Worksheet 7 Memorandum: Euclidean Geometry

Grade 11 Mathematics

1. a) ̂ Radius ⊥ Tangent
̂ Radius ⊥ Tangent
̂ ̂ Both = 90°
But ̂ ̂ Given
̂ ̂

b) ̂ ̂ AB = AC (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ ̂ AB = AD (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ ̂ AD = AC (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ ̂ Given
̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ (use any 3)

c) In ∆ABC and ∆ADC:

1. AC is common
2. AB = AD Radii
3. ̂ ̂ Given
∆ABC ≡ ∆ADC (S, A, S)

d) ∆ABC ≡ ∆ADC Proved above

̂ ̂

2. a) ̂ ̂ tan-chord theorem
̂ ̂ AG = AC (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ ̂ Both equal to ̂

b) In ∆ABD and ∆ADC

1. AB = AC Radii
2. BD = DC tangents from same point equal
3. AD is common
∆ABD ≡ ∆ACD (S,S,S)
 c) In ∆ABF and ∆AFC
1. AB = AC Radii
2. AF is common
3. ̂ ̂ ∆ABD ≡ ∆ ADC
∆ABD ≡ ∆ACD (S, A, S)
̂ ̂ AB = AF (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ ̂ AF = AC (radii), isosceles ∆
But ̂ ̂ Proved above - ∆ABD ≡ ∆ACD
̂ ̂ Both equal to ̂

d) ̂ ̂ tan-chord theorem OR ext ∠s of a ∆

But ̂ ̂ AG = AC (radii), isosceles ∆ and
̂ ̂

e) ̂ tan ⊥ radius

3. a) ̂ ̂ tan-chord theorem
̂ ̂ ∠ at centre = 2∠ at circumference

b) ̂ ̂ AC = AB (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ proven in question a above.
̂ ̂ ̂ Sum of angles in triangle = 180°
̂
̂
̂

c) ̂ ̂ ̂
̂ ̂
̂

d) ̂ Proved in question c above.

line through centre of circle that makes 90° = diameter

4. a) ̂ ̂ ∠s in same seg
̂ ̂ AD = AE (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ ̂ Both equal to ̂
 b) AE = AD radii
DC = EC tangents from same point equal
̂ radius ⊥ tangent
̂ radius ⊥ tangent

In ∆AEF and ∆AFD

1. AD = AE radii
2. AF is common
3. ̂ ̂ AD = AE, isosceles ∆
∆AEF ≡ ∆AFD
AF ⊥ DE DF = FE (proven, ∆AEF ≡ ∆AFD), line from centre to
midpoint ⊥
Diagonals bisect at 90°
AECD is a square

c) ̂ ̂ Both equal to ̂
GH ∥ ED Alt ∠s are equal

d) ̂ AECD is a square – proved question b above.

AH = AD radii
AG = AE radii
Diagonals bisect at 90° and GHED is a square.

e) In ∆CEF and ∆CDF

1. EC = DC tangents from same point equal
2. FC is common
3. DF = FE ∆AEF ≡ ∆AFD (proven in question b)
∆CEF ≡ ∆CDF

5. a) ̂ ̂ ∠s in same seg

b) AG ⊥ DE GD = GE (given), line from centre to midpoint ⊥

̂
AF ⊥ CB CF = FB (given), line from centre to midpoint ⊥
̂
̂ ̂ Both equal to 90°
CEFG is a cyclic quad ∠s in alt segments =
 c) ̂ ̂ Both equal to 90°
EB ∥ AC Alt ∠s equal

d) ̂ ̂ EB ∥ AC, alt ∠
̂ ̂ Both equal to ̂

e) ̂ ̂ AB = AE (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ proved above
But ̂ ̂ Both equal to ̂ (∠s in alt segments – proved above)
And ̂ ̂ Proved above
̂ ̂
̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂
̂ ̂ ̂
̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂
̂
̂

f) ̂ ̂ ̂
̂ sum of ∠s in a ∆ = 180
̂ ̂ ∠s in alt segments
̂ ̂ AE = AD (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ ̂ ̂ Proved above
̂

And ̂ ̂ AC = AD (radii), isosceles ∆

̂
̂ sum of ∠s in a ∆ = 180
̂ ̂ ̂ ∠s on a straight line
̂
̂

6. a) ̂ ̂ radius ⊥ tangent
̂ ̂ ̂ radius ⊥ tangent
̂ ∠ at centre = twice ∠ at circumference (BD is a
straight line)
b) 2 methods:
1: ̂ ∠ at centre = twice ∠ at circumference
2: ̂ ̂ AF = AD (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ ̂ ̂ Ext ∠ of a ∆
̂ ̂ ̂ ̂

c) In ∆AFC and ∆ACE

1. AF = AE radii
2. AC is common
3. EC = CF ⊥ from centre bisects chord
∆AFC ≡ ∆AEC (S, S, S)

d) In ∆AHC and ∆ACG

1. AG = AH radii
2. ̂ ̂ ∆AFC ≡ ∆ACE
3. AC is common
In ∆AHC ≡ ∆AGC (S, A, S)

e) ̂ ̂ tan chord theorem

f) ̂ ̂ AC = AH (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ ̂ AB = AF (radii), isosceles ∆
̂ ̂ ̂ sum of ∠s in ∆ = 180
̂ ̂ ̂
̂ ̂

And ̂ ̂ ̂ sum of ∠s in ∆ = 180

̂ ̂
̂ ̂ both ̂
̂ ̂
BF ∥ CH corresponding ∠s equal