AP CALCULUS AB Scoring Guide

UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

1. A music group expects to sell a new compact disc (CD) at the rate CDs per week,
where t denotes the number of weeks since the CD was first released. To the nearest thousand, how many CDs are
expected to be sold during the first 12 weeks after the release?
(A) 5,000
(B) 11,000
(C) 57,000
(D) 127,000
(E) 240,000

2. A home uses fuel oil at the rate gallons per day, where t is the number of days from
the beginning of the heating season. To the nearest gallon, what is the total amount of fuel oil used from t = 0 to t =
60 days?
(A) 7 gal
(B) 14 gal
(C) 600 gal
(D) 821 gal
(E) 1004 gal

3. Water is pumped into a tank at a rate of gallons per minute, where t is the number of
minutes since the pump was turned on. If the tank contained 800 gallons of water when the pump was turned on,
how much water, to the nearest gallon, is in the tank after 20 minutes?
(A) 380 gallons
(B) 420 gallons
(C) 829 gallons
(D) 1220 gallons
(E) 1376 gallons

4. During a rainfall, the depth of water in a rain gauge increases at a rate modeled by ,
where t is the time in hours since the start of the rainfall and is measured in centimeters per hour. How much
did the depth of water in the rain gauge increase from to hours?
(A) 1.233 cm
(B) 1.466 cm
(C) 1.966 cm
(D) 5.401 cm

5. Insects destroyed a crop at the rate of tons per day, where time t is measured in days. To the nearest
ton, how many tons did the insects destroy during the time interval ?

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A) 125
(B) 100
(C) 88
(D) 50
(E) 12

6. A pizza, heated to a temperature of 350 degrees Fahrenheit (oF) is taken out of an oven and placed in a (75oF)
room at time t = 0 minutes. The temperature of the pizza is changing at a rate of -110e-0.4t degrees Fahrenheit per
minute. To the nearest degree, what is the temperature of the pizza at time t = 5 minutes?

(A) 112oF
(B) 119oF
(C) 147oF
(D) 238oF
(E) 335oF

7. The rate at which motor oil is leaking from an automobile is modeled by the function L defined by L(t) = 1 +
sin(t2) for time t ≥ 0. L(t) is measured in liters per hour, and t is measured in hours. How much oil leaks out of the
automobile during the first half hour?
(A) 1.998 liters
(B) 1.247 liters
(C) 0.969 liters
(D) 0.541 liters
(E) 0.531 liters

8. To help restore a beach, sand is being added to the beach at a rate of s(t) = 65 + 24 sin(0.3t) tons per hour, where t is
measured in hours since 5:00 A.M. How many tons of sand are added to the beach over the 3-hour period from 7:00
A.M. to 10:00 A.M.?

(A) 255.368
(B) 225.271
(C) 85.123
(D) 10.388

9. Snow is falling at a rate of r(t)=2e-0.1t inches per hour, where t is the time in hours since the beginning of the
snowfall. Which of the following expressions gives the amount of snow, in inches, that falls from time t = 0 to time
t = 5 hours?

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A) 2e-0.5 - 2
(B) 0.2 - 0.2e-0.5
(C) 4 - 4e-0.5
(D) 20 - 20e-0.5

10.

Oil is leaking from a tanker at the rate of R(t) = 2,000e-0.2t gallons per hour, where t is measured in hours. How
much oil leaks out of the tanker from time t = 0 to t = 10 ?
(A) 54 gallons
(B) 271 gallons
(C) 865 gallons
(D) 8,647 gallons
(E) 14,778 gallons

11. Let R be the region enclosed by the graph of , the x-axis, and the lines x=−2/3 and x=2/3.
The closest integer approximation of the area of R is
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
(E) 4

12. What is the area of the region between the graphs of y=x2 and y=-x from x=0 to x=2?
(A)
(B)
(C) 4
(D)

(E)

13. The area of the region between the graph of and the x-axis from x = 1 to x = 2 is
(A) 36
(B) 23
(C) 20
(D) 17
(E) 9

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

14. The area of the region enclosed by the graphs of and y=x is

(A) 1/6
(B) 1/3
(C) 1/2
(D) 5/6
(E) 1

15. What is the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of and ?
(A)
(B)
(C)

(D) 9
(E) 36

16.

Which of the following represents the area of the shaded region in the figure above?

(A)

(B) dx

(C)
(D)
(E)

17. The area of the region in the first quadrant that is enclosed by the graphs of and is

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A) 1/4
(B) 1/2
(C) 3/4
(D) 1
(E) 65/4

18. What is the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of and ?
(A) 1.707
(B) 2.829
(C) 5.389
(D) 8.886
(E) 21.447

19.

The shaded region in the figure above is bounded by the graph of and the lines x = -7, x = 7,
and y = 2. What is the area of this region?
(A) 6.372
(B) 7.628
(C) 20.372
(D) 21.634
(E) 24.923

20. The area of the region enclosed by the curve y=1/x−1 the x-axis, and the lines x=3 and x=4 is
(A) 5/36
(B)
(C) ln 4/3

(D) ln 3/2

(E) ln 6

21. The area of the region enclosed by the graph of y=x2+1 and the line y=5 is

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A) 14/3
(B) 16/3
(C) 28/3
(D) 32/3
(E) 8π

22. If and the area under the curve y=cos x from x=k to is 0.1, then k=
(A) 1.471
(B) 1.414
(C) 1.277
(D) 1.120
(E) 0.436

23. The region bounded by the x-axis and the part of the graph of y = cos x between x = −π/2 and x = π/2 is separated
into two regions by the line x = k. If the area of the region for -π/2 ≤ x ≤ k is three times the area of the region for
k ≤ x , then k =
(A) arcsin(1/4)
(B) arcsin(1/3)
(C) π/6
(D) π/4
(E) π/3

24.

