
agricultural

n
 Cultivation of rice is the single most

a
important activity in the economy.

r
 Prone to natural hazards
– Cyclones

m
– Flooding
 S)
M
SRI LANKA

P
 Independent Since 1948

(
 19.7 Million People (70% Buddhists)
 Plantation Agriculture:

i r
– Tea, Rubber, Coconuts
 South (Majority Of Population)

h
• Aryan

s
• Buddhists
• Speak Sinhala (Indo-European)

a
 North (18% Of The Population)
• Dravidian

B
• Hindu
• Tamil Language

n
 Sinhalese vs Tamils
 Tamils - demanded equal rights in:

a
-- education

r
-- employment
-- landownership

m
-- linguistic & political representation
 LTTE - Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
 South Eastern Countries S)
P M
r (
h i
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Middle Eastern Countries(13) S)
P M
(
• Middle east+ Iran=13+1=14=south west Asia.

h i r
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Far East countries S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Caucasian countries(4) S)
P M
(
• Called so because of presence of cocas
mountains.
• Turkey
h i r
• Georgia
a s
B
• Armenia

n
• Azerbaijan

r a
m prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Caucasian +South West Asian
S)
countries

P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Cars(5 countries, tan at end)
S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Europe S)
P M
(
• Europe, the planet's 6th largest
continent.
• Includes 44 countries.
hi r
a s
• The European continent, bordered by

B
numerous bodies of water, is separated from

n
Asia by Russia's Ural Mountains and by the

a
Caspian and Black Seas. It is separated from

m r
Africa by the Mediterranean Sea.

prepared by Imran Bashir PMS

 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Europe dissection S)
P M
(
• Scandinavian countries
•
•
Baltic states
Benelux
hi r
•
•
Alpine European countries

a s
B
British isles
• Iberian peninsula
•
a n
Balkan states
•
r
Italian peninsula

m prepared by Imran Bashir PMS

 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Scandinavian countries(5) S)
• Norway
P M
• Sweden
r (
• Denmark
h i
•
•
Finland
Iceland
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Baltics states S)
P M
(
• Latvia
• Estonia
• Lithuania
hi r
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Scandinavian + Baltic states S)
P M
r (
h i
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Alpine countries S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Balkan states S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Italian peninsula S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 East European countries S)
P M
r (
h i
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Benelux or low countries(3) S)
P M
• Belgium
r (
• Netherland
h i
country)
a s
• Luxembourger(richest

B
• Polder drainage: The

n
area is reclaimed by

a
sea by making

m r
groynes.

prepared by Imran Bashir PMS

 British isles S)
P M
(
1-England
2-Scotland
3-Wales
hi r
a
• These three are also called
s
B
great Britain.

n
4-Northern tip of Ireland.

r a
m prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S
Russian Federation in Europe(30 %) )
P M
r (
h i
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Africa(black continent, Muslim
S)
•
continent)
The planet's 2nd largest continent

P M
• Second most-populous continent (after Asia)

r (
• Includes (54) individual countries

hi
•

s
South Sudan is the continent's newest country.

a
B
• It also contains the Nile river system, the world's longest, and the massive
Sahara desert, the world's largest.

n
• Africa is surrounded by the Mediterranean sea to the north, both the Suez

a
canal and the red sea along the Sinai peninsula to the northeast, the

r
Indian ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic ocean to the west.

m prepared by Imran Bashir PMS

 Physical Africa S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Suez canal S)
• It combines Mediterranean sea with red sea. It

P M
combines Asia with Africa.

r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Political Africa S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Americas S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 South America and North
S)
America(new world or discovered

P M
(
world)
• Alaska:

hi
• Exclave of America, purchased from Russia in r
a
1867 in 20 million $.
s
B
• Latin America(21 countries) is a Linguistic

n
portion and includes south America(13) and

a
central America(8).

m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS

 North America S)
P M
(
• North America, the planet’s 3rd largest

r
continent,

i
• Includes (23) countries and dozens of possessions

h
s
and territories.

a
• It contains all Caribbean and Central America

B
countries, Canada, Mexico, the United States of
America, as well as Greenland - the world’s

n
largest island.

a
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Central America
S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 CARIBBEANS S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r
 S)
What did people think about the Bermuda

M
Triangle in the past?

(P
There are many

i r
bizarre and

h
mysterious

a s situations that we

B
cannot prove or
disprove. Could

a n they be right?

m r Anything is
possible
 Perhaps UFOs are the cause S)
P M
r (
h i
a s
B
a n
m r
 Or the “monsters”? S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r
 It could be……? S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r
 S)
The contest
P M
r (
1.
hi
The introduction
2.
a s
The hypothesis
3.
B
The facts

n
4. The conclusion

ra
m
 South America S)
P M
(
• South America, the planet's 4th largest continent.

i
• Includes (12) independent countries and (3) major

h r
territories; the Falkland islands, Galapagos islands and

s
French Guiana.

a
• The continent contains the world's highest waterfall, angel
falls in Venezuela; the largest river (by volume), the

B
Amazon river the longest mountain range, the Andes and
the driest place on earth, the Atacama desert in chili.
•

a n
It includes the largest rainforest, the Amazon rainforest the

r
highest capital city, la paz, Bolivia. The highest
commercially navigable lake in the world, lake Titicaca.

m prepared by Imran Bashir PMS

 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Antarctica S)
P M
(
• Antarctica, almost 98% solid ice, was finally
considered a continent in 1840
• Capital City: none
hi r
s
• Climate: Antarctica is the coldest and windiest
a
B
spot on the planet. In fact, the lowest
temperature ever recorded on Earth was

a n
recorded in Antarctica (-129.3ºF)

m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS

 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Australia/Oceania.
S)
P M
(
• OCEANIA, the smallest continent.

hi r
Collectively it then combines all of Australia, New Zealand, Papua New
Guinea, as well as the thousands of coral atolls and volcanic islands of
the South Pacific Ocean, including the Melanesia and Polynesia groups.

a s
Oceania also includes Micronesia, a widely scattered group of islands
that run along the northern and southern edges of the Equator.

B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 World’s Largest countries:
S)
• Russian federation
P M
• Canada
r (
• USA
h i
• China

a s
World’s smallest countries:
• Vatican cityB
• Monaco
a n
m r
• Nauru
prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 Most populace countries S )
P M
(
• China
• India
• USA
h i r
a s
least populace countries:
• Vatican
B
n
• Tuvalu
a
m r
• Nauru

prepared by Imran Bashir PMS

 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S)
P M
r (
hi
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS
 S
Thanks for bearing this presentation! )
P M
r (
h i
a s
B
a n
m r prepared by Imran Bashir PMS