PARALLEL

WHAT COMES TO YOUR

MIND WHEN YOU HEAR
THE WORD PARALLEL?
 GRAMMAR 8

USING
PARALLEL
STRUCTURES
Teacher Lovely jazmin lajola
CONTENT STANDARDS
The students demonstrate understanding of parallel
structures and cohesive devices in presenting
information
PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS
The students transfer learning by composing
informative speech based on specific topic of interest
keeping in mind the proper and effective use of
parallel structures and cohesive devices
At the end of the lesson, you are expected
to:
• Determine parallel structure in
LEARNING
presenting information OBJECTIVE
• Create sentences using parallel S
structures
• Reflect on the importance of parallel
structure in presenting information
 PARALLEL STRUCTURE
Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to
show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.
The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of
coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or."
 WORDS OR PHRASES:
• With the -ing form (gerund) of words

• With infinitive phrases

ACTIVITY 1
“ODD ONE OUT,
ADD ONE OUT!”
Grammar 8
 INSTRUCTIONS
• The teacher will show several sentence.
• The students will evaluate the sentences and
find the odd one.
• Every recitation gets 2 green flags, ever
misbehavior gets 5 red flags.

ARE WE CRYSTAL?
• Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
• The production manager was asked to write his
report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed manner.
• The coach told the players that they should get a lot
of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and to
do some warm-up exercises before the game.
• Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
• The production manager was asked to write his
report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed manner.
• The coach told the players that they should get a lot
of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and to
do some warm-up exercises before the game.
ACTIVITY 2
“JUDGE ME!”

Grammar 8
 IS THE STRUCTURE OF
IDEAS OF THESE SET OF
SENTENCES,
BALANCED?
1. The people fear them, eat them, and worship them.
2. Good roads wind through the park and in few hours, one can
see a mother lion feeding her cubs, a pair of tigers making love,
a giraffe peacefully eating the leaves of a tall tree, and elephants
stalking along.
3. The salesman expected that he would present his product at
the meeting, that he would have time to show his slide
presentation, and that questions would be asked by prospective
buyers.
TIPS IN CHECKING
FOR PARALLELISM
1.Use words of similar forms consistently. Do not mix them
2.Make sure that all items in a list follow the same form
3.Maintain the structure used for parallelism. A parallel
structure that begins with clauses must keep on clauses or a
pattern that started with the active voice must not change to
passive voice in the end, etc.
VIDEO
Your Catchy Description Here
 ACTIVITY A
Directions: Make a sentence out of the following
pairs of words or phrases.
Write your answers on a 1/2 crosswise of paper.
Example: laughed and cried
Possible Answer: She laughed at her jokes and cried
at her misfortunes.
1. cooked and cleaned
2. cleaning, cooking, and washing
3. studying but playing
4. to study, to work, and to marry
5. not only sings but also plays
 ACTIVITY B
Directions: Read the following sentences. Then, decide
whether or not it contains an error in parallel structure. If
the sentence has No Error write NE, if the sentence has an
Error, write E then underline the word or phrase that ruins
the sentence.
 ACTIVITY B
Example:
a. The children sweep the floor, wash the dishes, and water
the plants every morning before they answer their modules.
NE (No Error)
b. After answering their modules, Sheila likes watching
Tiktok videos while Diego likes to play mobile legends. E
(Error)
_____1. The house is not only warm but also cozy.
_____2. She met with her friends and talked to them.
_____3. Her mother noticed not only her lack of enthusiasm
but also her lack of self-confidence.
_____4. Do you like milk, tea, or coffee?
_____5. A lot for students has raised their questions and a lot
of concerns.
_____6. My grandmother is a great cook. She can either
make you delectable dessert or a sumptuous meal.
_____7. At the farm, my grandfather raises a lot of animals
like chickens, cows, pigs, and several ducks.
_____8. For our class we bought several school supplies
including pen, fastener, stapler and a lot of paper.
_____9. During summer vacation we not only visited the
farm but also the pond.
_____10. Her garden is full of blooming flowers and
colorful butterflies.
ACTIVITY 1
“TWO-LAY
(A MESSAGE)!”
Grammar 8
 INSTRUCTIONS
• The teacher will show several pictures.
• Then, the teacher will ask questions.
• Every recitation gets 2 green flags, ever
misbehavior gets 5 red flags.

ARE WE CRYSTAL?
 PROCESSING QUESTIONS:
• Are bridges important?
• What is the main purpose of having a bridge?
• What do you think will happen if there are no bridges?
• In English grammar what do you call to words that
function like a bridge?
 GRAMMAR 8

USING
APPROPRIATE
COHESIVE
DEVICES
Teacher Lovely jazmin lajola
At the end of the lesson, you are
expected to:
• identify different cohesive devices in
presenting information
• use appropriate cohesive devices in
LEARNING
expressing relationships between OBJECTIVES
sentences
• value the significance of using
appropriate cohesive devices in
presenting ideas
ACTIVITY 2
“WARM UP!”