What is the area enclosed by the curves y = x3 − 8x2 + 18x − 5 and y = x + 5?

(A) 10.667
(B) 11.833
(C) 14.583
(D) 21.333
(E) 32

25. The area of the region enclosed by the graphs of y=x and is

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A)
(B) 1

(C)

(D) 2
(E)

26.

The area of the shaded region in the figure above is represented by which of the following integrals?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

27. If 0 < c < 1, what is the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of y = 0, y = 1/x , x = c and x = 1?
(A) ln (1-c)
(B) ln (1/c)
(C) ln c
(D) (1/c2)-1
(E) 1-(1/c2)

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

28. What is the total area of the regions between the curves y = 6x2 − 18x and y = −6x from x = 1 to x=3?
(A) 4
(B) 12
(C) 16
(D) 20

29.

The graphs of the function g and the line are shown in the figure above. The graphs intersect at the points
, , and . Which of the following expressions give the area enclosed by the graphs?

(A) only
(B) only
(C) and only

(D) and only

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

30. At time t = 0 minutes, a tank contains 48 gallons of water. For 0 ≤ t ≤ 4 minutes, water flows into the tank at a
rate of gallons per minute, and water leaks out of the tank at a rate of gallons
per minute. How many gallons of water are in the tank at time t = 4 minutes?
(A) 13.251
(B) 82.749
(C) 87.482
(D) 135.482

31. What is the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the graphs of and ?
(A) 0.208
(B) 0.210
(C) 0.266
(D) 0.660
(E) 0.835

32. What is the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of and the line

(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

33. A region in the plane is bounded by the graph of y = 1/x , the x-axis, the line x = m, and the line x = 2m, m > 0. The
area of this region

(A) is independent of m.
(B) increases as m increases.
(C) decreases as m increases.
(D) decreases as m increases when m < 1/2 ; increases as m increases when m > 1/2.
(E) increases as m increases when m < 1/2 ; decreases as m increases when m >1/2.

34. What is the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of , , and ?

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A) 0.239
(B) 0.506
(C) 0.745
(D) 2.340
(E) 3.472

35. The area of the region bounded by the curve y = e2x, the x-axis, the y-axis, and the line x = 2 is equal to
(A) e4/2−e
(B) e4/2−1
(C) e4/2−1/2
(D) 2e4-e
(E) 2e4-2

36. The graphs of five functions are shown below. Which function has a nonzero average value over the closed interval
?

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

37. The rate at which water is sprayed on a field of vegetables is given by , where t is in
minutes and R(t) is in gallons per minute. During the time interval , what is the average rate of water
flow, in gallons per minute?
(A) 8.458
(B) 13.395
(C) 14.691
(D) 18.916
(E) 35.833

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

38. If the average value of the function f over the closed interval is 3 and if for all x in ,
what is the area of the region enclosed by the graph of , the lines and , and the x-
axis?
(A) 12
(B) 6
(C) 3
(D)

39. If f(x) = (x + 2) sin , what is the average value of f on the closed interval [0, 6]?

(A) 2.220
(B) 3.348
(C) 4.757
(D) 20.090
(E) 28.541

40. Let f be the function defined by .What is the average value of f on the interval [4, 6] ?
(A) -1/24
(B) 5/24
(C) (1/2) ln (3/2)
(D) ln (3/2)
(E) (1/2) ln 2

41. The average value of 1/x on the closed interval [1,3] is

(A) 12
(B) 23
(C) ln2/2
(D) ln3/2
(E) ln3

42. What is the average value of on the interval [0,2] ?

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)
(E) 24

43. The average value of on the closed interval [0,2] is

(A) 26/9
(B) 13/3
(C) 26/3
(D) 13
(E) 26

44. What is the average (mean) value of 3t3 - t2 over the interval − 1 ≤ t ≤ 2 ?

(A) 11/4
(B) 7/2
(C) 8
(D) 33/4
(E) 16

45.
If the average value of a continuous function f on the interval [−2, 4 ] is 12, what is dx?

(A)
(B) 3
(C) 9
(D) 72

46. What is the average value of y for the part of the curve , which is the first quadrant?
(A) −6
(B) −2

(C)

(D)
(E)

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

47.
Let f be a continuous function for all real numbers. Let g be the function defined by . If the

average rate of change of g on the interval is 6, which of the following statements must be true?

(A) The average value of f on the interval is 6.

(B) g'(2) = 6
(C)

(D)

48.
If the average value of a continuous function f on the interval [−2, 4 ] is 12, what is ?

(A)
(B) 3
(C) 9
(D) 72

49. For time the height h of an object suspended from a spring is given by . What is
the average height of the object from to
(A) 16
(B)
(C)

(D)

(E)

50. What is the average value of on the closed interval ?

(A) −0.085
(B) 0.090
(C) 0.183
(D) 0.244
(E) 0.732

51. What is the average value of on the interval ?

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A) -0.637
(B) 0.500
(C) 0.763
(D) 1.198
(E) 1.882

52. The average (mean) value of over the interval is

(A)
(B)

(C)
(D) 1
(E)

53. What is the average value of on the closed interval [1.25, 2]?

(A) 0.116
(B) 0.232
(C) 0.310
(D) 0.326

54.

The table above gives the level of a person’s cholesterol at different times during a 10-week treatment period. What
is the average level over this 10-week period obtained by using a trapezoidal approximation with the subintervals
[0, 2], [2, 6], and [6, 10] ?
(A) 188
(B) 193
(C) 195
(D) 198

55. The temperature F, in degrees Fahrenheit ( F), of a cup of coffee t minutes after it is poured is given by
. To the nearest degree, what is the average temperature of the coffee between t = 0 and
t = 10 minutes?

