Sequence 4: "MEANING" IN GENERAL AND SPECIFIC CONTEXTS

Content of lecture

Sequence 4 tackles the very complex notion of meaning, how it is constructed

and understood. Collins dictionary defines it as: “The meaning of a word,
expression, or gesture is the thing or idea that it refers to or represents and which
can be explained using other words.”

4.1. Introduction
The concept of "meaning" is a fundamental aspect of language and communication.
Whether analysed in a specialist context or examined in general English language use, it plays
a pivotal role in shaping our understanding and interpretation of the world. This essay
explores the multifaceted nature of "meaning" in both specialist and general English contexts,
shedding light on its significance and relevance.

4.2. The notion of "Meaning" in General English Contexts

In everyday language and general English contexts, "meaning" is the essence of
communication. When we speak, we aim to convey meaning; when we listen, we strive to
comprehend it. It is not confined to words alone; non-verbal communication, such as gestures
and facial expressions, also conveys meaning (Knapp & Hall, 2014). When reading a book,
the "meaning" of the text is the message or information communicated by the author.
Understanding this meaning requires an interpretation of the author's words and intentions.
In conversations, the "meaning" of what is said goes beyond words; it includes tone,
context, and the relationship between speakers. Misunderstandings can arise when there is a
mismatch in the interpretation of meaning (Schegloff, 1997).
"Meaning" is a concept that transcends linguistic boundaries, encompassing both
specialised definitions in various fields and the everyday sense of interpretation and
understanding in general English. While specialists meticulously analyse and define meaning
within their domains, the general populace relies on meaning to navigate the complexities of
everyday communication. Understanding the multifaceted nature of "meaning" enriches our
appreciation of language, communication, and the dynamic interplay between technical
precision and everyday interpretation.

4.3. The technical dimensions of "Meaning" in ESP Contexts

In specialist or technical fields, "meaning" assumes a more precise and context-
specific definition. In linguistics, for instance, "meaning" relates to the interpretation or
significance conveyed by words, phrases, or symbols. This concept is studied through various
linguistic theories, such as semantics and pragmatics (Chierchia & McConnell-Ginet, 2000).
Researchers delve into the intricacies of how language conveys meaning through the analysis
of word definitions, sense relations, and the structure of sentences.
Mathematics is another field where "meaning" takes on a specialized interpretation.
Here, it is related to the significance or interpretation of mathematical equations, symbols, or
theorems. Mathematical notation carries specific meanings, and mathematical statements are
considered meaningful based on their logical coherence and adherence to mathematical
principles (Stewart, 2015).
In computer science, "meaning" pertains to the semantics of programming code and
data. It is essential for ensuring the correct functioning of software and systems. The field of
formal semantics in programming languages is dedicated to precisely defining the meaning
of code constructs (Nielson, Nielson, & Hankin, 2015).

4.4. Business English

Business English (also commercial English, economics English) is a specialized form
of English used in the context of business, commerce, and professional environments.
Specific linguistic, communicative, and cultural features that make it distinct from every day
or general English characterize it. Business English is said to be characterised by several
features. Business English typically maintains a formal tone, avoiding overly casual or
colloquial language. Polite and respectful language is emphasized, particularly in written
communication. Besides, it includes a specialized vocabulary related to business, industry,
finance, management, marketing, economics, and other professional domains. Business
jargon and acronyms are common, and they are understood and used within the professional
context. More, communication in business English aims for clarity and precision in
conveying ideas, instructions, and information. Sentences and expressions are often
structured in a straightforward manner to avoid ambiguity or misunderstanding.
As far as grammar is concerned, business English adheres to standard grammar rules and
sentence structure, following a clear subject-verb-object arrangement. Proper punctuation,
use of tenses, and correct grammar are essential for effective communication.
Communication in business English is goal-oriented and intended to achieve specific
objectives, whether it is persuading, informing, negotiating, or instructing. Messages are
designed to elicit a response, make decisions, close deals, or convey important information.
In the writing-speaking debate, strong writing skills are crucial in business English,
including proficiency in composing formal emails, reports, memos, proposals, and other
business documents. Emphasis is placed on clear, concise, and coherent writing. One must
also acknowledge the idea that business English often involves communication across
cultures, so an awareness of cultural differences and their impact on communication is
important. Sensitivity to cultural norms, etiquette, and non-verbal communication is
necessary for effective intercultural communication. In the speaking side, business English
requires the ability to negotiate, persuade, and influence stakeholders, clients, or colleagues.
Skills in negotiation tactics, argumentation, and persuasive language are essential for
successful business interactions. One should not forget that business English usage can vary
based on the context, audience, and purpose of communication. Professionals need to adapt
their language and communication style accordingly. Besides, one must not lose sight of
Technology Integration. Indeed, proficiency in using digital communication tools, software,
and business-related technology is a characteristic of modern business English. Familiarity
with email etiquette, virtual meetings, and online collaboration platforms is essential.

References
Chierchia, G., & McConnell-Ginet, S. (2000). Meaning and grammar: An introduction to semantics. MIT Press.
Knapp, M. L., & Hall, J. A. (2014). Nonverbal communication in human interaction. Cengage Learning.
Nielson, F., Nielson, H. R., & Hankin, C. (2015). Principles of Program Analysis. Springer.
Schegloff, E. A. (1997). Whose text? Whose context? Discourse & Society, 8(2), 165-187.
Stewart, I. (2015). Concepts of modern mathematics. Courier Corporation.
The Notion of "Meaning" in Language and Communication. Websource.