Grammar 8
 COHESION
Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical linking
within a text or sentence that holds a text together
and gives it meaning.
 COHESIVE DEVICES
Cohesive Devices are like bridges between parts of your paper
that show the relationship between paragraphs or section of
text or speech. It helps you carry over a thought from one
sentence idea or paragraph to another with words or phrases.
DIFFERENT USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES
2. TO INDICATE AGREEMENT, ADDITION, OR SIMILARITY
Examples:
• My uncle will visit us next week and stay with us for
sometime
• Apart from English, Prerna also speaks Spanish.
• He got a car as well as a motorbike.
• Ravi said he had not discussed the matter with Vinnie.
Furthermore, he had not even contacted her.
• I studied journalism in college. In addition, I did a
part-time job at a newspaper agency.
DIFFERENT USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES
1. TO INDICATE AGREEMENT, ADDITION, OR
SIMILARITY
Examples: In addition
Additionally
• My uncle will visit us next week and stay with us for Further
sometime Furthermore
• Apart from English, Prerna also speaks Spanish. Also
Again
• He got a car as well as a motorbike. Moreover
• Ravi said he had not discussed the matter with More
Vinnie. Furthermore, he had not even contacted her. Besides
As well as
• I studied journalism in college. In addition, I did a Along with
part-time job at a newspaper agency.
DIFFERENT USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES
2. TO INDICATE AN EFFECT, RESULT, OR CONSEQUENCE
Examples:
• She couldn’t sleep because of the noise outside her
window.
• He worked hard. Therefore he got the promotion.
• She didn’t wake up early. Consequently, she was late
to work.
• These show-pieces are antique and, hence quite
expensive.
• Many local citizens died as a result of a bomb blast.
DIFFERENT USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES
2. TO INDICATE AN EFFECT, RESULT, OR CONSEQUENCE
Examples: accordingly
consequently
• She couldn’t sleep because of the noise outside her henceforth
window. thereupon
• He worked hard. Therefore he got the promotion. as a result
for this reason
• She didn’t wake up early. Consequently, she was late in that case
to work. thus
• These show-pieces are antique and, hence quite because
forthwith
expensive. therefore
• Many local citizens died as a result of a bomb blast. hence
DIFFERENT USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES
3. TO INDICATE CONTRADICTION, OPPOSITION, OR
Examples:
LIMITATION
• The winter is very wet here; in contrast, the summer
is very dry.
• Regardless of age, anybody is entitled to his opinion.
• Although he's very smart, he cannot pass his English
class.
DIFFERENT USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES
3. TO INDICATE CONTRADICTION, OPPOSITION, OR
Examples: be that as it may
LIMITATION in contrast
• The winter is very wet here; in contrast, the summer on the other hand
is very dry. (and) yet
• Regardless of age, anybody is entitled to his opinion. besides
in reality
• Although he's very smart, he cannot pass his English or
class. but
in spite of
otherwise
DIFFERENT USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES
4. TO INDICATE CONCLUSION, SUMMARY, OR RESTATEMENT
Examples:
• To summarise, this is the ideal approach to a common
problem.
• In conclusion, I would like to say how much I
enjoyed myself.
• To sum up, you must exercise regularly for a healthy
life.
• On the whole, I would like to thank you for your
patience.
DIFFERENT USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES
4. TO INDICATE CONCLUSION, SUMMARY, OR RESTATEMENT
Examples: be that as it may
in contrast
• To summarise, this is the ideal approach to a common on the other hand
problem. (and) yet
• In conclusion, I would like to say how much I besides
in reality
enjoyed myself. or
• To sum up, you must exercise regularly for a healthy but
life. in spite of
otherwise
• On the whole, I would like to thank you for your
patience.
DIFFERENT USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES
5. TO INDICATE TIME, CHRONOLOGY, OR SEQUENCE
Examples:
• Our dean has two remarkable traits. First, he
never made decisions without examining
alternatives. Second, he is on friendly terms with
his entire faculty.
DIFFERENT USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES
5. TO INDICATE TIME, CHRONOLOGY, OR SEQUENCE
Examples: during
in the first place
• Our dean has two remarkable traits. First, he prior to
never made decisions without examining whenever
finally
alternatives. Second, he is on friendly terms with in time
his entire faculty. shortly
whenever
first,
second
instantly
since
DIFFERENT USE OF COHESIVE DEVICES
6. TO INDICATE SPACE, LOCATION, OR PLACE
Examples: across
beneath
• k in front of
on this side
adjacent to
beside
in the background
opposite to
alongside
between
QUIZ
Directions: Complete the sentence by filling in with
the correct cohesive device. Choose your answer
inside the box and write it on your notebook.

And but finally as a result as a consequence

likewise furthermore on the other hand in the
same way
And but finally as a result as a consequence likewise
furthermore on the other hand in the same way
1. 1.He forgot to set his alarm, _____________ he was late for school.
2. They have seen the movie twice, _________ now they want to see it again.
3.Ryan studied hard for the exam, ___________ , he earned a high rating.
4. The students should be on time. ______________ , they must be prepared.
5. Alexandria got a rating of 98 on her essay, ______________ Karen got a rating of 75.
6.Tina hates cleaning the house. __________________ she doesn’t mind cooking.
7.Calculus was hard for me in senior high school.____________, it is hard in in college.
8.First, she went to the grocery store. Second, she placed many tasty snacks in her basket.
_______________, she paid for her items.
9.Rock climbing takes much practice and skill.______________ , learning to write involves a
great amount of practice.
10.Jesse is watching the elephant show. ___________ , his sister, is touring the Nong Nooch
tropical garden.
QUIZ
Directions: Construct your own sentence/s using the transitional device indicated.
Write your answer on your notebook.

1.Immediately (to signal relation in time)

__________________________________________________________
2. Similarly (to signal similarity)
__________________________________________________________
3. On the contrary (to signal difference)
__________________________________________________________
4. For this reason (to signal consequences/result)
__________________________________________________________
5.In addition (to add information)
__________________________________________________________
 THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!
Don't hesitate to ask any questions!
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