21ST CENTURY

LITERATURE
Reminders before we start.
 ACTIVITY 1

"WHO ARE YOU?

 PROCESSING QUESTIONS:
• What region in the Philippines do you
belong?
• Can you name some of the famous writers
in your region?
• Have you read any literary piece of other
regions?
• What is/are the title of the piece/s?Who
wrote the said piece/s?
CONTENT
STANDARDS
The learners understand and appreciate the elements and
contexts of 21st century Philippine literature from the
regions.
PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS
The students are able to write a close analysis and
critical interpretation of a literary text in terms of the
form and theme, with a description of its context
derived from research.
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson , the students should be able to:
• Recognize the contribution of each region to Philippine
literature
• Present evidences of "Manila centrism" and its repercussions
on the regional literature
• Value the contributions of local writers to the development
of Regional Literary traditions
ESSENTIAL QUESTION/S
• What is to be gained from shifting our focus away
from centers of power or influence (like big cities) and
toward peripheries (like regions, provinces, and small
towns)?
THE REGIONAL APPROACH
TO READING PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
“MANILA-CENTRISM”
"Let us remember that Metro Manila is not the Philippines,
and the Philippines is not Metro Manila. We should not
always build in Manila. Other provinces and regions
should share in the resources such as Clark, Zamboanga
Peninsula, Caraga, Central Visayas, etc." ("Metro Manila
Gets Fatter, 2014) -Senator Alan Peter Cayetano
 ACTIVITY
List all the evidences of "Manila-centrism".
What are disadvantages of "Manila-centrism" in
the field of literature?
GENERALIZATION
• What is Manila-centrism and how does it
affect the literature of the regions?
• As a student, why is it important to give
appreciation to your region's literature?
• As a student, why is it important to give
appreciation to your region's literature?
21ST CENTURY
LITERATURE &
REGIONAL
LITERATURE
 R E G I O N A L L I T E R AT U R E

• focuses on characters, dialect, customs, topography, and other features particular

to a specific region.
• follows traditional writing
• Separates from other form of writing (Dialect, folktales, and folklore, music, and
beliefs, epics)
• The following are the common subjects tackled in the literary outputs of the regional
literature:
1. Love
2. War
3. Heroes
 2 1 S T C E N T U RY
L I T E R AT U R E
• current themes and issues
• often breaks traditional writing
• reflects a technological culture (IM and blog format books, digi-fiction, doodle, creative
non-fiction, manga, and graphic novels, among others are emerging.)
• The following are the common subjects tackled in the literary outputs of the 21st century:
1. Identity
2. History and Memory
3. Technology
4. Intertextuality
 ACTIVITY
21st century REGIONAL
L I T E R AT U R E L I T E R AT U R E
ACTIVITY

Read Butch Dalisay’s essay

“Building the National
(2010).
CRITERIA FOR THE ORDER OF
NATIONAL ARTISTS
1. Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination,
as well as those who died after the establishment of the award in 1972
but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death;
2. Artists who, through the content and form of their works, have
contributed in building a Filipino sense of nationhood;
3. Artists who have pioneered in a mode of creative expression or
style, thus earning distinction and making an impact on succeeding
generations of artists;
4. Artists who have created a substantial and significant body of
work and/or consistently displayed excellence in the practice of
their art form thus enriching artistic expression or style; and
5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through:
 prestigious national and/or international recognition, such
as the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining, CCP Thirteen Artists
Award and NCCA Alab ng Haraya;
 critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works;
 respect and esteem from peers.
 ACTIVITY
On a whole sheet of paper, create an inclusive
criteria for the national artist award. List as many as
you can.

at the back of the paper, answer the question:

 Why is it important to establish a fair and unbiased
qualification standards in choosing the national artist?
 ANSWER THE FF
• Why is itQUESTIONS:
important to establisha fair
and unbiased qualification standards in
choosing the national artist?
AN OVERVIEW OF
PHILIPPINE
LITERARY
HISTORY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson , the students should be able to:
• Identify the relationship of ideology and literature
• Create a list of other genres in literature
• Value Philippine literature and its genres evolved in
relation to our historical experience
 ESSENTIAL QUESTION/S
• How can a significant historic events hape literary genre?
• In what way is literature not just a reflection of history but
a symbolic representation of human experience- that is, in
what way does it not only passively mirror history but
actively shape how we live in?
ACTIVITY 1
 PROCESSING QUESTIONS:
• What have you observed on the
images shown? What do these
literature have in common?
• Why do you think these books
became controversial?
• If you were to write a book,
what would it be about?
 IDEOLOGY
AND
NATIONALIS
 IDEOLOGY
• Ideology pertains to “forms of
consciousness”.
• “An imaginary relationship to our real
conditions of existence” ; ideology
constitutes our “lived experience” of
historical reality or the way we make sense
of our world.
• Nationalism is an ideology which holds that the
nATIONALISM
state and the nation should be unified.
• It thrives through the use of such elements as
national folklore, symbols, heroes, sports, music,
religion, and the idea that there is a national
identity or character.
GENRES
BEFORE
What is Genre?
• Genre is the organization of literature into
categories based on the type of writing the
piece exemplifies through its content, form,
or style.
• Genres are ways of imagining and
responding reality and ideologies.
Realism
Literary realism is a literary movement that represents
reality by portraying mundane, everyday experiences as
they are in real life. It depicts familiar people, places, and
stories, primarily about the middle and lower classes of
society. Seeks to tell a story as truthfully.
• Urbana and Felisa
• Noli Me Tangere
• El Filibusterismo
• Poon
• Dekada ‘70
• Mga Ibong Mandaragit
• Spoliarium
Fantasy
Fantasy features magical and supernatural elements that
do not exist in the real world. Many create entirely
imaginary universes with their own physical laws and
logic and populations of imaginary races and creatures.
Speculative in nature, fantasy is not tied to reality or
scientific fact.
QUESTIONS
• In what way, realism is different from fantasy? Explain.
• How can a significant historic events (movement) shape/give birth to
literary genres?
• In what way is literature not just a reflection of history but a symbolic
representation of human experience - that is, in what way does it not only a
passively mirror history but actively shape how we live it?
• As gen. Alpha, what are your ways to represent or address a particular
societal issue?
What is 21st Century literature?
• New literary works developed in the recent
decade are referred to as 21st Century Literature.
These are authored by modern authors and deal
with current topics/issues while reflecting a
technology society.
• Often breaks traditional writing.
Who are the 21st Century reader?
• grew up using technology as primary learning
tool
• is capable of navigating and interpreting digital
formats and media masses
• possesses literacy skills which include
technological abilities such as keyboarding,
and internet navigation.
THE 21ST
CENTURY
GENRES
 Several genres as products of
historical moment:
1. Poetry - often relies heavily on figurative language such as
metaphors and similes in order to convey meanings and create
images for the reader.

