VISION IAS

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TEST BOOKLET

CSAT APTITUDE TEST– (4295) – 2024

C
Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 200

INSTRUCTIONS

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the Box provided alongside. DO NOT write anything else on
the Test Booklet.

4. This Test Booklet contains 80 items (Questions). Each item is printed in English. Each item comprises four
responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel
that there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider most appropriate. In any
case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.

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responses marked by you in the answer sheet. For every incorrect response one-third of the allotted Marks will
be deducted.

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fill in some particulars in the answer sheets as per the instruction sent to you with your Admission Certificate.

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should hand over to Invigilator only the answer sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the Test Booklet.

9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

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1. Point P lies between A and B, such that the Directions for the following 4 (four) items:

length of BP is four times that of AP. Car 1 starts Read the following three passages and answer the items

from A and moves towards B. Simultaneously, that follow each passage. Your answers to these items

Car 2 starts from B and moves towards A. Car 2 should be based on the passages only.

reaches P two hours after Car 1 had already Passage – 1

reached P. If the speed of Car 2 is 80% that of Habits serve as the silent architects of a streamlined and

efficient life, making the complex tasks of daily living

Car 1, then the time taken by Car 1 to reach P
more manageable. Once ingrained, habits automate
from A is:
decision-making, eliminating the cognitive load
(a) 40 minutes
associated with routine choices. By providing structure
(b) 24 minutes
and predictability, habits instil a sense of control and
(c) 30 minutes
stability, reducing stress and fostering a conducive
(d) 32 minutes
environment for productivity. Whether it's the automatic

sequence of a morning routine or the disciplined

2. In an office of 340 employees, 85 are graduate.
approach to work, habits contribute to time management
Find the probability of selecting an employee
and overall well-being. The simplicity they bring to tasks
who is not a graduate.
allows individuals to conserve mental energy for more
(a) 0.75
critical decision-making, ultimately enhancing the
(b) 0.80
quality of life and more organized existence.
(c) 0.78 4. Based on the above passage, the following
(d) 0.68 assumptions have been made:

1. One thing shared by successful people

3. The minute hand of a clock overtakes the hour around the world is their common habits.
hand at intervals of 64 minutes of the correct 2. All daily habits have equal impacts on the

time. How much time a day does the clock gain completion of daily tasks and routines.

or lose? Which of the above assumptions is/are invalid?

(a) 338/11 min gain (a) 1 only

(b) 338/11 min lose (b) 2 only

(c) 360/11 min gain (c) Both 1 and 2

(d) 360/11 min lose (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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5. What is the most rational inference that can be
drawn from the passage?
(a) Only small habits compound to significant
outcomes over time.
(b) Our habits define our career, so, consciously
choose those that align with your
professional goals.
(c) Quality of life is intricately woven into the
fabric of our daily habits.
(d) Shunning bad habits is more important than
fostering positive ones, to enhance the
quality of life.
Passage – 2
The Arctic Ocean, a critical component of the Earth's
climate system, is witnessing unprecedented change due
to the accelerated melting of ice. This dramatic shift
profoundly impacts polar bears, iconic symbols of the
region, as their primary habitat, sea ice, diminishes.
Melting ice forces polar bears to travel longer distances
in search of food, increasing their vulnerability.
Conservation efforts, sustainable policies, and
international cooperation are imperative to mitigate the
melting of Arctic ice, safeguard the unique ecosystem,
and ensure the survival of polar bears, emblematic
creatures of the Arctic facing an uncertain future in the
wake of climate-induced transformations.
6. Which one of the following is the most logical
and rational inference that can be made from
the above passage?
(a) In the wake of climate change, polar bears
can be shifted to other oceans for their
survival.
(b) Climate change policies for the Arctic
Ocean need to keep polar bears in focus.
(c) Reversing climate change is the only way to
protect the polar bears from extinction.
(d) The polar bear is the keystone species of the
Arctic Ocean affected by climate change.
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Passage – 3
Democracy, a cornerstone of political systems, thrives
when accompanied by political maturity among citizens.
A politically mature populace actively engages in
informed discourse, values the diversity of opinion, and
understands the nuances of governance. However,
challenges arise when political maturity falters, leading
to conflicts within democratic frameworks.
Misinformation, polarization, and intolerance can
jeopardize the democratic spirit, fuelling internal strife.
Striking a balance between individual rights and
collective responsibility becomes paramount for the
sustenance of a robust democracy. Political maturity acts
as a stabilizing force, fostering constructive dialogue and
conflict resolution, ensuring that democratic ideals
withstand internal tensions and external pressures, and
allowing nations to navigate challenges.
7. Which one of the following is best implied by
the passage?
(a) Political maturity plays a vital role in
deciding the strength of a democratic nation.
(b) A mature democracy consists of a
biologically mature population.
(c) Democracy is ‘for the people,’ so, individual
rights are more important than collective
responsibility.
(d) Democracy is not only about dialogue and
diversity, but also about political maturity.
8. Consider the two equations I and II given below.
I. 2a2 – 3a – 44 = 0
II. 3b2 – 20b + 25 = 0
What is the relationship between a and b?
(a) a > b
(b) a ≥ b
(c) a ≤ b
(d) Can’t be determined
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9. A carton of biscuit has 50 packets in it. Each 13. 512 identical cubes are arranged in the form of a
biscuit packet has 4 biscuit lines, with each line cubical block. How many such cubes are
containing 15 biscuits. It is also known that 5%
completely surrounded by other cubes from each
biscuits are broken in each packet. Find the total
side?
number of broken biscuits in the carton.
(a) 216
(a) 200
(b) 150 (b) 112

(c) 60 (c) 72
(d) 156 (d) 60

10. 1/5th of the sum of the ages of Geeta and Sita is

14. How many 6-digit telephone numbers can be
equal to 40% of the difference of their ages.
constructed using the digits 0 to 9, if each
What percent of the age of Sita is equal to the
number starts with 54 and no digit appears more
age of Geeta? (Assume that the age of Sita is
greater than that of Geeta) than once?

(a) 40% (a) 1892

(b) 30% (b) 1680
(c) 33.33% (c) 1440
(d) 60%
(d) 1260

11. If 1st January 2024 is Monday, then which day

15. Consider the following graph in which causes of
will it be exactly after 9999 days?
(a) Wednesday the death of children (in millions) of a country

(b) Thursday are given and answer the question that follows.
(c) Friday
(d) Saturday

12. The value of a car is depreciating by 12.5%

every year. If in 2021 its value was ₹ 5,40,000,
then what will be its value in the year 2025, i.e.
in 4 years?
(a) ₹ 756703
(b) ₹ 316538
(c) ₹ 435671
(d) ₹ 587890
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 Which one of the following statements is not 17. How is Jay related to Shan?
correct with reference to the graph given above? (a) Grandson
(a) Death of children due to lack of vaccination (b) Brother

has decreased from 1990 to 2005, while (c) Son

death of children due to diseases has (d) Father

increased from 1990 to 2005.

18. The letters of the word
(b) Total number of deaths of children due to
"ABIOGENETICALLY" are arranged
malnutrition in year 1990 is equal to the total
alphabetically in reverse order. How many
number of deaths of children due to diseases
positions of the letter/letters will remain
in 2005.
unchanged?
(c) Total number of deaths of children due to
(a) None
diseases from 1990 to 2005 is more than (b) One
total number of deaths of children due to (c) Two
malnutrition from 1990 to 2005. (d) Three
(d) The number of deaths of children has halved
from year 1990 to 2005. Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
Read the following two passages and answer the items
Directions for the following 2 (two) items: that follow each passage. Your answers to these items

Read the following information carefully and answer the should be based on the passages only.

items that follow. Passage – 1

Tejas, Shan, Vinu, Manya, Nitya, Jay, Ishan, and Laddu
are family members. Shan and Vinu are married to each
other. Vinu is the mother-in-law of Nitya, who is the
mother of Jay. Laddu is the maternal uncle of Jay, Ishan
is the brother-in-law of Laddu. Jay is the maternal
grandson of Tejas and Manya. Laddu and Jay are
unmarried. Tejas and Jay are males, while Manya is a
female.
16. Who among the following is the spouse of
Nitya?
(a) Ishan
(b) Tejas
(c) Laddu
Public opinions, shaped by social factors, influence
political decisions and policies. The advent of social
media has amplified the speed and reach of social
influence, enabling citizens to voice their concerns and
mobilize movements. Conversely, governance structures
and policies also exert influence on societal norms and
values. Effective governance requires responsiveness to
public sentiment and the ability to positively navigate
and channel social influence. Striking a balance between
governing principles and societal expectations is
essential for fostering trust and ensuring the legitimacy
of governance systems. The interplay between social
influence and governance underscores the intricate
relationship that defines contemporary political

(d) Jay landscapes.