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(A) 93 F
(B) 119 F
(C) 146 F

(D) 149 F

(E) 154 F

56. The velocity of a particle moving along the x-axis is given by for time t > 0. What is the average
velocity of the particle from time t = 1 to time t = 3 ?
(A) -4
(B) -3

(C)

(D)

57. The velocity, in ft/sec, of a particle moving along the x-axis is given by the function v(t) = et + tet. What is the
average velocity of the particle from time t = 0 to time t = 3 ?

(A) 20.086 ft/sec

(B) 26.447 ft/sec
(C) 32.809 ft/sec
(D) 40.671 ft/sec
(E) 79.342 ft/sec

58. On a certain day, the temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, in a small town t hours after midnight is
modeled by the function . What is the average temperature in the town between 3
A.M. and 6 A.M. , in degrees Fahrenheit?
(A) 57.609
(B) 57.797
(C) 58.172
(D) 59.907

59.
If f is continuous on the interval [a,b], then there exists c such that a<c<b and

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(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

(E)

60.

The graph of the function h is shown in the figure above. Of the following, which has the greatest value?
(A) Average value of h over
(B) Average rate of change of h over [-3, 2]

(C)

(D)

(E) h'(0)

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

61.

A particle moves along the x-axis so that its acceleration is given by the graph above for all values of t where
. At time the velocity of the particle is . Which of the following statements must be true?
(A) The particle passes through for some t between and .

(B) The velocity of the particle is 0 for some t between and .

(C) The velocity of the particle is negative for all values of t between and .
(D) The velocity of the particle is positive for all values of t between and .
(E) The velocity of the particle is less than for all values of t between and .

62.

Let S be the region enclosed by the graphs of y = 2x and y = 2x2 for . What is the volume of the solid
generated when S is revolved about the line y = 3?

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A) dx

(B) dx

(C) dx

(D) dy

(E) dy

63.

Over the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 5, a particle moves along the x-axis. The graph of the particle’s velocity, v, is shown
above. Over the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 5, the particle’s displacement is 3 and the particle travels a total distance of

13. What is the value of

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A) -10
(B) -5
(C) 5
(D) 10

64.

Over the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 5, a particle moves along the x-axis. The graph of the particle’s velocity, v, is shown
above. Over the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 5, the particle’s displacement is 3 and the particle travels a total distance of

13. What is the value of ?

(A) -10
(B) -5
(C) 5
(D) 10

65. A particle travels in a straight line with a constant acceleration of 3 meters per second per second. If the velocity of
the particle is 10 meters per second at time 2 seconds, how far does the particle travel during the time interval when
its velocity increases from 4 meters per second to 10 meters per second?

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(A) 20 m

(B) 14 m

(C) 7 m
(D) 6 m
(E) 3 m

66. At t = 0 a particle starts at rest and moves along a line in such a way that at time t its acceleration is 24t2 feet per
second per second. Through how many feet does the particle move during the first 2 seconds?

(A) 32
(B) 48
(C) 64
(D) 96
(E) 192

67. A particle travels along the x-axis so that at time its velocity is given by . What is the
total distance the particle travels from t = 0 to t = 3?
(A) 1
(B) 6
(C) 20/3
(D) 22/3
(E) 8

68. A particle with velocity at any time given by moves in a straight line. How far does the particle move
from to ?

(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

69. An object moves along a straight line so that at any time t ≥ 0 its velocity is given by v(t) = 2cos(3t). What is the
distance traveled by the object from t = 0 to the first time that it stops?

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A) 0
(B)

(C)

(D)
(E)

70.

The figure above shows the graph of y = 5x – x2 and the graph of the line y = 2x. What is the area of the shaded
region?
(A)

(B)

(C) 9
(D)
(E)

71. What is the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of and ?
(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)
(E)

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

72.

The regions A, B, and C in the figure above are bounded by the graph of the function and the x-axis. The area of
region A is 14, the area of region B is 16, and the area of region C is 50. What is the average value of on the
interval ?

(A) 6
(B) 10
(C)
(D)
(E) 48

73.

If the function f given by f (x) = x3 has an average value of 9 on the closed interval [0, k], then k =
(A) 3
(B)
(C)
(D)

(E)

74. A particle moves along the x-axis. The velocity of the particle at time t is given by . If the position
of the particle is when , what is the position of the particle when ?

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UNIT 8 ALL MCQS

(A) 0.617
(B) 0.647
(C) 1.353
(D) 5.713

75. If , then the average rate of change of y with respect to x on the closed interval [1,4] is
(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)
(E) 2

76. A particle moves along the x-axis so that at any time the acceleration of the particle is . If at t=0
the velocity of the particle is and its position is , then its position at any time t>0 is x(t)=
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

(E)

77. The number of bacteria in a container increases at the rate of R(t) bacteria per hour. If there are 1000 bacteria at time
t = 0, which of the following expressions gives the number of bacteria in the container at time t = 3 hours?
(A) R(3)
(B) 1000 + R(3)

(C)

(D) 1000+

78. A particle moves along the x-axis so that at any time t, , its acceleration is . If the
velocity of the particle at is and its position at is , then its position at time t is

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(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

79. An object moves along a straight line so that at any time t its acceleration is given by a(t) = 6t. At time t = 0, the
object’s velocity is 10 and the object’s position is 7. What is the object’s position at time t = 2 ?
(A) 22
(B) 27
(C) 28
(D) 35