• Epic:ong-verse narratives retelling the heroic journey of an

individual or a group of individuals.
• Narrative: tells a story through poetic techniques, such as rhyme,
rhythm, similes, and metaphors.
• Lyric: are short, highly musical verses that express powerful
emotions.
• Dramatic: written in verse for public recitation or performance.
 Several genres as products of
historical moment:
2. Fiction - uses figurative language to create stories of completely
untrue events, characters, and settings to stimulate the imaginations of
the readers.
• Mystery: One of the main characters in a mystery is typically a
detective or a private investigator who solves the mystery with the
reader.
• Historical fiction : uses real-life events to support its plots and key
details. Engages readers by retelling a historical event in creative
ways that alter minor details.
• Fantasy: Mythology and ancient folklore are some sources of
inspiration for fantasy novels. Fantasy novels usually depict
imaginary settings, beings, and universes that are nonexistent in the
real world.
Several genres as products of
historical moment:
• Romance: Love stories are the dominant theme of romance novels.
• Science fiction: There are several themes that are characteristic of
science fiction, including space exploration, futuristic species, and time
travel.
• Dystopian: A dystopian story envisions a world that's in a state of
cataclysmic decline. A dystopian fiction can depict societies with
perpetual wars, social and economic class divisions, mass poverty,
environmental destruction, anarchy, and loss of individuality.
• Horror: The primary goal of horror fiction is to shock and frighten
readers.
• Fable: use inanimate objects or animals as protagonists who act like
humans to resolve conflict in a manner that demonstrates character
development.
• Mythology: includes themes such as gods, goddesses, and cultural
phenomena.
Several genres as products of historical
moment:
3. Nonfiction - inform or inspire the audience by using actual events,
people, places, or facts.
• Autobiography: An autobiography is a personal narrative of one's
life.
• Biography: A biography is an account of a person's life, written by
someone else. Many biographies feature notable individuals, such as
celebrities, athletes, business leaders, and politicians.
• Essay: An essay is a short piece of writing in which the author
elaborates on an idea or topic after conducting thorough research.
• Memoir: a narrative, written from the perspective of the author,
about an important part of their life. it primarily focuses on facts –
the who-what-when-where-why-how of their life’s entire timeline.
Several genres as products of historical
moment:
4. Dramas - representations of fiction that involve dialogue and
performance. It may occur on stage in front of a live audience or through
radio, film, and television.
• Tragedy: Tragedies focus on hardships that can cause emotional
distress to the protagonists of the story.
• Comedy: A comedy is a type of drama with a humorous tone that
depicts amusing events in which the characters ultimately prevail.
• Musical dramas : tell a story through music and include direct
expressions of themes through song.
• Melodrama: Melodramas are pieces of dramatic literature that depict
serious stories. A melodrama may contain heroes, heroines, villains,
and mentors with flaws who overcome their limitations to achieve
success.
Several genres as products of historical
moment:
4. Dramas - representations of fiction that involve dialogue and
performance. It may occur on stage in front of a live audience or through
radio, film, and television.
• Tragedy: Tragedies focus on hardships that can cause emotional
distress to the protagonists of the story.
• Comedy: A comedy is a type of drama with a humorous tone that
depicts amusing events in which the characters ultimately prevail.
• Musical dramas : tell a story through music and include direct
expressions of themes through song.
• Melodrama: Melodramas are pieces of dramatic literature that depict
serious stories. A melodrama may contain heroes, heroines, villains,
and mentors with flaws who overcome their limitations to achieve
success.
1. Illustrated Novels - 50% of the narrative presented without words.
It is presented in a traditional form, and may contain no text at all.
2. Digi-Fiction - A literary genre that combines three media: book,
movie/video, and internet website.
3. Graphic Novel - This genre contains excerpts of serialized
narratives. It uses a comic book format. Furthermore, This is read from
left to right unlike the manga
 4. Manga - The Japanese word for comics and considered as an
artistic and flowy storytelling style.
5. Doodle Fiction - The author incorporates doodle writings and
drawings, and handwritten graphics in traditional font.
6. Text-Talk Novels - Blog, email, IM format narratives Stories are
told almost completely in dialogue simulating social network
exchanges.
7. Chic literature - typically features a female protagonist whose
womanhood is heavily thermalized in the plot.
8. Flash Fiction - It is a fictional writing form that tells a whole tale
with 500-1000 words
9. Hyper Poetry - a type of digital poetry that use links and hypertext
markup.-It can either feature fixed words, phrases, lines, and
10. Spoken Poetry - Oral art that focuses on the aesthetics of word
play and intonation and voice inflection.
 11. Picto-poem - a type of shape poem, where the entire poem must
be printed in slanting lines indicative of the thought in those lines.