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19. Which of the following statements best reflects
the logical inference from the passage given
above?
(a) One must have a strong social influence in
the contemporary political and governance
landscape.
(b) Governance without social influence would
be meaningless for the public.
(c) Social influence plays a pivotal role in
shaping governance dynamics.
(d) Governance and societal influence mould
each other mutually.
Passage – 2
Achieving a harmonious integration of machines into
leisure necessitates addressing the multifaceted
challenges to ensure a balanced, inclusive, and
sustainable leisure landscape for all. Automation has
streamlined aspects of leisure, yet concerns over job
displacement persist, urging a focus on reskilling.
Ethical considerations surface with data privacy issues
and the potential for screen addiction, affecting mental
well-being. Environmental sustainability also takes
centre stage, as the production and disposal of leisure-
related machines contribute to growing e-waste
concerns. Additionally, the digital divide accentuates
issues of accessibility, limiting some from enjoying the
benefits of technological leisure.
20. Based on the above passage, the following
assumptions have been made:
1. Leisure from machines is not sustainable as
it is not natural.
2. Sustained leisure from machines depends
upon the development of technology.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
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21. Which of the following statements best reflects
the crux of the passage?
(a) The use of machines and leisure activities
are two sides of the same coin.
(b) Machine-based leisure is incomplete
without addressing its challenges.
(c) Leisure mechanisms have evolved over time
impacting privacy and environment.
(d) Leisure from machines would prove to be
detrimental in future.
22. A certain brand of coffee costing Rs. ‘a’ per kg
is mixed with chicory costing Rs. ‘b’ per kg in
the ratio of 5:2. If the per kg selling price of the
mixture is kept at Rs. ‘c’ to allow the seller to
make a gain, then which of the following will
represent the profit made?
(a) 7c + 5a +2b
(b) 7c – 5a – 2b
(c) 7c – 5a + 2b
(d) None of the above
23. Study the given information carefully and
answer the question that follows.
In a literature library, there are seven books on
the table, one each of Tamil, Hindi, English,
Bengali, Punjabi, Manipuri, and Bhojpuri. These
seven books of different literature are stacked
one over the other.
(i) The Bhojpuri book is immediately below the
Manipuri book, which is immediately below
the Bengali book.
(ii) Punjabi is immediately above Tamil, but not
in the middle of the stack.
(iii) Hindi is immediately below Tamil.
(iv) Bengali is on the top of all the books.
The English book is in between which of the
following books?
(a) Bhojpuri and Punjabi
(b) Tamil and Hindi
(c) Manipuri and Tamil
(d) Tamil and Bengali
©Vision IAS
24. There are five employees: Rahul, Bijay,
Pradeep, Vivek, and Yogesh, seated in a hall.
Information regarding their seating arrangement
is given below:
(i) The distance between Rahul and Bijay is 2
less than the square of 4 (in meters).
(ii) Vivek is seated somewhere between Rahul
and Bijay. Vivek is to the east of Rahul.
(iii) The location of Pradeep is 9 meters north of
Rahul.
(iv) Yogesh is seated 5 meters north of Bijay.
(v) Vivek is seated 2 meters west of Bijay.
If Pradeep wants to give something to Vivek,
what is the minimum distance he will need to
move to reach Vivek?
(a) 7 m
(b) 17 m
(c) 13 m
(d) 15 m
25. How many motor vehicle registration number
plates can be formed for the state of West
Bengal with a code like (12W 3457), utilizing
the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (with no digits being
repeated) and containing a consonant at the
alphabetical place?
(a) 95760
(b) 116840
(c) 105840
(d) 97560
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26. A cloth merchant sells cloth by meter, say Rs. x
per meter. He marks up the price of a piece of
cloth by 45% and then gives a discount 30% on
it before selling it to the customer. Due to intense
summer, the metal scale which the merchant
uses for measurement elongates by 5%. What
must be his approximate profit/loss percentage?
(a) 3.33% profit
(b) 4.20% loss
(c) 3.33% loss
(d) 4.20% profit
Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
Read the information given below carefully and answer
the 3 (three) items that follow.
The student of five houses, - A, B, C, D and E of a school
have prepared separate invitation cards for their guests.
Students of each house have prepared three cards.
Envelopes of only three colors, red, yellow and brown
are available at the school. Five envelops of each color
are available for the students. The following information
is also known:
1. Only students of houses B, D and E wish to use the
red envelopes.
2. Only students of houses A, B and C wish to use
yellow envelopes.
3. Only students of houses C, D and E wish to use the
brown envelopes.
After insertion of the cards in the envelopes, it was found
that two envelopes of red color were used by the houses
B and D.
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27. Which of the following houses use envelopes of Directions for the following 2 (two) items:
only one color? Read the following two passages and answer the items
(a) House A
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
(b) House C
should be based on the passages only.
(c) House E
Passage – 1
(d) Cannot be determined.
Overexploitation of natural resources, deforestation, and

28. Which of the following statements is correct? pollution contribute to climate change, intensifying its
(a) Yellow envelopes were used by only two adverse effects. Scarce resources fuel conflicts as
houses. communities vie for access, heightening tensions, and
(b) Red envelopes were used by only two
jeopardizing stability. Climate-induced resource
houses.
scarcity, like water shortages and agricultural
(c) Brown envelopes were used by only two
houses. challenges, amplifies vulnerabilities, especially in

(d) Envelopes of all the colors were used by marginalized regions. Sustainable resource
more than two houses. management, renewable energy adoption, and
international cooperation are crucial to mitigate climate
29. Brown envelopes were used by which of the
change and alleviate resource-driven conflicts, fostering
following houses?
a resilient and equitable global response to the complex
(a) House A and B
(b) House B and C interplay between diminishing resources and the

(c) House C, D and E escalating climate crisis.

(d) House A, D and E. 31. Which of the following statements best reflects
the crux of the passage?
30. In a health department, the number of people
(a) The dual dilemma of climate change and
aged 31 years or above is 60 and there are 30
diminishing resources demands urgent
people whose ages are below 31 years. The
global attention and sustainable approaches.
average age of the employees working in the
health department is 26 years. What is the largest (b) Addressing climate change needs a

possible average age of the people working in multipronged approach.

the health department whose ages are below 31 (c) Diminishing resources caused by climate
years?
change has the potential to threaten human
(a) 12 years
survival.
(b) 16 years
(d) As climate change intensifies, it compounds
(c) 14 years
(d) 18 years the challenge of managing resources.
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 Passage – 2
The rapid evolution of technology has enabled the
creation and dissemination of misinformation at an
unprecedented scale. Technological ethics grapples with
the moral implications of advancements in information
dissemination, particularly in the context of the
33. Mr. David, a money lender of the city, gave a
total of Rs. 20000 to his two friends Rocky and
Romy for 5 years at simple interest. He gave
some money out of 20000 to Rocky at 10% per
annum and rest to Romy at 15% per annum. If

pervasive issue of fake news. Ethical considerations in after 5 years Mr. David received a total sum of
this realm involve questions of responsibility,
Rs. 32000, then what must have been the money
accountability, and the potential harm caused by the
he lent to Romy?
spread of false information. Fake news, often designed
to manipulate public opinion, can have profound societal (a) Rs.12000

consequences, eroding trust in information sources and (b) Rs.8000

contributing to a polarized discourse. Striking a balance (c) Rs.4000
between freedom of expression and the prevention of
(d) Rs.6000
harm is a complex challenge. Technological ethics
should guide the development and implementation of
tools and policies that promote transparency, fact- 34. Which of the following order of letters (from

checking, and responsible information sharing, fostering left to right) in the blanks makes the expression,
an ethical digital landscape that prioritizes truth and
A < B definitely false?
integrity.
____ > ____ ≥ ____ = ____< ___
32. What is the main idea that we can infer from
the passage? (a) C, B, D, A, G

(a) Ethical frameworks have explicitly (b) C, D, A, G, B

recognized and categorized the (c) B, D, G, A, C
responsibilities of technology platforms,
(d) G, D, B, C, A
content creators and consumers.
(b) Technological ethics may provide a
framework to discern fact from fiction in the 35. Choose the group which is different from the

growing digital era. others:

(c) With a robust surveillance system in place, (a) 9 ☺ 37 ☺ 5
dissemination of false information online
(b) 11 ☺ 135 ☺ 13
becomes difficult.
(c) 3 ☺ 15 ☺ 7
(d) The spread of fake news erodes trust in
reliable information sources. (d) 45 ☺ 757 ☺ 17

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36. Study the following statements and decide 37. Who among the following lives on the 3rd floor
which of the given conclusions logically
of the vowel building?
follow(s) from the given statements disregarding
commonly known facts. (a) B
1. Some Cars are not Cycle. (b) A
2. All Cycles are Truck.
(c) C
3. Only a few Trucks are Bikes.
4. Some Bikes are Buses. (d) I
Conclusions:
I. Some Cycles are Bikes.
38. How many floors are there between C and E?
II. All Buses being Cars is a possibility.
Select the correct answer using the codes given (a) Two
below. (b) None
(a) Only conclusion I follows
(c) One
(b) Both conclusions I and II follow
(c) Only conclusion II follows (d) Three
(d) Either conclusion I or II follows

39. Who lives between H and B?

Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
Study the following information carefully and answer the (a) G
questions that follow. (b) A
There are two 5-story buildings in a complex, namely O
(c) J
and P, in which 10 persons - A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J
- are living, not necessarily in the same order. The (d) I
topmost floor is marked as five, and the lowermost floor
is marked as one. Building O is to the west of building
40. A and B are two workers. B needs 20% more
P.
A and C live in the same building, and the letter of their time to finish a job than A does. Together they
building is a vowel. A lives on an odd numbered floor can finish a job in 9 days. A works alone till 30%
but below C. A and J are not in the same building.
of the job is done, then A and B work together
Similarly, I and D are not in the same building. The
building letter of I is a vowel and he lives on the fourth for two days, and thereafter B works alone to
floor. The floor number of E is an even number, and its
complete the remaining 33.33% of the job. In
building letter is a vowel. B and C are not in the same
building, and they live either on the topmost floor or on how many days can B alone finish the entire job?
the bottommost floor. G lives to the west of B in the same (a) 12 days
numbered flat, but below the flat of E. The difference
(b) 16 days
between the floor numbers of C and J is 3. J lives to the
southeast of C. H lives below F, with D living between (c) 14 days
them. (d) 18 days
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41. In a T – 20 cricket match (having 20 overs each
for each team), which is being played between
Australia and India, the initial required run rate
for India to win was 10.5. If the run rate at the
end of 14th over is 11.5, then the runs still
required by India to win the match must be
(a) 57
(b) 39
(c) 49
(d) 51
42. 10% of Himanshu’s gross monthly salary is
deducted for NPS and 10% for TDS. The rest is
given to him as in-hand salary. Himanshu spends
25% of his in-hand salary on fooding and
lodging, 20% of the remaining on education and
transportation, and 10% of the remaining on
entertainment. If after all the transactions he is
left with ₹ 15600, then which of the following
must be right?
(a) His gross monthly salary is Rs. 36518.
(b) The remaining amount left after all the
transactions is approximately 35% of his
total gross monthly salary.
(c) His monthly contribution towards NPS is
Rs. 3,611.
(d) He spends Rs. 1773 on entertainment per
month.
43. Three traders Sandeep, Pawan and Raghav deal
in laptops. Sandeep sold a laptop to a customer
after offering a 25% discount. Pawan sold a
laptop of the same model after applying two
successive discounts of 20% and 10%,
respectively. Raghav sold a laptop of the same
model after giving a 56% discount. If the marked
prices of the three merchants - Sandeep, Pawan,
and Raghav - were in the ratio of 2:3:4, find the
descending order of their selling prices.
(a) Sandeep > Pawan > Raghav
(b) Raghav > Pawan > Sandeep
(c) Pawan > Sandeep > Raghav
(d) Pawan > Raghav > Sandeep
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44. In a 3-digit number, assume that a is at hundred's
place, b is at ten's place, c is at unit's place and
none of them is zero or nine. How many 3-digit
positive integers with digits a, b and c exist, such
that a < b and c < b?
(a) 168
(b) 224
(c) 216
(d) 140
45. Sandeep got married on the last date of the
February month of the year 1896. If he lived
upto 1963, then how many times did he celebrate
his marriage anniversary?
(a) 15
(b) 67
(c) 16
(d) 23
46. The following question is accompanied by three
statements 1, 2, and 3. You have to determine
which statement(s) is/are necessary to answer
the question.
Two friends travel from Delhi to Bhopal and
back again. How long will it take them to travel
bothways by a car?
1. It takes a total of 15 hours to travel from
Delhi to Bhopal by train and return by car.
2. A person can save 3 hours if he travels both
ways by train as compared to when he
chooses to travel by car while going to
Bhopal from Delhi and then return by train.
3. The distance between Delhi and Bhopal is
700 km.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below.
(a) Only 1 and 2
(b) 2 and either 1 or 3
(c) Any two of them
(d) All statements are necessary
©Vision IAS
Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
Read the following three passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
Passage – 1
In an era dominated by technology, the pursuit of a
simple life is both elusive and challenging. While
technology promises convenience, it simultaneously
introduces complexities into our daily existence. The
relentless influx of information, the rapid pace of
innovation, and the demand for constant connectivity
contribute to a more intricate and demanding lifestyle.
Striking a balance between embracing technological
advancements and seeking simplicity requires conscious
choices. Simplicity in the digital age involves mindful
tech use, fostering genuine human connections, and
prioritizing well-being over the constant pursuit of more
features. Navigating this delicate equilibrium allows
individuals to harness the benefits of technology without
succumbing to the overwhelming complexities it can
introduce in the quest for a simpler life.
47. Based on the above passage, the following
assumptions have been made:
1. Because of technology, it is not possible to
live a simple life anymore.
2. Overuse of technology can make human life
complex.
Which of the above assumptions is/are invalid?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
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Passage – 2
The election moral code of conduct in India is designed
to ensure fair, transparent, and ethical conduct during
elections, covering various aspects such as campaigning,
speeches, and general behaviour. The commitment of
political parties and candidates to adhere to ethical
standards plays a pivotal role. Instances of violations,
including hate speech, misinformation, and divisive
rhetoric, challenge the code's efficacy. The sheer scale
and complexity of Indian elections further pose
challenges to enforcement. The Election Commission,
tasked with overseeing elections, plays a crucial role in
enforcing the code, but its effectiveness depends on the
strength of its regulatory mechanisms, the timely
adjudication of complaints, and the impartiality of its
actions. Technological advancements and the changing
landscape of communication also necessitate regular
updates to the code.
48. Which of the following is/are the most rational
and logical inference/inferences that can be
made from the passage?
1. The moral code of conduct should be made
legally enforceable to increase its
effectiveness.
2. Regular violations of the moral code of
conduct reflect the declining trend of the
rule of law in political parties.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
©Vision IAS
 Passage – 3 51. N = 36 × 55 × 26 × 157. How many factors of N
Cuddling is a fundamental aspect of early bonding, are even numbers?
fostering emotional connection and a sense of security. (a) 1456
The tactile experience of physical closeness contributes
(b) 1024
to a child's social and emotional development, impacting
(c) 1020
their ability to form relationships and empathise with
others. The substitution of cuddling with mobile phones (d) 1092