80. An object moves along a straight line so that at any time t its acceleration is given by a(t) = 6t. At time t = 0, the
object’s velocity is 10 and the object’s position is 7. What is the object’s position at time t = 2 ?
(A) 22
(B) 27
(C) 28
(D) 35

81. A particle moves along the x-axis so that at time , the acceleration of the particle is . The
position of the particle is 10 when t = 0, and the position of the particle is 20 when t = 1. What is the velocity of the
particle at time t = 0?
(A) -14
(B) 0
(C) 5
(D) 6
(E) 10

82. The acceleration of a particle moving along the x-axis at time t is given by . If the velocity is 25
when t=3 and the position is 10 when t=1, then the position x(t)=
(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)
(E)

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83. If the velocity of a particle moving along the x-axis is and if at t=0 its position is 4, then at any time
t its position x(t) is

(A) t2-4t
(B) t2-4t-4
(C) t2-4t+4
(D) 2t2-4t
(E) 2t2-4t+4

84. A particle moves along the x-axis so that at any time t ≥ 0, its velocity is given by v(t) = cos(2 - t2). The position
of the particle is 3 at time t = 0. What is the position of the particle when its velocity is first equal to 0?
(A) 0.411
(B) 1.310
(C) 2.816
(D) 3.091
(E) 3.411

85. A particle moves along the x-axis so that at any time t > 0, its acceleration is given by a(t) = ln(1 + 2t). If the
velocity of the particle is 2 at time t = 1, then the velocity of the particle at time t = 2 is
(A) 0.462
(B) 1.609
(C) 2.555
(D) 2.886
(E) 3.346

86. Honey is poured through a funnel at a rate of ounces per minute, where is measured in
minutes. How many ounces of honey are poured through the funnel from time to time ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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87.

The rate at which people arrive at a theater box office is modeled by the function , where is measured in
people per minute and is measured in minutes. The graph of for is shown in the figure above.
Which of the following is closest to the number of people that arrive at the box office during the time interval
?
(A) 15
(B) 38
(C) 150
(D) 188

88. A cup of coffee is poured, and the temperature is measured to be 120 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature of the
coffee then decreases at a rate modeled by degrees Fahrenheit per minute, where is the number
of minutes since the coffee was poured. What is the temperature of the coffee, in degrees Fahrenheit, at time
minute?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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89. Water is leaking from a dam during a particular week at a rate modeled by the function given by
, where is measured in gallons per day and is the number of days since the start
of the week on Sunday. How many gallons of water leak from the dam Tuesday through Thursday, days 2 through 4
?
(A) 9.565
(B) 10.010
(C) 10.841
(D) 12.117

90.

The rate at which ants arrive at a picnic is modeled by the function , where is measured in ants per minute
and is measured in minutes. The graph of for is shown in the figure above. How many ants arrive
at the picnic during the time interval ?
(A) 8
(B) 70
(C) 120
(D) 140

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91. The base of a solid is the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of and the - and -axes.
For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the -axis is a square. What is the volume of the solid?
(A)
(B)

(C) 1

(D)

92. The base of a solid is the region in the first quadrant between the graph of and the -axis for .
For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the -axis is a quarter circle with the corresponding circle’s center
on the -axis and one radius in the -plane. What is the volume of the solid?

(A)

(B)
(C)
(D) 1

93. The base of a solid is the region in the first quadrant between the graph of and the -axis for .
For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the -axis is a semicircle. What is the volume of the solid?
(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

94. Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of , the line , and the -axis. is the
base of a solid whose cross sections perpendicular to the -axis are equilateral triangles. What is the volume of the
solid?
(A)

(B)

(C)
(D)

95. Let be a twice-differentiable function with and for all real numbers , such that
and . Which of , , and are possible values for ?
(A) only
(B) only
(C) and only
(D) and only

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96. Tara’s heart rate during a workout is modeled by the differentiable function , where is measured in beats per
minute and is measured in minutes from the start of the workout. Which of the following expressions gives Tara’s
average heart rate from to ?

(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D)

97. The furnace in a home consumes heating oil during a particular month at a rate modeled by the function given
by , where is measured in gallons per day and is the number
of days since the start of the month. How many gallons of oil does the furnace consume during the first 14 days of
the month (from to )?
(A) 10.150
(B) 13.739
(C) 17.597
(D) 25.044

98. A ceramic mug is removed from a pottery kiln once the mug reaches a temperature of 700 degrees Celsius. The
temperature of the mug then decreases at a rate given by degrees Celsius per minute, where
is the number of minutes since being removed from the kiln. What is the temperature of the mug, to the nearest
degree Celsius, at time minutes?
(A) 15
(B) 288
(C) 412
(D) 685

99. An object traveling in a straight line has position at time t.If the initial position is and the
velocity of the object is , what is the position of the object at time ?
(A) 0.431
(B) 2.154
(C) 4.512
(D) 6.512
(E) 17.408

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100. The velocity of a particle moving along the x-axis is given by at time . If the particle is at
when what is the position of the particle when ?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6

101. A particle moves along the x-axis so that at any time t≥0, its velocity is given by v(t)=sin(2t). If the position of the
particle at time is , what is the particle’s position at time ?
(A)
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 5
(E) 8

102. A particle moves along a straight line so that at time the position of the particle is given by , the velocity
is given by , and the acceleration is given by . Which of the following expressions gives the average
velocity of the particle on the interval ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)
(E)

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103.

A rectangle with one side on the x-axis has its upper vertices on the graph of y = cos x, as shown in the figure
above. What is the minimum area of the shaded region?
(A) 0.799
(B) 0.878
(C) 1.140
(D) 1.439
(E) 2.000

104. A particle moves along the x-axis. The velocity of the particle at time t is given by and the acceleration of the
particle at time t is given by . Which of the following gives the average velocity of the particle from time
to time
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

105. A function f(t) gives the rate of evaporation of water, in liters per hour, from a pond, where t is measured in hours

since 12 noon. Which of the following gives the meaning of in the context described?