may lead to a potential deficiency in essential

interpersonal skills. Excessive screen time can hinder 52. Following information is known about a six-
face-to-face communication, impairing the development digit number:
of crucial social cues and non-verbal communication i. Fourth digit of the number is the largest and
skills. This shift might contribute to a generation with
it is the sum of fifth and sixth digits.
diminished abilities to connect emotionally, understand
ii. The value of second digit is the sum of first
social nuances, and navigate complex relationships.
49. Based on the above passage, the following and third digits.
assumptions have been made: iii. The sixth digit is the units digit.
1. The busy schedule of today’s parents forces iv. Values of first and third digits are the same.
them to replace cuddling with phones. v. The fifth digit is the sum of third and second
2. Cuddling is crucial not only for emotional digits.
intelligence but also for social intelligence.
vi. Sixth digit is the sum of third and fifth digits.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
What is the ratio of the fifth and the fourth digit?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only (a) 2 : 5
(c) Both 1 and 2 (b) 3 : 7
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 7 : 3
(d) 1 : 5
50. A boy is playing in a lawn. There is an odd
number of balls placed in the lawn at intervals of
53. Nine persons have an average (arithmetic mean)
1 m in a straight line. The boy is assembling the
age of 50 years and a median age of 70 years. If
balls around the middle ball, while carrying only
one ball at a time. The boy carried out the job the oldest of the nine persons is 30 years older
starting with the ball in the middle, carrying than 3 times the age of the youngest person, what
balls in succession, thereby covering a distance is the maximum possible age of the oldest
of 364 m. What must be the number of balls in person?
the lawn?
(a) 85 Years
(a) 27
(b) 80 Years
(b) 28
(c) 95 Years
(c) 29
(d) 30 (d) 90 Years
13 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
54. There are six sections in a class, and they have 57. Consider the following sequence.
planned to visit a zoo. The number of students in * L& 1 > a % Q * Z 5 * 2 $ U E 7 O & 6 ^ 3 { 9
the sections is 160, 224, 96, 128, 192, and 64, “T ! D # 4 F 6 ^ 3
respectively. They need to be seated in buses If all the letters are dropped, which of the
with equal seating capacity. What is the following would be fifth to the right of the
minimum number of buses required, given that seventeenth element from the right end?
any given bus can have students of only one (a) 6
section? (b) >
(a) 25 (c) “
(b) 27 (d) &
(c) 32
(d) 29 58. On Diwali festival, a company decided to pay
cash bonus to its six best employees named
55. An artist needs to draw a flag with 7 colours Arya, Sharda, Himanshu, Javitri, Luvkush and
(VIBGYOR) of a rainbow, with one colour each Konika. Bonus is decided according to their
in 7 vertical strips. He can use the same colour performance during the year. Konika is not the
multiple times in the flag, but in such a manner least paid. Arya got five times the bonus of
that no two adjacent strips have the same colour. Konika, and one fourth that of Sharda.
What is the number of ways in which this can be Combined bonus of Luvkush and Konika is
done? equal to the combined bonus of Arya and
(a) 326592 Himanshu. The bonus earned by Javitri is equal
(b) 435758 to the difference in bonuses received by
(c) 3658790 Himanshu and Luvkush. Luvkush earns more
(d) 240000 than Himanshu. If Konika got Rs. 7500, then
what is the bonus received by Javitri?
56. Mona, Shubhra and Divyadharsini enter into a (a) 22500
partnership with capitals in the ratio 1/3:1/4:1/5. (b) 30000
After 3 months, Mona withdrew half of her (c) 7500
capital. If at the end of the year, the total profit (d) 15000
earned is Rs 10,000, then find the ratio of shares
of Mona, Shubhra and Divyadharsini in the 59. If 'LAPTOP' is written as 'MWYUKY', then how
profit earned. would 'BEACON' be written?
(a) 24: 25: 30 (a) JCFKWQ
(b) 7: 8: 6 (b) KDWCJA
(c) 25: 30: 24 (c) AWFGDK
(d) 6: 7: 8 (d) CAJDKW
14 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
60. The length of the longest pole that can be placed 61. Which of the following is/are the most rational
on the floor of a cuboidal room is 5 m, while the and logical inference/s that can be made from
length of the longest pole that can be fitted in any the passage?
manner in that room is 5√2 m. What is the height 1. It is not possible to overcome the long-
of the room?
lasting impacts of colonial legacy on the
(a) 3√2 m
tribal communities.
(b) 2√2 m
2. Not all tribal revolts may have been armed
(c) 4 m
uprisings against the deliberate cultural
(d) 5 m
impositions of the British rule.

Select the correct answer from the code given

Directions for the following 5 (five) items:
Read the following three passages and answer the items below.

that follow each passage. Your answers to these items (a) 1 only

should be based on the passages only. (b) 2 only

Passage – 1 (c) Both 1 and 2
Colonial rule in India significantly impacted tribal (d) Neither 1 nor 2
communities, disrupting their socio-economic structures
and traditional ways of life. The imposition of British
62. Which of the following is most definitely
land policies, revenue systems, and forest regulations
implied by the above passage?
marginalized tribals, leading to land alienation and loss
(a) Despite failure, tribals were the most
of resources. Forced labour, cultural suppression, and
formidable opposition to British rule in
economic exploitation further exacerbated their plight.
In response to colonial oppression, tribals mounted India.

various forms of resistance. Many engaged in armed (b) Pre-colonial rule did more damage to the

uprisings, such as the Santhal Rebellion and the Birsa culture of the tribal Indian society than the
Munda-led Munda Rebellion, seeking to reclaim their colonial rule.
ancestral lands and resist cultural imposition. (c) British land policies and revenue systems
Additionally, some tribes retreated into remote areas to
continue to shape the socio-economic
preserve their distinct identities. The colonial legacy has
realities of Indian society at large.
left a lasting impact on tribal communities, contributing
(d) Despite opposition by tribals, colonial rule
to issues like displacement, poverty, and cultural
devastated the tribal society to a large extent
marginalization, which continue to shape their socio-
economic realities in post-colonial India. and the hangover is still far from over.
15 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 Passage – 2 Passage – 3

Economic development often prioritized urban and The British colonial administration laid the groundwork,

industrial areas, leaving rural regions with inadequate introducing parliamentary structures that continue to

influence Indian politics. Post-independence, the

access to education, healthcare, and employment
Constituent Assembly crafted a democratic framework,
opportunities. Income inequality widened, with
establishing key political institutions such as the
marginalized groups facing discrimination and limited
Parliament, judiciary, and executive. Over the years,
access to resources. Inefficient implementation of social
India's federal structure has evolved, accommodating
policies, bureaucratic hurdles, and corruption hindered regional diversity through the establishment of State

the effective delivery of welfare programs. Rapid Legislative Assemblies. Constitutional amendments and

population growth strained existing infrastructure, electoral reforms have aimed at enhancing

amplifying challenges in healthcare and education. representation and inclusivity. The evolution of political

institutions in India is an ongoing narrative, navigating

Gender disparities persisted, hindering the full
complexities to strengthen democratic foundations and
participation of women in the workforce. Furthermore,
foster inclusive governance in a diverse and dynamic
economic growth wasn't always inclusive, leading to a
nation.
disconnect between overall prosperity and individual
64. Based on the above passage, the following
well-being.
assumptions have been made:
63. Which of the following statements best reflects 1. Parliamentary structure is the only way

the practical implication of the passage? through which British colonialism has

(a) In India, inclusive growth has not happened influenced Indian politics.

at all. 2. Indian society, today, reflects the evolution

of its political institutions.

(b) Economic growth is inherently inclusive in
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
nature.
(a) 1 only
(c) Governments must ensure that economic
(b) 2 only
growth is inclusive in nature.
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Both (a) and (c)
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
16 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
65. Which of the following statements best reflects 67. Study the following statements and decide
the crux of the passage? which of the given conclusions logically
(a) From the colonial era to the present day, follow(s) from the given statements disregarding
India's political landscape has witnessed a
commonly known facts.
dynamic metamorphosis.
Statements:
(b) The evolution of political institutions comes
1. Only a few Mobiles are Apples.
with its own set of complexities and
limitations. 2. All Apples are Zodiacs.
(c) Political parties in India have transformed to 3. Only a few Zodiacs are Fish.
accommodate coalition partners and 4. No Fish is Tomatoes.
regional demands. Conclusions:
(d) Since independence, political institutions I. Some Apples are Tomatoes.
have evolved, but not Indian politics.
II. All Mobiles can never be Fish.
III. No Tomato is Apple.
66. Two statements I and II are given below
Select the correct answer from the code given
followed by a question. You have to ascertain
whether the information given in the below.
statement(s) is sufficient to answer the question, (a) All conclusions I, II and III follow
or not. (b) Only conclusions I and III follow
Statements: (c) Only conclusion III follows
I. Ragini took leave from her office on Friday. (d) Either conclusion I or III follows
II. Ragini visited her in-laws on Monday, the
day before her visit to Goa.
68. Consider the sequence wx_ivQhw_giVqhWx_
Question:
_vqH , that follows a certain pattern.
On which day of the week did Ragini visit Goa?
Select the correct answer from the code given Which of the following completes the sequence?
below. (a) ivQh
(a) If the information given in statement I is (b) QhXw
sufficient to answer the question, whereas (c) wiVq
the information given in statement II is not (d) GXgI
sufficient to answer the question.
(b) If the information given in statement II is
69. What should come in place of (?) in the
sufficient to answer the question, whereas
following series?
the information given in statement I is not
sufficient to answer the question. 17, 23, 35, ?, 85, 127
(c) If either the information given in statement I (a) 56
or II is sufficient to answer the question. (b) 49
(d) If both the statements I and II together are (c) 53
not sufficient to answer the question. (d) 55
17 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
70. What is the number of straight lines in the 73. When Abhishek and Aishwarya got married 10
following figure? years ago, their ages were in the ratio of 5 : 4.
Today Abhishek’s age is one sixth more than
Aishwarya’s age. After marriage they had six
children, including a triplet and twins. The ages
of triplets, twins and the sixth child are in the
ratio of 3 : 2 : 1. What is the present total age of
(a) 10
the family if the youngest child is 3 years old?
(b) 12
(c) 13 (a) 83 years

(d) 17 (b) 112 years

(c) 74 years
71. In two mixtures, the ratios of water and sugar are (d) 107 years
5:1 and 1:6. 18 liters of mixture 1 and 28 liters
of mixture 2 are mixed with some pure water. A 74. Study the following information carefully and
new mixture is obtained in which the ratio of answer the question that follows.
water to sugar is 8:9. Find the total quantity of
The following table shows the percentage of
water in the new mixture.
students that attended 5 classes of different
(a) 23 litres
subjects in January 2024, and the ratio of boys
(b) 27 litres
and girls among them.
(c) 24 litres
Classes Total Students = 800 Boy : Girl
(d) 25 litres
Hindi 22% 1:3
English 14% 3:4
72. A pole of height 30 m is standing vertically on a
Bengali 16% 9:7
flat ground surface. It has been painted black up
Biology 25% 3:7
to a height of 10 m (from the ground) and the
Geography 23% 3:5
rest of the pole is painted red. If there is a point
on the ground on which both the black and the Find the difference between the total number of

red parts of the pole make equal angles, then find girls who attended classes of Bengali and

the distance of the point from the base of the Geography to that of the total number of boys
pole? who attended classes of Hindi and Biology?
(a) 10√3 m (a) 63

(b) 10√2 m (b) 72

(c) 10 m (c) 71
(d) 7.5 m (d) 67
18 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
75. Rukmani starts from a point P and travels 30 m
eastwards to Q and then turns left and travels
thrice that distance to reach R. She again turns
left and travels five times the distance she
covered between P and Q and reaches her
destination S. What is the shortest distance
between the starting point and the destination?
(a) 125 m
(b) 120 m
(c) 175 m
(d) 150 m
76. 2 men and 2 women players are to be chosen for
the mix doubles team for a tennis tournament.
The selection is to be made from two different
groups A and B. Group A consists of 3 women
players and 2 men players, while Group B
consists of 3 men players and 2 women players.
In how many maximum number of different
ways the selection can be made so that two
players are from Group A and two players are
from Group B?
(a) 40
(b) 46
(c) 52
(d) 34
Directions for the following 4 (four) items:
Read the following three passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
19 www.visionias.in
Passage – 1
The ethical hacker, or "white hat," employs the same
techniques as malicious hackers but with the goal of
identifying and fortifying security weaknesses rather
than exploiting them. This paradoxical role mirrors the
dichotomy within cybersecurity – the battle between
intrusion and defence, attack, and protection. As
technology advances, the need for ethical hacking
becomes increasingly paramount to pre-emptively
address vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.
Organizations enlist ethical hackers to conduct
penetration testing and vulnerability assessments,
ensuring that systems are robust against evolving threats.
This dichotomy is essential in maintaining the delicate
balance between innovation and security in an ever-
evolving digital landscape.
77. Which of the following is/are the most rational
and logical inference/inferences that can be
made from the passage?
1. The state must support organizations and
ethical hackers to build infrastructure for
cybersecurity, especially in this era of cross
border cyber-attacks.
2. An ethical hacker has the potential to
become a malicious hacker.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
©Vision IAS
 Passage – 2 79. Based on the above passage, the following
The paradox of morality lies in the intricate tension
assumptions have been made:
between universal principles and cultural relativity,
creating a dynamic interplay that challenges our 1. Both conscience and legal frameworks are
understanding of right and wrong. Morality often
purports to embody universal truths, grounded in ethical not reliable sources of ethical decision-
principles transcending cultural boundaries. Cultural making.
context moulds moral frameworks, giving rise to
situations where actions deemed morally acceptable in 2. Societal culture and values certainly affect
one culture may be condemned in another. Moreover, the
and dictate both conscience and legal
paradox of morality extends to the internal conflict
within individuals. Personal moral convictions may frameworks.
clash with societal norms, creating a complex internal
Which of the above assumptions is/are invalid?
struggle.
78. Which one of the following is the most logical (a) 1 only
and rational inference that can be made from
the above passage? (b) 2 only
(a) The paradox of morality pushes individuals (c) Both 1 and 2
to navigate moral dilemmas that challenge
their established beliefs. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) The paradox of morality emanates out of the
clash between universal and personal
principals with social and cultural norms. 80. What is the most rational inference that can be
(c) Morality asserts absolutes while ethical
drawn from the passage?
relativism sees shades in cultural contexts.
(d) To resolve the paradox of morality one (a) Conscience is an internal compass, while
should do a critical examination of the
laws are external guardrails of a civilized
cultural boundaries.
Passage – 3 order.
Conscience, often seen as an inner moral compass, is
subjective and influenced by personal beliefs, values, (b) The reliability of conscience and laws, rules,
and cultural context. While it can provide a sense of and regulations in ethical decision-making
individual integrity, its subjectivity raises concerns about
consistency and potential biases. Laws, rules, and is a nuanced and debated topic.
regulations, on the other hand, offer a structured
(c) Conscience and legal frameworks are
framework for ethical behaviour. They are designed to
promote fairness, justice, and societal well-being. mutually exclusive as they do not
Adherence to legal and regulatory standards may lack the
complement each other.
flexibility to address every moral dilemma and may not
always align with evolving societal values. The ongoing (d) Reliability of conscience or legal
dialogue between personal conscience and legal
frameworks is essential for navigating the complexities frameworks increases with its adaptability
of ethical decision-making in a dynamic and diverse to the moral dilemma at hand.
world.
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 VISIONIAS
www.visionias.in

ANSWERS & EXPLANATION

APTITUDE TEST–Test (4295) – 2024

1 (c)
C1 →  C2
A → 1 → P →→→→ 4 →→→→ B
Let Car C1 took “t” hours to reach at point P. Then Car C2 will take “t+2” hours to reach point P.
If AP = d km, then BP = 4d km
It is given that speed of C2 is 80% (4/5th) that of C1. So, if speed of Car C1 is d/t km/hr, then speed of Car
C2 would be 4d/5t km/hr.
So, d/(d/t) + 2 = 4d/(4d/5t)
Or t + 2 = 5t
Ot t = 2/4 = ½ hour = 30 minutes
So, option (c) is the correct answer.

2 (a)
Total employees (i.e. Sample space), n(S) = 340
Total graduate employees = 85
Now, total employees who are not graduate, n(E) = 340 – 85 = 255
So, probability of selecting an employee who is not a graduate, P(not graduate) = n(E)/n(S) = 255/340 =
0.75
Hence, option (a) is the right answer.

3 (c)
In a correct clock, the minute hand gains 55 minute spaces over the hour hand in 60 minutes.
To be together again, the minute hand must gain 60 minutes over the hour hand.
Since, 55 minutes are gained in 60 minutes.
So, 1 minute is gained in 60/55 minutes.
So, 60 minutes are gained in 60/55 × 60 = 720/11 minutes.
So, in a correct clock, the hands of a clock coincide every 720/11 minutes.
But in this case, they are together again after 64 minutes, hence the clock must be gaining time.
So, the gain in 64 minutes = 720/11 – 64 = 16/11 min.
So, the gain in 1 min. =16/(11×64) min.
∴ The gain in one day (24×60 min.) = 16/(11×64)×24×60 = 360/11 min. = 360/11 min.
So, option (c) is the correct answer.
4 (c)
Note: The question is about invalid assumptions.
Assumption 1 is incorrect: The given assumption is not correct as it is not based on the passage. The
passage does not discuss the common habits of successful people. The passage only mentions habits and
their importance in daily tasks. Furthermore, it would be incorrect to say that the successful people have
common habits. So, this assumption is not correct.
Assumption 2 is incorrect: The passage nowhere mentions that all daily habits have an equal impact on
the completion of daily tasks. The passage only covers habits and their role in daily life.