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(A) The total volume of water, in liters, that evaporated from the pond during the first 10 hours after 12 noon
(B) The total volume of water, in liters, that evaporated from the pond between 4 P.M. and 10 P.M.
(C) The net change in the rate of evaporation, in liters per hour, from the pond between 4 P.M. and 10 P.M.
(D) The average rate of evaporation, in liters per hour, from the pond between 4 P.M. and 10 P.M.
The average rate of change in the rate of evaporation, in liters per hour per hour, from the pond between
(E)
4 P.M. and 10 P.M.

106. The temperature in a room at midnight is 20 degrees Celsius. Over the next 24 hours, the temperature changes at a
rate modeled by the differentiable function H, where H(t) is measured in degrees Celsius per hour and time t is

measured in hours since midnight. Which of the following is the best interpretation of ?

(A) The temperature of the room, in degrees Celsius, at 6:00 A.M.

(B) The average temperature of the room, in degrees Celsius, between midnight and 6:00 A.M.
(C) The change in the temperature of the room, in degrees Celsius, between midnight and 6:00 A.M.
(D) The rate at which the temperature in the room is changing, in degrees Celsius per hour, at 6:00 A.M.

107. What is the volume of the solid generated when the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of ,
the -axis, and the vertical line is revolved about the -axis?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

108. Let be the triangular region in the first quadrant with vertices at points , , and , where and
are positive constants. Which of the following gives the volume of the solid generated when region is revolved
about the -axis?

(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

109. What is the volume of the solid generated when the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of ,
the -axis, and the vertical line is revolved about the -axis?

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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

110.

Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the - and -axes, the horizontal line , and the graph of
, as shown in the figure above. What is the volume of the solid generated when region is revolved
about the -axis?
(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

111. Let be the triangular region in the first quadrant with vertices at points , , and , where and
are positive constants. Which of the following gives the volume of the solid generated when region is revolved
about the -axis?

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(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

112.

Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the - and -axes, the horizontal line , and the graph of
, as shown in the figure above. What is the volume of the solid generated when region is revolved about
the -axis?
(A)
(B)

(C)
(D)

113. The base of a solid is the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of and the - and -axes
for . For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the -axis is a rectangle whose height is four
times its width in the -plane. What is the volume of the solid?
(A) 0.285
(B) 3.142
(C) 4.000
(D) 4.566

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114. The base of a solid is the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of and the -axis. For the
solid, each cross section perpendicular to the -axis is a square. What is the volume of the solid?
(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)

115. The base of a solid is the region in the first quadrant between the graph of and the -axis for .
For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the -axis is a quarter circle with the corresponding circle’s center
on the -axis and one radius in the -plane. What is the volume of the solid?

(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

116. The base of a solid is the region in the first quadrant between the graph of and the -axis for .
For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the -axis is a semicircle. What is the volume of the solid?
(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

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117.

Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graphs of and , as shown in the figure
above. The region is the base of a solid. For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the -axis is a square.
What is the volume of the solid?
(A) 0.992
(B) 2.438
(C) 5.461
(D) 8.533

118. Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of , the line , and the -axis. is the
base of a solid whose cross sections perpendicular to the -axis are equilateral triangles. What is the volume of the
solid?
(A)

(B)

(C)
(D)

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119. The base of a solid is the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of and the - and
-axes for . For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the -axis is a rectangle whose height is
five times its width in the -plane. What is the volume of the solid?
(A) 1.2
(B) 15.0
(C) 20.0
(D) 30.0

120.

Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graphs of and , as shown in the figure
above. The region is the base of a solid. For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the -axis is a square.
What is the volume of the solid?
(A) 0.404
(B) 0.533
(C) 1.333
(D) 2.667

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121. A particle travels along a straight line with a velocity of meters per second. What is the
total distance, in meters, traveled by the particle during the time interval seconds?
(A) 0.835
(B) 1.850
(C) 2.055
(D) 2.261
(E) 7.025

122. A particle moves along the x-axis so that at any time t ≥ 0 its velocity is given by v(t) = ln (t + 1) - 2t + 1. The
total distance traveled by the particle from t = 0 to t = 2 is
(A) 0.667
(B) 0.704
(C) 1.540
(D) 2.667
(E) 2.901

123. A particle travels along a straight line with velocity meters per second. What is the total
distance, in meters, traveled by the particle during the time interval seconds?
(A) 0.835
(B) 1.850
(C) 2.055
(D) 2.261

124. A particle moves along the x-axis with velocity given by for time If the particle is at
position at time t = 0, what is the position of the particle at the time

(A) 13
(B) 15
(C) 16
(D) 17
(E) 25

125. A particle moves along the x-axis with velocity given by v(t)= 3t2 + 6t for time t ≥ 0 . If the particle is at position x
= 2 at time t = 0, what is the position of the particle at time t = 1?

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(A) 4
(B) 6
(C) 9
(D) 11
(E) 12

126. A particle moves along the x-axis so that at any time , its velocity is given by . If the particle
is at position at time, what is the position of the particle at time ?
(A) -10
(B) -5
(C) -3
(D) 3
(E) 17

127.