1 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

5 (c)
Option (a) is incorrect: The given option is not correct because the passage does not discuss small or big
habits. It’s just talking about habits in general.
Option (b) is incorrect: This option focuses on choosing the right career habits for achieving
professional goals. But, the passage is about the relevance of daily habits for enhancing quality of life in
general, not confined to career goals only. This answer option significantly narrows down the scope of the
passage. Hence, this is not the most rational inference.
Option (c) is correct: Consider the lines “Habits serve as the silent architects of a streamlined and
efficient life, making the complex tasks of daily living more manageable … Whether it's the automatic
sequence of a morning routine or the disciplined approach to work, habits contribute to time
management and overall well-being.” These lines show that habits improve the quality of life. Hence,
this is the most rational inference.
Option (d) is incorrect: The passage is about the significance of habits in daily life and routines.
However, the option makes a comparative analysis of shunning bad habits and fostering new ones, which
is not indicated in the passage. So, this is not the most rational inference of the passage.

6 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect: The context of polar bears being shifted to other oceans is not a part of the
passage. The passage is about climate change and its impact on polar bears. So, this option is beyond the
scope of the passage.
Option (b) is correct: The passage conveys that climate change has impacted polar bears and even
threatened their survival. So, any policy for the Arctic Ocean must keep polar bears in focus. The lines
“Conservation efforts, sustainable policies, and international cooperation are imperative to mitigate the
melting of Arctic ice, safeguard the unique ecosystem, and ensure the survival of polar bears, emblematic
creatures of the Arctic facing an uncertain future in the wake of climate-induced transformations” also
carry the same essence. So, this is the most logical inference from the passage.
Option (c) is incorrect: The passage does not mention reversing climate change as the ‘only’ way to
protect polar bears. It only mentions mitigation of climate change for the survival of polar bears in the
lines “Conservation efforts, sustainable policies, and international cooperation are imperative to mitigate
the melting of Arctic ice, safeguard the unique ecosystem, and ensure the survival of polar bears,
emblematic creatures of the Arctic facing an uncertain future in the wake of climate-induced
transformations.” Hence, this option is beyond the scope of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect: The passage is about polar bears and the impact of climate change on them. The
passage does not mention that polar bears are keystone species. Therefore, this option is not correct.

7 (a)
Option (a) is correct: The option captures the main theme of the passage, which is the role of political
maturity in strengthening democracy. It is visible in the lines “Democracy, a cornerstone of political
systems, thrives when accompanied by political maturity among citizens … Political maturity acts as a
stabilizing force, fostering constructive dialogue and conflict resolution, ensuring that democratic ideals
withstand internal tensions and external pressures, and allowing nations to navigate challenges.” These
lines reflect that political maturity plays an important role in strengthening democracy. Hence, this is the
correct and best answer.
Option (b) is incorrect: The option is not correct because it states that a mature democracy consists of a
“biologically mature population” instead of saying a “politically mature population”. The central theme of
the passage focusses upon the role of political maturity in making democracy stronger. So, this option is
not the correct answer.
Option (c) is incorrect: Refer to the lines “Striking a balance between individual rights and collective
responsibility becomes paramount for the sustenance of a robust democracy.” The author clearly talks
about balancing individual rights and collective responsibility. A democracy might become chaotic if
there is no balance between individual rights and collective responsibility. Hence, this option is not the
correct answer.
Option (d) is incorrect: The central theme of the passage is political maturity and its significance for
strengthening democracy. However, the option talks about the elements of democracy, which is neither
the main idea of the passage, nor is covered in the passage per se. Hence, this answer option is incorrect.
2 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
8 (d)
I) 2a2 – 3a – 44 = 0
Or 2a2 + 8a – 11a – 44 = 0
Or 2a (a + 4) – 11 (a + 4) = 0
Or (2a – 11) (a + 4) = 0
Or a = 11/2, -4 = 5.5, -4
II) 3b2 – 20b + 25 = 0
Or 3b2 – 15b – 5b + 25 = 0
Or 3b (b – 5) – 5 (b – 5) = 0
Or (3b – 5) (b – 5) = 0
Or b = 5/3, 5 = 1.66, 5
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

9 (b)
Total number of biscuits in a packet = 4 x 15 = 60
Total number of broken biscuits in a packet = 5% of 60 = 3
Total number of broken biscuits in the carton = 3 x 50 = 150
Hence, option (b) is the right answer.

10 (c)
Let the ages of Geeta and Sita be G and S respectively.
40% = 2/5
According to the question,
(1/5) (G + S) = (2/5) (S - G)
Or (G + S) = 2 (S - G)
Or S = 3G
∴ Required percentage = (G/S) × 100 = (G/3G) × 100 = 33.33%
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

11 (b)
Number of odd days in 9999 = Remainder [9999/7] = 3
If 1st January 2024 is Monday, then 9999 days from now will be Monday + 3, i.e. Thursday.
Hence, option (b) is correct.

12 (b)
The value of a car is depreciating by 12.5% every year.
We know that, A = P [1 – (R/100)]t
Where, A = Final amount; P = Initial amount = 540000; R = rate of depreciation = 12.5%; time, t = 4
∴ A = P (1 – 125/1000)4
Or A = 540000(7/8)4
Or A = 316538.086
So, the price of the car in the year 2025 will be Rs. 316538.
Hence, option (b) is the right answer.

13 (a)
We have to find the number of internal cubes, i.e. the number of cubes that are not exposed.
There are 512 cubes. Now, 83 = 512. So, n = 8
Number of internal cubes = (n - 2)3 = (8 - 2)3 = 63 = 216
Hence, option (a) is correct.

14 (b)
Let MNOPQR be a six-digit telephone number.
Given that the first two digits of each number are 5 and 4.
Therefore, the telephone number is 54OPQR.
As repetition is not allowed and 5 and 4 are already taken, the digits available for place O are 0, 1, 2, 3, 6,
7, 8, 9, i.e. eight possible digits.
Thereafter, the number of digits that can come at place P is 7.

3 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

 Similarly, at Q, the number of possible digits is 6.
Similarly, at R, the number of possible digits is 5.
Therefore, the number of such 6-digit telephone numbers = 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 = 1680
Hence, option (b) is the right answer.

15 (b)
On observing the graph, we can say that death of children due to lack of vaccination from 1990 to 2005
has decreased from 5 million to 1 million, and the death of children due to diseases from 1990 to 2005 has
increased from 3 million to 4.5 million. Hence, statement in option (a) is correct.
The total number of deaths of children due to malnutrition in year 1990 is 4 million, which is not equal to
the total number of deaths of children due to diseases in 2005 which is 4.5 million. Hence, statement in
option (b) is not correct.
Total number of deaths of children due to diseases from 1990 to 2005 is 15 million (i.e. 3 + 3.5 + 4 + 4.5
= 15), which is more than total number of deaths of children due to malnutrition from 1990 to 2005 which
is 9 million (i.e. 4 + 2.5 + 2 + 0.5 = 9). Hence, statement in option (c) is correct.
The number of deaths of children in year 1990 = 5 + 4 + 3 = 12 million
The number of deaths of children in year 2005 = 1 + 0.5 + 4.5 = 6 million (i.e. half of 12 million)
Hence, statement in option (d) is correct.
Hence option (b) is the right answer.

16 (a)
Family diagram:
Tejas +  Manya − Shan +  Vinu −

Laddu + Nitya −  Ishan +

Jay +
So, Ishan is the spouse of Nitya.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

17 (a)

18 (a)
The given word is ABIOGENETICALLY.
On arranging its letters alphabetically in reverse order, we get: “YTONLLIIGEECBAA”
Now, let's compare the two to identify the letters with unchanged positions.
A B I O G E N E T I C A L L Y
Y TON L L I I G EE C B AA
We find that no letter has stayed in the same position.
Hence, option (a) is correct.

19 (d)
Option (a) is incorrect: The main theme of the passage is how social influence affects governance and
vice versa, not why one must have a strong social influence.
Option (b) is incorrect: Saying that governance without social influence would be meaningless is
hypothetical. Moreover, it only covers one aspect of the passage, which is how social influence affects
governance, and misses the second aspect of governance affecting social influence. Hence, this is not the
best inference.
Option (c) is incorrect: The given option seems to be correct as it partially covers the context of the
passage. “How social influence affects governance” is covered, but it misses how governance impacts
social influence. So, this option is not the most logical inference.
4 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 Option (d) is correct: The passage covers the effect of social influence on governance and vice versa. It
can be seen in the lines “The advent of social media has amplified the speed and reach of social
influence, enabling citizens to voice their concerns and mobilize movements.” and “Effective
governance requires responsiveness to public sentiment and the ability to positively navigate and channel
social influence.” Based on these lines we can infer that governance shapes societal influence, and
societal influence also moulds the nature of governance.

20 (d)
Assumption 1 is incorrect: The passage nowhere mentions the sustainability of leisure, especially
whether or not it is natural. In fact, the passage mentions that sustained leisure can be achieved after
addressing the challenges in the integration of machines into leisure. So, this assumption is contradictory
to the information contained in the passage and hence is not correct.
Assumption 2 is incorrect: The passage does not discuss “the development of” technology per se.
Sustained leisure will depend not on technology but on addressing the challenges in the integration of
machines into leisure. So, this assumption is not correct because it is beyond the scope of the passage.

21 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect: “Two sides of the same coin”, suggests that the two aspects are inseparable or
inherently linked, much like the two sides of an actual coin that cannot exist independently. Here, in the
given passage, leisure and machines are connected, but they can exist independently as well. So, this
option does not best reflect the crux.
Option (b) is correct: The given option is correct because of the lines “Achieving a harmonious
integration of machines into leisure necessitates addressing the multifaceted challenges to ensure a
balanced, inclusive, and sustainable leisure landscape for all.” The whole passage mentions the
multifaceted challenges like “Ethical considerations surface with data privacy issues … affecting mental
well-being. Environmental sustainability … to growing e-waste concerns.” These challenges must be
addressed to fulfil machine-based leisure. So, we can say that machine-based leisure is incomplete without
addressing its challenges.
Option (c) is incorrect: The passage does not discuss the evolution of leisure. Rather, it discusses the
challenges related to the infusion of machines into leisure activities. So, this option can be ruled out as
incorrect.
Option (d) is incorrect: The passage has not touched upon the future of leisure from technology or
machines. So, to infer that the future of leisure from machines would be detrimental would not be correct,
as it is not based on any information contained in the passage. Hence, this option is not correct.

22 (b)
Let 5 kg of coffee be mixed with 2 kg of chicory.
C.P. of the mixture = Rs. (5 × a + 2 × b) = Rs. (5a + 2b)
S.P. of the mixture = (5 + 2) c = Rs. 7c
Since the seller registers a gain, therefore S.P. > C.P.
Gain/Profit = S.P. – C.P. = 7c – (5a + 2b) = Rs. (7c – 5a – 2b)
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

23 (a)
Based on the information provided in the question, we get:
S. No. Book
1. Bengali
2. Manipuri
3. Bhojpuri
4. English
5. Punjabi
6. Tamil
7. Hindi
So, option (a) is the correct answer.

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24 (d)
Distance between Rahul and Bijay is 2 less than the square of 4, i.e. 42 - 2 = 14 m
Based on the information provided in the question, we get:

The minimum distance needed to be covered by Pradeep to reach Vivek = √(12 2 + 92) = √(144 + 81) = 15
m
So, option (d) is the correct answer.

25 (c)
There are 21 consonants.
Therefore, the possible number of motor vehicle registration number plates that can be formed for the
state of West Bengal = 7 x 6 x 21 (consonants) x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 = 105840.
Hence, option (c) is the right answer.

26 (c)
Let the cost price of one meter cloth be Rs. x.
So, marked price of one meter cloth = Rs. 1.45x.
And, selling price of one meter cloth = 1.45x (70/100) = 1.015x
Now, due to the increase in the length of scale, the cost price of cloth (which the merchant thinks to be
one meter, but is actually 1.05 m) will be Rs. 1.05x.
So, loss = 1.05x – 1.015x = 0.035x
Loss percentage = (0.035x/1.05x) x 100 = 3.33%
Hence, option (c) is the right answer.
Explanation for Questions 27 to 29:
After insertion of the cards in the envelopes, it was found that two envelopes of red color were used by
the houses B and D. We can represent it as follows:
House Card 1 Card 2 Card 3
A
B Red Red
C
D Red Red
E
Now, red envelopes were chosen by the houses B, D and E. Therefore, the fifth red envelope has to be
used by house E.
Further, besides red, house B prefers yellow envelope only. So, third card of House B is inserted in yellow
envelope.
Besides red, house D prefers brown envelope. So, the third card of house D has to go in brown envelope.
Filling this information in the table we get:
House Card 1 Card 2 Card 3
A
B Red Red Yellow
C
D Red Red Brown
E Red
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 House E prefers red and brown. Therefore, the remaining 2 cards of house E have to go in brown
envelopes.
House A likes only yellow envelopes. So, all the three cards of House A will go in yellow envelopes.
House Card 1 Card 2 Card 3
A Yellow Yellow Yellow
B Red Red Yellow
C
D Red Red Brown
E Red Brown Brown
House C has to use the remaining one yellow and two brown envelopes. Hence, we get:
House Card 1 Card 2 Card 3
A Yellow Yellow Yellow
B Red Red Yellow
C Yellow Brown Brown
D Red Red Brown
E Red Brown Brown

27 (a)
As seen in the table above, House A uses all the three envelopes of the same color.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

28 (d)
As we can read from the table, envelopes of all the colors were used by exactly three houses.
So, option (d) is the correct answer.

29 (c)
From the table we can see that brown envelopes were used by houses C, D and E.
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

30 (b)
The average age of the people whose ages are below 31 years will be maximum if the average age of the
people aged 31 years and above is minimum. So, let’s assume that there are 60 people having the same
age of 31 years.
Let x be the maximum possible average age of the people whose ages are below 31 years.
So, (31×60 + 30x)/(60 + 30) = 26
Or 1860 + 30x = 26×90
Or 30x = 2340 – 1860
Or 30x = 480
Or x = 16
So, option (b) is the correct answer.

31 (a)
Option (a) is correct: The given option best summarizes the whole theme of the passage which is the
crucial issue of diminishing resources caused by climate change and the attention it needs in the form of
international cooperation and sustainable solutions. The lines, “Climate-induced resource scarcity, …
Sustainable resource management, renewable energy adoption, international cooperation are crucial to
mitigate climate change and alleviate resource-driven conflicts, fostering a resilient and equitable
global response to the complex interplay between diminishing resources and the escalating climate
crisis” validate the given option. Hence, this is the best crux of the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect: The given option is vague. The passage talks about diminishing resources and
how it is connected to climate change, but this option only talks about solutions to climate change. So, this
option does not capture the central theme or context of the passage in its entirety.
Option (c) is incorrect: The passage does not cover the context of human survival due to diminishing
resources caused by climate change. So, this option is beyond the scope of the passage and is not correct.

7 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

 Option (d) is incorrect: The given option seems correct. However, it only partially covers the theme of
the passage. It only mentions the issue and misses the solution suggested in the passage regarding
sustainable resource management and global cooperation. So, this option is not the best crux of the
passage.

32 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect: The passage nowhere specifies or mentions about the responsibilities of
technology platforms, content creators and consumers separately. Hence, this is not the correct inference.
Option (b) is correct: The given option is based on the lines: “Technological ethics should guide the
development and implementation of tools and policies that promote transparency, fact-checking, and
responsible information sharing, fostering an ethical digital landscape that prioritizes truth and
integrity.” These lines show that technological ethics are critical for handling fake news because ethics
promote transparency, truth and integrity. Hence, this option is correct.
Option (c) is incorrect: The passage does not mention anything about a surveillance system. Moreover,
this option misses out the main theme of the passage, which is technological ethics. Hence, this is not the
correct inference.
Option (d) is incorrect: Though true, this statement misses out the main theme of the passage, which is
technological ethics. Fake news is an important aspect covered in the passage, but so is technological
ethics.

33 (b)
Total amount lent = 20000
Total interest after 5 years = 32000 – 20000 = Rs. 12000
Simple interest (SI) = (P × R × T)/100
or 12000 = (20000 × R × 5)/100
or R = (12000 × 100)/(20000 × 5)
or R = 12%
Hence, we get:

∴ The ratio of shares of money lent to Rocky and Romy = 3 : 2

Threfore, money lent to Romy = (2/5) × 20000 = Rs. 8000
So, option (b) is the correct answer.

34 (d)
(a) C > B ≥ D = A < G; here, A < B is possibly true.
(b) C > D ≥ A = G < B; here A < B is definitely true.
(c) B > D ≥ G = A < C; here A < B is definitely true.
(d) G > D ≥ B = C < A; here A < B is definitely false.
So, option (d) is the correct answer.

35 (c)
The pattern is: I x III - 23 = II
(a) 9 ☺ 37 ☺ 5 = 9 x 5 - 23 = 37
(b) 11 ☺ 135 ☺ 13 = 11 x 13 - 23 = 135
(c) 3 ☺ 15 ☺ 7 = = 3 x 7 - 6 = 15
(d) 45 ☺ 757 ☺ 17 = = 45 x 17 - 23 = 757
Hence, option (c) is correct.
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36 (c)
Venn diagram:

Hence option (c) is the right answer.

Explanation for Questions 37 to 39:
The floor number of E is an even number, and its building letter is a vowel. G lives to the west of B in the
same numbered flat, but below the flat of E. B and C are not in the same building, and they live either on
the topmost floor or on the bottommost floor. On considering these conditions, we get:
Case 1 Case 2
Floors Building O Building P Building O Building P
5 C C
4 E
3
2 E
1 G B G B
The difference between the floor numbers of C and J is 3. A and C live in the same building, and the letter
of their building is a vowel. J lives to the southeast of C. A and J are not in the same building. A lives on
an odd numbered floor but below C. On considering these conditions, we get:
Case 1 Case 2
Floors Building O Building P Building O Building P
5 C C
4 E
3 A A
2 E J J
1 G B G B
Now, I and D are not in the same building. The building letter of I is a vowel and he lives on the fourth
floor. H lives below F, with D living between them. So, Case 2 gets eliminated.
Case 1
Floors Building O Building P
5 C F
4 I D
3 A H
2 E J
1 G B

37 (b)

38 (a)

39 (c)

40 (a)
30% of the work is done by A alone. It means A did 3/10 unit of work alone.
33.33% of the work is done by B alone. It means B did 1/3 unit of work alone.
Portion of work done by A and B together in 2 days = [1 – {(3/10) + (1/3)}
= 1 – (19/30) = 11/30
So, the portion of work done by A and B together in 1 day = 11/60
It is given that B takes 20% more time than A. Let A completes a work in x days. Then B will complete
the same work in 1.2x days.
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 So, (1/x) + (1/1.2x) = 11/60
Or (1/x) + (5/6x) = 11/60
Or (11/6x) = 11/60
Or x = 10 days
B can complete the work in 1.2x days, i.e. 1.2 × 10 = 12 days
So, option (a) is the correct answer.

41 (c)
Given: Total overs in 1 inning = 20
Required run rate initially = 10.5/over
∴ Total runs to chase = 20 × 10.5 = 210
Now, Run rate at the end of 14th over = 11.5
∴ Total runs at the end of 14th over = 11.5 × 14 = 161
∴ Runs still required by India to win the match = 210 – 161 = 49 runs
Hence, option (c) is correct.

42 (c)
Let gross salary of Himanshu be 100 units.
Net salary (or in-hand salary) = 100 – 20 = 80 units.
Himanshu spends 25% of his in-hand salary on fooding and lodging, 20% of the remaining on education
and transportation, and 10% of the remaining on entertainment.
So, amount left with him = 80 x (75/100) x (80/100) x (90/100) = 43.2 units.
Now, 43.2 units = 15600
Or 100 units = (15600/43.2) x 100 = 36111.11 (approx.)
Monthly contribution toward NPS = 10 units = 361.11 × 10 = Rs. 3,611.11
Amount spent on entertainment = 4.8 units = 4.8 × 361.11 = Rs. 1733.33
Hence, option (c) is the right answer.