The graph above gives the velocity, in in ft/sec, of a car for where t is the time in seconds. Of the
following, which is the best estimate of the distance traveled by the car from until the car comes to a
complete stop?
(A) 21 ft
(B) 26 ft
(C) 180 ft
(D) 210 ft
(E) 260 ft

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128. For time the position of a particle traveling along a line is given by a differentiable function s. If s is
increasing for and s is decreasing for which of the following is the total distance the particle
travels for

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

129. A particle moves along the x-axis so that its velocity at any time t ≥ 0 is given by v(t) = . At t = 0, the
particle is at position x = 1. What is the total distance traveled by the particle from t = 0 to t = 4?
(A) 0.366
(B) 0.542
(C) 1.542
(D) 1.821
(E) 2.821

130. A particle moves along the x-axis. The velocity of the particle at time t is . What is the total distance
traveled by the particle from time to
(A) 3
(B) 6
(C) 9
(D) 18
(E) 27

131. A particle moves along the x-axis so that its velocity at time is given by . What is the total
distance traveled by the particle from to ?
(A) 0.214
(B) 0.320
(C) 0.600
(D) 0.927
(E) 1.600

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132. A particle moves along a line so that its acceleration for is given by . If the particle’s
velocity at is 5, what is the velocity of the particle at
(A) 0.713
(B) 1.134
(C) 6.134
(D) 6.710
(E) 11.710

133. A particle moves along a line so that its acceleration for is given by . If the particle’s
velocity at is 5, what is the velocity of the particle at ?
(A) 0.713
(B) 1.134
(C) 6.134
(D) 6.710
(E) 11.710

134. A city is built around a circular lake that has a radius of 1 mile. The population density of the city is f (r) people per
square mile, where r is the distance from the center of the lake, in miles. Which of the following expressions gives
the number of people who live within 1 mile of the lake?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

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135.

The table gives selected values of the velocity, v(t), of a particle moving along the x-axis. At time t = 0 , the particle
is at the origin. Which of the following could be the graph of the position, x(t), of the particle for 0 ≤ t ≤ 4 ?

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(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

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136. In a small town, water is being used at a rate of thousand gallons per hour,
where is measured in hours since midnight. To the nearest integer, how much water, in thousands of gallons, is
used in the town during the -hour period from A.M. ( ) to A.M. ( )?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

137. What is the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the lines and and the graphs of
and ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

ⅆ
138. If , by how much does change as changes from to ?
ⅆ

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

139. Let be the region bounded by the graph of , the vertical line , and the horizontal lines and
. Which of the following gives the area of ?

(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

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140. Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded above by the graph of and bounded below by the
graph of for . Which of the following definite integrals gives the area of region ?

I. ⅆ

II. ⅆ

III. ⅆ

(A) None
(B) I only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only

141. What is the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded on the left by the graph of and on the right by
the graph of for ?

(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

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142.

Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded above by the graph of and below by the graph of
, as shown in the figure above. What is the area of the region?
(A)
(B)

(C)
(D) 1

143. Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded above by the graph of and below by the graph of
for . Which of the following definite integrals gives the area of region ?

I. ⅆ

II. ⅆ

III. ⅆ

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(A) None
(B) I only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only

144.

Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded above by the graph of and below by the
graph of , as shown in the figure above. What is the area of the region?
(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)

145. What is the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded on the left by the graph of and on the right by
the graph of for ?

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(A)

(B)
(C) 54
(D)

146. What is the area of the region in the first quadrant that is bounded by the graph of , the horizontal line
, and the -axis?

(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)

147. Let be a continuous function defined on the closed interval , where . If the average value of

on this interval is and ⅆ , then

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

148. The average value of a function over the interval is , and the average value of over the interval
is 20. What is the average value of over the interval ?
(A) 2
(B) 7
(C)
(D) 5

149. The intensity of light at a distance meters from a source is modeled by the function given by ,
where is a positive constant. Which of the following gives the average intensity of the light between 4 meters and
6 meters from the source?
(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)

150. Let be the function given by . What is the average value of on the closed
interval ?

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(A) 0.739
(B) 0.369
(C) 0.281
(D)

151. For time , the velocity of a particle moving along the -axis is given by . The initial position of
the particle at time is . Which of the following gives the total distance the particle travels from time
to time ?

(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

152. For time , the velocity of a particle moving along the -axis is given by .
The initial position of the particle at time is . What is the displacement of the particle from time
to time ?
(A) 2.322
(B) 5.504
(C) 5.589
(D) 6.106

153. For time , the acceleration of a particle moving along the -axis is given by . At time
, the velocity of the particle is 8 and the position of the particle is 0. What is the position of the particle at time
?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

154. For time , the velocity of a particle moving along the -axis is given by . The initial
position of the particle at time is . Which of the following gives the total distance the particle travels
from time to time ?

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(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

155. ⅆ is

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) nonexistent

156. Let be the function given by . What is the average value of on the closed
interval ?
(A)
(B)
(C) 3.179
(D) 4.121

157. The average value of a function over the interval is , and the average value of over the interval
is 8. What is the average value of over the interval ?
(A)
(B) 2
(C)
(D) 14

158. The intensity of radiation at a distance meters from a source is modeled by the function given by ,
where is a positive constant. Which of the following gives the average intensity of radiation between 10 meters
and 50 meters from the source?
(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)

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159. For time , the acceleration of a particle moving along the -axis is given by . At time
, the velocity of the particle is 2 and the position of the particle is 4. What is the position of the particle at time
?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

160. For time , the velocity of a particle moving along the -axis is given by . The
initial position of the particle at time is . What is the displacement of the particle from time to
time ?
(A) 1.067
(B) 2.526
(C) 5.026
(D) 9.243

161. A referee moves along a straight path on the side of an athletic field. The velocity of the referee is given by
, where is measured in minutes and is measured in meters per minute. What
is the total distance traveled by the referee, in meters, from time to time ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

162. Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the -axis, the line , and the curve . What
is the volume of the solid formed by revolving about the -axis?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

163. Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of , the -axis, and the vertical line
. Which of the following integrals gives the volume of the solid generated by revolving about the -axis?