43 (d)
Let marked prices of Sandeep, Pawan, and Raghav be ₹ 200, ₹ 300, and ₹ 400 respectively.
Selling price of Sandeep after 25% discount = 200 × (100 – 25)/100 = Rs. 150
Selling price of Pawan after giving two successive discounts of 20% and 10% = 300 × {(80/100) ×
(90/100)} = Rs. 216
Selling price of Raghav after giving 56% discount = 400 × {(100 – 56)/100} = Rs. 176
∴ Descending order of their selling prices is Pawan > Raghav > Sandeep.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

44 (d)
According to the question,
a < b and c < b
If we assume value of b to be 8, then a and c can be any digit between 1 and 7.
So, the total number of such numbers = 7 × 7 = 49
If we assume value of b to be 7, then a and c can be any digit between 1 and 6.
So, the total number of such numbers = 6 × 6 = 36
…..and so on.
So, the total number of such numbers = 49 + 36 + 25 + 16 + 9 + 4 + 1 = 140
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

45 (c)
Last date of the February month of the year 1896 = 29 (1896 is a leap year)
Number of years in his entire married life = 1963 – 1896 = 67
Number of leap years in his entire married life = Quotient [67/4] = 16
So, he will celebrate 16 marriage anniversaries in his entire life.
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

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46 (a)
From statements 1 and 2, time taken by both friends to travel both ways by train = 15 – 3 = 12 hrs.
So, time taken to travel one way by train = 12/2 = 6 hrs
Hence, time taken to travel one way by car = 6 + 3 = 9 hrs
So, time required to travel bothways by a car = 9 × 2 = 18 hrs.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

47 (a)
Note: The question is about invalid assumptions.
Assumption 1 is incorrect: The given statement is not correct because it is an extreme one. The passage
does not imply that it is not possible to live a simple life. The line “In an era dominated by technology, the
pursuit of a simple life is both elusive and challenging (but not impossible)”. So, this is an incorrect
assumption.
Assumption 2 is correct: The given assumption is based on the lines “Simplicity in the digital age
involves mindful tech use, fostering genuine human connections, … benefits of technology without
succumbing to the overwhelming complexities it can introduce in the quest for a simpler life.” Hence,
this assumption is correct.

48 (d)
Inference 1 is incorrect: The passage nowhere mentions that issues or violations of the moral code are
happening because of the lack of legal sanctity. The passage is about enforcement and its effectiveness.
Also, whether effectiveness will increase by making it legal has not been discussed in the passage. Hence,
this inference is not correct.
Inference 2 is incorrect: The passage does not state that moral code is regularly violated, or that this
situation is worsening day by day. Moreover, the passage talks about political ethics in the parties and not
the rule of law. Rule of law is different from moral code. So, this inference is not correct.

49 (b)
Assumption 1 is incorrect: The given assumption is not correct because the passage does not trace the
cause of the replacement of cuddling with phones. Therefore, to assume that parents are busy and that is
why they have replaced cuddling with phones would not be correct.
Assumption 2 is correct: The given assumption is based on the following lines “This shift might
contribute to a generation with diminished abilities to connect emotionally, understand social nuances,
and navigate complex relationships.” This shows that if cuddling does not happen properly, it may affect
a person emotionally as well as socially. Hence, it is crucial for emotional as well as social intelligence.

50 (a)
Let the number of balls be ‘n’.
As the boy covers 364 m, he covers 364/2 = 182 m on the one side and 182 m on the other side.
First consider the distance covered on one side:
As the balls are placed in the lawn at intervals of 1 m in a straight line, so the total distance covered by
him = 2 + (2+2) + (2+2+2) + (2+2+2+2) + ………. = 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ………… = n/2[2×2 + (n – 1) 2] =
n(n+1)
[Sum of ‘n’ terms in A.P. (arithmetic progression), Sn = n/2[2a + (n – 1) d],
where, n = number of terms, a = first term and d = common difference].
Here n is the number of balls or number of terms in the A.P.
So, n(n+1) = 182 = 13×14
∴ n = 13.
Hence, the total number of balls = 13 + 13 + 1 = 27.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

51 (d)
N = 36 × 55 × 26 × 157 = 36 × 55 × 26 × 37 × 57 = 313 × 512 × 26
So, total number of factors = (13 + 1) × (12 + 1) × (6 + 1) = 14 × 13 × 7
Any odd factor will have to be a combination of 3 and 5.
Total number of odd factors of 313 × 512 = (13 + 1) × (12 + 1) = 14 × 13

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 Total number of even factors = Total number of factors – Total number of odd factors = (14 × 13 × 7) –
(14 × 13) = 1092
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

52 (b)
Let the first digit be n.
Third digit is equal to first digit. So, it will also be n.
Second digit = Sum of first and third digits = n + n = 2n
Fifth digit = Sum of third and second digits = n + 2n = 3n
Sixth digit = Sum of third and fifth digits = n + 3n = 4n
Fourth digit = Sum of fifth and sixth digits = 3n + 4n = 7n
Ratio of fifth and fourth digit = 3n : 7n = 3 : 7
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

53 (d)
Let a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and i be the ages, in years, of the persons, listed from youngest to oldest. From the
given information it follows that e = 70 and i = 3a + 30.
Therefore, listed from youngest to oldest, the ages are a, b, c, d, 70, f, g, h and 3a + 30.
The maximum value of 3a + 30 will occur when the maximum value of a is used, and this will be the case
only if the youngest 4 persons all have the same age. Therefore, listed from youngest to oldest, the ages
are a, a, a, a, 70, f, g, h and 3a + 30.
The maximum value for a and by extension 3a + 30 will occur when f, g and h are as small as possible.
Since f, g and h are to the right of the median, they must be at least 70 and so 70 is the least possible value
for each of f, g and h. Therefore, listed from youngest to oldest, the ages are a, a, a, a, 70, 70, 70, 70 and
3a + 30. Since the average age is 50, we get:
(a+a+a+a+70+70+70+70+(3a+30))/9 = 50
or, a = 20.
Hence, the maximum possible age of the oldest person = 3a + 30 = 3×20 + 30 = 90 years.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

54 (b)
HCF of 160, 224, 96, 128, 192 and 64 = 32
So, minimum number of buses required = (160 + 224 + 96 + 128 + 192 + 64)/32 = 864/32 = 27
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

55 (a)
For the first strip, we have 7 colour options - say VIBGYOR.
For the second strip, we need to choose a colour different from the first strip. So, we have 6 colour
options. - say IBGYOR.
For the third strip, we need to choose a colour different from the second strip. So, we have 6 colour
options. - say VBGYOR.
….and so on.
So, the total number of possible ways to design the flag = 7 x 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 = 326592
Hence, option (a) is correct.

56 (c)
Mona Shubhra Divyadharsini
Ratio of capitals = 1/3 : 1/4 : 1/5
= 1/3 ×60 : 1/4 ×60 : 1/5 ×60 [LCM (3,4,5) = 60]
= 20 : 15 : 12
Ratio of profits = 20×3 + 10×9 : 15×12 : 12×12
= 150 : 15×12 : 12×12
= 25 : 30 : 24
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

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57 (a)
Given series : * L& 1 > a % Q * Z 5 * 2 $ U E 7 O & 6 ^ 3 { 9 “T ! D # 4 F 6 ^ 3
After dropping the letters, we get: * & 1 > % * 5 * 2 $ 7 & 6 ^ 3 { 9 “ ! # 4 6 ^ 3
Seventeenth element from the right end: *
Fifth to the right of the seventeenth element: 6
So, option (a) is the correct answer.

58 (b)
Arya = (1/4) Sharda
Arya = 5 Konika
Arya + Himanshu = Luvkush + Konika ………….(i)
Luvkush - Himanshu = Javitri
Or Luvkush = Himanshu + Javitri ………….(ii)
Now, on putting Arya = 5 Konika and Luvkush = Himanshu - Javitri in equation (i):
Arya + Himanshu = Luvkush + Konika
Or 5 Konika + Himanshu = Himanshu + Javitri + Konika
Or 4 Konika = Javitri
Or Javitri = 4 × 7500 = 30000.
So, option (b) is the correct answer.

59 (d)
Here, we are required to decipher or decode the pattern.
LAPTOP is written as MWYUKY. We can see that the underlying pattern is very simple, as shown
below:
L + 12 = M
A - 22 = W
P + 32 = Y
T + 12 = U
O - 22 = K
P + 32 = Y
We will follow a similar pattern to code BEACON.
B + 12 = C
E - 22 = A
A + 32 = J
C + 12 = D
O - 22 = K
N + 32 = W
So, the required code is CAJDKW.
Hence, option (d) is correct.

60 (d)
Let the length, breadth and height of the cuboidal room be l, b and h respectively.
The length of the longest pole that can be placed on the floor of the cuboidal room is equal to the length of
the diagonal of the floor (a rectangle) with its sides as the length and breadth of the room.
So, l2 + b2 = 52…………………. І
The length of the longest pole that can be placed in the room in any manner is equal to the space diagonal
of the cuboidal room.
So, l2 + b2 + h2 = (5√2)2 ………… II
Using I and II, we get:
52 + h2 = 50
⇒ h2 = 50 – 25
⇒ h2 = 25
∴ h = 5 m.
Hence, option (d) is correct.

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61 (b)
Inference 1 is incorrect: The given inference is not correct because of the phrase ‘not possible’. The
passage is about how colonial rule impacted tribal societies and how it continues to do so. However, this
option states that it is not possible to overcome those impacts. Whether it is possible or not is not
discussed in the passage. Hence, this option is not correct because the passage does not state so.
Inference 2 is correct: The given inference is correct because of the line - “Many engaged in armed
uprisings, such as the Santhal Rebellion and the Birsa Munda-led Munda Rebellion, seeking to reclaim
their ancestral lands and resist cultural imposition.” This line shows that many (probably not all) adopted
violent or armed means to resist cultural change. So, this inference is correct.

62 (d)
Option (a) is incorrect: The given option is not correct because the passage does not mention tribals to
be the ‘most’ formidable opposition. The passage does not compare tribals with any other section in the
context of opposing the British. So, this option is not correct.
Option (b) is incorrect: The passage is specific to tribals and mentions the opposition that tribals
presented to the British (colonial rule). However, the passage does not cover the aspects of pre-colonial
rule. So, this option is beyond the scope of the passage.
Option (c) is incorrect: The passage is specific to tribals and not generic to Indian society. However, the
option is about Indian society in general. So, this option is not correct.
Option (d) is correct: This option is based on the following line - “In response to colonial oppression,
tribals mounted various forms of resistance.” It reflects the opposition aspect. Now, consider the line -
“The colonial legacy has left a lasting impact on tribal communities, contributing to issues like
displacement, poverty, and cultural marginalization, which continue to shape their socio-economic
realities in post-colonial India.” So, the colonial legacy affects the tribals even today with issues like
poverty, marginalization etc. Hence, this option is correct.

63 (c)
Option (a) is incorrect: Refer to the line: “Furthermore, economic growth wasn't always inclusive…”
The author clearly says that inclusive growth has happened, though not always. Therefore, it would be
incorrect to say that inclusive growth has not happened at all. Furthermore, the context is not specific to
any country. Therefore, this answer option is not correct as per the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect: The entire passage talks about how in many cases economic growth is not
inclusive. The author lists the various factors that prevent the inclusive nature of economic growth.
Therefore, it would be incorrect to say that economic growth is inherently inclusive in nature.
Option (c) is correct: The lines “Inefficient implementation of social policies, bureaucratic hurdles,
and corruption hindered the effective delivery of welfare programs” show that the government also
grapples with issues related to inclusive growth. Also, the lines “Economic development often prioritized
urban and industrial areas, leaving rural regions with inadequate access to education, healthcare, and
employment opportunities” show that economic growth is not always inclusive in nature. Hence, the
government should focus on making economic growth inclusive.
Option (d) is incorrect as option (a) is incorrect.