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(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

164. The rate of change of the altitude of a hot-air balloon is given by r(t) = t3 - 4t2 + 6 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 8. Which of the
following expressions gives the change in altitude of the balloon during the time the altitude is decreasing?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

165. For time , four particles— , , , and —move along parallel horizontal lines in the -plane. At
time , the -coordinate of the position of each particle is . The graphs of the velocity of each particle,
in meters per second, are shown below. Which is the graph of the velocity of the particle that is farthest to the right
at time ?

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(A)

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(B)

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(C)

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(D)

166. Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of , the -axis, the -axis, and the line
. Region is the base of a solid whose cross sections perpendicular to the -axis are squares. If the volume
of the solid is , what is the value of ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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167.

The figure above shows the graphs of and for . The -coordinates of
the points of intersection of the graphs between and are and , where . Which of
the following gives the sum of the areas of the shaded regions?

(A) ⅆ ⅆ ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ ⅆ ⅆ

(D) ⅆ ⅆ

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168.

The figure above shows the graph of and the line for . Which of the following
gives the sum of the areas of the shaded regions?

(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ ⅆ ⅆ

(C) ⅆ ⅆ ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

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169.

The figure above shows the graphs of and for . The -coordinates of the
points of intersection of the graphs are and , where . Which of the following gives the sum of the
areas of the shaded regions?

(A) ⅆ ⅆ ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ ⅆ ⅆ

(D) ⅆ ⅆ ⅆ

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170.

The figure above shows the graph of and the line for . Which of the following gives
the sum of the areas of the shaded regions?

(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ ⅆ ⅆ

(C) ⅆ ⅆ ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

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171.

The figure above shows the graph of and the line for . What is the sum of the
areas of the shaded regions?
(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)

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172.

Let be a continuous function that satisfies the condition ⅆ for exactly one value of ,
where . Which of the graphs above could be the graph of ?
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only

173. How many vertical asymptotes does the graph of have?

(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four

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174.

The figure above shows the graph of and the line for . Which of the following
gives the sum of the areas of the shaded regions?
(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)

175. Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of , the -axis, and the vertical line
. Which of the following gives the volume of the solid generated when region is revolved about the
vertical line ?

(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

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176. What is the volume of the solid generated when the region bounded by the graph of , the horizontal line
, and the -axis is revolved about the horizontal line ?
(A)
(B)

(C)
(D)

177. Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of , the -axis, and the vertical line
. Which of the following gives the volume of the solid generated when region is revolved about the vertical line
?

(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

178. What is the volume of the solid generated when the region bounded by the graph of , the vertical line
, and the horizontal line is revolved about the horizontal line ?

(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

179. What is the volume of the solid generated when the region bounded by the graph of , the horizontal line
, and the -axis is revolved about the horizontal line ?
(A)
(B)

(C)
(D)

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180. What is the volume of the solid generated when the region bounded by the graph of , the vertical line
, and the horizontal line is revolved about the horizontal line ?

(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

181.

A bug begins to crawl up a vertical wire at time t = 0. The velocity v of the bug at time t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 8, is given by the
function whose graph is shown above.

What is the total distance the bug traveled from t = 0 to t = 8

(A) 14
(B) 13
(C) 11
(D) 8
(E) 6

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182.

Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graphs of and . What is the
volume of the solid generated when region is revolved around the vertical line ?
(A) 0.308
(B) 0.953
(C) 0.976
(D) 2.836

183. Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded below by the graph of and above by the graph of
. Which of the following gives the volume of the solid generated when region is revolved about the
vertical line ?

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(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

184.

Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graphs of and , as shown in
the figure above. What is the volume of the solid generated when region is revolved around the vertical line
?
(A) 0.010
(B) 0.145
(C) 0.148
(D) 0.431

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185.

Let be the region bounded above by the graph of and below by the graph of , for
, as shaded in the figure above. What is the volume of the solid generated when region is revolved
about the horizontal line ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

186. What is the volume of the solid generated when the circular region bounded by the graph of is
revolved around the horizontal line ? (It is known that ⅆ .)

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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187. A spherical tank contains 81.637 gallons of water at time t = 0 minutes. For the next 6 minutes, water flows out
of the tank at the rate of gallons per minute. How many gallons of water are in the tank at the end
of the 6 minutes?

(A) 36.606
(B) 45.031
(C) 68.858
(D) 77.355
(E) 126.668

188. Let be the region in the first quadrant bounded above by the graph of and below by the graph of
. Which of the following gives the volume of the solid generated when region is revolved about the
vertical line ?

(A) ⅆ

(B) ⅆ

(C) ⅆ

(D) ⅆ

189.

A particle moves along a straight line for 6 seconds so that its velocity, in centimeters per second, is modeled by the
graph shown. During the time interval , what is the total distance the particle travels?

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(A) 2 cm
(B) 3.5 cm
(C) 4 cm
(D) 6.5 cm
(E) 8.5 cm

190. The velocity of a particle moving along the x-axis is given by for . What is the
total distance traveled by the particle between t = 0 and t = 2?
(A) -3.637
(B) -1.973
(C) 1.531
(D) 2.539
(E) 3.637

191. A cup of tea is cooling in a room that has a constant temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit . If the initial
temperature of the tea, at time minutes, is and the temperature of the tea changes at the rate
degrees Fahrenheit per minute, what is the temperature, to the nearest degree, of the tea
after 4 minutes?

(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

192. At time years, a forest preserve has a population of 1500 deer. If the rate of growth of the population is
modeled by deer per year, what is the population at time ?
(A) 3987
(B) 5487
(C) 8641
(D) 10,141
(E) 12,628

193. At time years, a forest preserve has a population of 1500 deer. If the rate of growth of the population is
modeled by deer per year, what is the population at time ?

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(A) 3987
(B) 5487
(C) 8641
(D) 10,141
(E) 12,628

194. The acceleration α of a body moving in a straight line is given in terms of time t byα=8−6t. If the velocity of the
body is 25 at t = 1 and if s(t) is the distance of the body from the origin at time t, what is s(4) - s(2) ?
(A) 20
(B) 24
(C) 28
(D) 32
(E) 42

195.

Let R be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graphs of y = 4 cos and y = (x-2)2, as shown in
the figure above. The region R is the base of a solid. For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the x-axis is
an isosceles right triangle with a leg in region R. What is the volume of the solid?

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(A) 1.775
(B) 3.549
(C) 4.800
(D) 5.575

196.

Let R be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graphs of , as

shown in the figure above. The region R is the base of a solid. For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the
x-axis is an isosceles right triangle with a leg in region R. What is the volume of the solid?

(A) 1.775
(B) 3.549
(C) 4.800
(D) 5.575

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197.

The base of a solid is the region enclosed by the curve shown in the figure above. For the solid, each
cross section perpendicular to the x-axis is a semicircle. What is the volume of the solid?
(A) 12.356
(B) 15.732
(C) 22.249
(D) 24.712
(E) 49.425

198. The base of a solid is the region bounded by the x-axis and the graph of . For the solid, each cross
section perpendicular to the x-axis is a square. What is the volume of the solid?
(A)

(B)

(C) 2
(D)
(E)

199. The base of a solid is the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the parabola , the line , and the
x-axis. Each plane section of the solid perpendicular to the x-axis is a square. The volume of the solid is

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(A) 4π/3
(B) 16π/5
(C) 4/3
(D) 16/5
(E) 64/5

200.

The base of a solid is a region in the first quadrant bounded by the x-axis, the y-axis, and the line x+2y=8, as
shown in the figure above. If cross sections of the solid perpendicular to the x-axis are semicircles, what is the
volume of the solid?
(A) 12.566
(B) 14.661
(C) 16.755
(D) 67.021
(E) 134.041

201. The region bounded by the graph of y = 2x - x2 and the x-axis is the base of a solid. For this solid, each cross
section perpendicular to the x-axis is an equilateral triangle. What is the volume of the solid?
(A) 1.333
(B) 1.067
(C) 0.577
(D) 0.462
(E) 0.267

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202.

The base of a loudspeaker is determined by the two curves and for as shown in the figure
above. For this loudspeaker, the cross sections perpendicular to the x-axis are squares. What is the volume of the
loudspeaker, in cubic units?
(A) 2.046
(B) 4.092
(C) 4.200
(D) 8.184
(E) 25.711

203. The base of a solid is the region in the first quadrant bounded by the y-axis, the graph of y = tan-1 x, the
horizontal line y = 3 and the vertical line x = 1. For this solid, each cross section perpendicular to the x-axis is a
square. What is the volume of the solid?
(A) 2.561
(B) 6.612
(C) 8.046
(D) 8.755
(E) 20.773

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204.

The base of a solid is the region bounded by a portion of the graph of and the x-axis, as shown in the
figure above. For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the x-axis is a rectangle of height 3. Which of the
following expressions gives the volume of the solid?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

205. Let R be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the y-axis, the x-axis, the graph of , and the line
x=3. The region R is the base of a solid. For the solid, each cross section perpendicular to the x-axis is a square.
What is the volume of the solid?

(A) 0.886
(B) 0.906
(C) 1.078
(D) 1.245
(E) 2.784

206. Let R be the region in the first quadrant bounded above by the graph of , for . R is
the base of a solid for which each cross section perpendicular to the x-axis is a square. What is the volume of the
solid?

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(A) 0.442
(B) 1.029
(C) 1.296
(D) 3.233
(E) 4.071

207. The region enclosed by the graphs of y = x2 and y = 2x is the base of a solid. For the solid, each cross section
perpendicular to the y-axis is a rectangle whose height is 3 times its base in the xy-plane. Which of the following
expressions gives the volume of the solid?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

208. Let R be the region in the first quadrant bounded below by the graph of and above by the graph of
. R is the base of a solid whose cross sections perpendicular to the x-axis are squares. What is the volume
of the solid?

(A) 0.129
(B) 0.300
(C) 0.333
(D) 0.700
(E) 1.271

209. The region R in the first quadrant is enclosed by the lines x=0 and y=5 and the graph of . The volume
of the solid generated when R is revolved about the y-axis is
(A) 6π
(B) 8π
(C) 34π/3
(D) 16π
(E) 544π/15

210. The region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of y=sec x, , and the axes is rotated about the x-axis.
What is the volume of the solid generated?

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(A)
(B) -1
(C)
(D) 2
(E)

211. The region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of , and the axes is rotated about the
x-axis. What is the volume of the solid generated?

(A)
(B) -1

(C)

(D) 2
(E)

212. A vase has the shape obtained by revolving the curve from to about the x-axis,
where x and y are measured in inches. What is the volume, in cubic inches, of the vase?
(A) 10.716
(B) 25.501
(C) 33.666
(D) 71.113
(E) 80.115

213. What is the volume of the solid generated by rotating about the x-axis the region enclosed by the curve y=sec x and
the lines x=0, y=0, and ?

(A)
(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

214. What is the volume of the solid generated when the region bounded by the graph of and the lines
and is revolved about the y-axis?

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(A) 3.464
(B) 4.500
(C) 7.854
(D) 10.883
(E) 14.137

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