64 (d)
Assumption 1 is incorrect: The passage does mention the influence of British colonialism on Indian
political institutions as reflected in the lines “The British colonial administration laid the groundwork,
introducing parliamentary structures that continue to influence Indian politics.” ‘Parliamentary
structures’ is one such example. However, there could be many other channels of influence. Therefore, it
would be incorrect to say that Parliamentary structure is the ‘only’ way through which British colonialism
has influenced Indian politics.
Assumption 2 is incorrect: The evolution as mentioned in the passage is because of the changing
demands of the society as seen in the line “Over the years, India's federal structure has evolved,
accommodating regional diversity through the establishment of State Legislative Assemblies.” Therefore,
evolution of political institutions reflects changing societal demands and not vice versa as mentioned in
the option. So, this assumption is not correct.
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65 (a)
Option (a) is correct: The given option is based on the following lines “The British colonial
administration … continue to influence Indian politics. … Over the years, India's federal structure has
evolved, accommodating regional diversity through the establishment of State Legislative Assemblies.
Constitutional amendments and electoral reforms have aimed at enhancing representation and
inclusivity.” These lines depict the essence of the passage - transformation has happened in the political
institutions and political landscape of the country from the colonial era to the present day. So, this best
reflects the crux of the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect: The given statement is generic and not as per the information provided in the
passage. The passage mentions about evolution of political institutions, but the associated complexities
and limitations, if any, are not covered in the passage. Also, the main theme of the passage is to showcase
the evolution of political institutions. Therefore, this option is not the best crux of the passage.
Option (c) is incorrect: The given passage is not about political parties and coalition partners, but the
overall political landscape of the country at large. Therefore, this option is not the best crux.
Option (d) is incorrect: The passage is primarily about the evolution of Indian political institutions. Also,
there is nothing related to the evolution of Indian politics except the influence of the British administration
over it. We cannot conclusively say that Indian politics has not evolved since independence. So, this is not
the best crux of the passage.

66 (b)
From II, Ragini visited her in-laws on Monday. Thus, Ragini visited Goa on Tuesday.
So, option (b) is the correct answer.

67 (d)
Venn diagram:

Either conclusion I or III follows.

Hence, option (d) is the right answer.

68 (d)
The given sequence: wx_ivQhw_giVqhWx_ _vqH
We can break this sequence in three sets of 7 elements each. We can see that every third letter is a capital
letter.
The complete sequence is: wxGivQh/wXgiVqh/WxgIvqH.
Hence, option (d) is correct.

69 (d)
17 + (2 * 3) = 23
23 + (3 * 4) = 35
35 + (4 * 5) = 55
55 + (5 * 6) = 85
85 + (6 * 7) = 127
Hence, option (d) is the right answer.
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70 (b)
The figure:

There are 3 horizontal lines, namely AG, BF, and CE.

There are 3 vertical lines, namely AC, HD, and GE.
There are 6 slant lines, namely AD, AE, GC, GD, CD, and ED.
Thus, there are 3 + 3 + 6 = 12 straight lines in all.
Hence, option (b) is the right answer.

71 (c)
Ratio of water and sugar in mixture 1 = 5 : 1
Quantity of water in mixture 1 = {5/(5+1)} x 18 = 15 litres
Quantity of sugar in mixture 1 = {1/(5+1)} x 18 = 3 litres
Ratio of water and sugar in mixture 2 = 1 : 6
Quantity of water in mixture 2 = {1/(1+6)} x 28 = 4 litres
Quantity of sugar in mixture 2 = {6/(1+6)} x 28 = 24 litres
In new mixture, there is some extra water. Let it be x.
So, total quantity of water in the new mixture = 15 + 4 + x = 19 + x
Total quantity of sugar in the new mixture = 3 + 24 = 27 litres
According to the question,
(19 + x)/27 = 8/9
Or 19 + x = 24
Or x = 5
Total quantity of water in the new mixture = 19 + x = 19 + 5 = 24 litres
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

72 (a)

Let AC be the pole. Given, AC = 30 m, BC = 10 m.

So, AB = 30 – 10 = 20 m.
Let DC = ‘x’ m. So, in right angled ∆DBC,
tanθ = BC/DC
or, tanθ = 10/x …………………. І
Also, in right angled ∆ADC,
tan (θ+θ) = AC/DC
⇒ tan2 θ = 30/x
⇒ 2tanθ/(1-tan2θ) = 30/x
⇒ [2(10/x)]/(1-(10/x)2 ) = 30/x [From І]
∴ x = 10√3 m.
So, the distance of the point from the base of the pole = 10√3 m.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
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73 (d)
Let 10 years ago the ages of Abhishek and Aishwarya were 5x and 4x.
So, the present ages of Abhishek and Aishwarya would be (5x + 10) and (4x + 10) respectively.
According to the question,
5x + 10 = 4x + 10 + (1/6) × (4x + 10)
Or 5x = 4x + (1/6) × (4x + 10)
Or x = (1/6) × (4x + 10)
Or 6x = (4x + 10)
Or 2x = 10
Or x = 5
So, Present age of Abhishek = 5x + 10 = 5×5 + 10 = 25 + 10 = 35 years
Present age of Aishwarya = 4x + 10 = 4×5 + 10 = 20 + 10 = 30 years
The total present age of the family = 35 + 30 + (9×3) + (6×2) + 3 = 107 years
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

74 (d)
The total number of girls who attended Bengali and Geography = {800 × (16/100) × (7/16)} + {800 ×
(23/100) × (5/8)} = 56 + 115 = 171
The total number of boys who attended Hindi and Biology = {800 × (22/100) × (1/4)} + {800 × (25/100)
× (3/10)} = 44 + 60 = 104
Required difference = 171 – 104 = 67
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

75 (d)
The path taken by the person is represented below:

PQ = 30 m; QR = 3PQ = 90 m; RS = 5PQ = 150 m

SW = RS – RW = 150 – 30 = 120 m.
In ∆PWS, PS2 = PW2 + SW2 = 902 + 1202 = 22500
Hence, the shortest distance, PS = 150 m.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

76 (b)
The selection of the players can be done in the following ways:
Group A (Number of ways) Group B (Number of ways)
Case I 2 Men ( 2𝐶 2) 2 Women ( 2𝐶 2)
Case II 1 Man + 1 Woman 1 Man + 1 Woman
( 2𝐶 1) × ( 3𝐶 1) ( 3𝐶 1) × ( 2𝐶 1)
Case III 2 Women ( 3𝐶 2) 2 Men ( 3𝐶 2 )
Hence, the required number of ways = ( 2𝐶 2 × 2𝐶 2) + ( 2𝐶 1 × 3𝐶 1 × 3𝐶 1 × 2𝐶 1 ) + ( 3𝐶 2 × 3𝐶 2) =
(1 × 1) + (2× 3× 3× 2) + (3× 3) = 1 + 36 + 9 = 46 ways.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

77 (b)
Inference 1 is incorrect: The context of the state and what it should do for cybersecurity is not covered in
the passage. Therefore, this inference is beyond the scope of the passage.
Inference 2 is correct: The given inference is based on the lines “The ethical hacker, or "white hat,"
employs the same techniques as malicious hackers but with the goal of identifying and fortifying
security weaknesses rather than exploiting them.” These lines show that ethical hackers know everything
that malicious hackers know, but they use it for noble objectives. So, essentially, they have the potential to
become malicious hackers. Hence, this inference is correct.
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 78 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect: The passage talks about the paradox of morality and the various reasons behind
it. However, this option focuses only on the individual and his established beliefs. So, this option does not
reflect the most rational inference.
Option (b) is correct: The given option captures the essence of the passage, which is the paradox of
morality and the reasons behind it. This is seen in the lines “The paradox of morality lies in the intricate
tension between universal principles and cultural relativity, … Cultural context moulds moral
frameworks, giving rise to situations where actions deemed morally acceptable in one culture may be
condemned in another.” And “…..the paradox of morality extends to the internal conflict within
individuals. Personal moral convictions may clash with societal norms, creating a complex internal
struggle.” So, this option is the most rational inference.
Option (c) is incorrect: This option differentiates between morality and ethical relativism. However, the
central theme of the passage is the paradox of morality and various reasons leading to it. So, this option is
not the most rational inference.
Option (d) is incorrect: The given option is quite vague and is not based on the passage, because the
context of critical examination of cultural boundaries is not covered in the passage. So, this option is
beyond the scope of the passage.

79 (c)
Assumption 1 is incorrect: The given assumption is extreme and is not based on the information
provided in the passage. Conscience and legal frameworks are tools of decision-making. Though
sometimes they might be wrong, but to state that they are not reliable would not be correct.
Assumption 2 is incorrect: The given assumption is not correct because of the lines “Adherence to legal
and regulatory standards may lack the flexibility to address every moral dilemma and may not always
align with evolving societal values”. This line shows that societal values may or may not impact the legal
frameworks.

80 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect: The given option is quite generic in nature and does not cover the specific
context of the passage, which is about the reliability of conscience compared to laws. The passage
compares the approach of conscience and laws towards ethical decision-making. So, this option is not the
most rational inference.
Option (b) is correct: The passage is about conscience, laws and how they help in ethical decision-
making. The lines from the passage “While it can provide a sense of individual integrity, its subjectivity
raises concerns about consistency and potential biases. Laws, rules, and regulations, on the other hand,
offer a structured framework for ethical behaviour … may lack the flexibility to address every moral
dilemma and may not always align with evolving societal values.” show that both conscience and laws,
etc. are used in decision-making, but there is some complexity involved in their reliability. This is because
of the inconsistency in conscience and lack of flexibility in laws. So, there is uncertainty about their
reliability and it’s a debatable topic, as highlighted in the line – “The ongoing dialogue between personal
conscience and legal frameworks is essential …”.
Option (c) is incorrect: The given option is not covered in the passage, because whether conscience and
law complement each other, or whether they are mutually exclusive or not is not discussed in the passage.
The passage only mentions their features and differences. So, this option is not correct as per the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect: The context of adaptability and its impact on the reliability of conscience or legal
frameworks is not discussed in the passage. Hence, this option is not correct.

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