VISION IAS

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TEST BOOKLET

CSAT APTITUDE TEST– (4291) – 2024

C
Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 200

INSTRUCTIONS

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the Test Booklet.

4. This Test Booklet contains 80 items (Questions). Each item is printed in English. Each item comprises four
responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel
that there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider most appropriate. In any
case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.

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responses marked by you in the answer sheet. For every incorrect response one-third of the allotted Marks will
be deducted.

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9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

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1. A defective watch shows a weird behavior. It
gains 3 seconds per 5 minutes in the first hour,
looses 6 seconds per 5 minutes in the second
hour, gains 9 seconds per 5 minutes in the next
one hour, and so on. If the watch showed the
correct time at 6:00 a.m. on Friday, then what
was the time it indicated at 9:00 p.m. on
Saturday?
(a) 9:12 p.m.
(b) 9:20 p.m.
(c) 9:25 p.m.
(d) 9:02 p.m.
Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
Read the following three passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
Passage – 1
Commercial nuclear power is sometimes viewed by the
public as a dangerous or unstable process. This
perception is often based on three global nuclear
accidents, its false association with nuclear weapons, and
how it is portrayed on popular television shows and
films. Department Of Energy (DOE), India and its
national labs are working with industry to develop new
reactors and fuels that will increase the overall
performance of these technologies and reduce the
amount of nuclear waste that is produced. DOE also
works to provide accurate, fact-based information about
nuclear energy through its social media and STEM
outreach efforts to educate the public on the benefits of
nuclear energy.
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2. Which of the following statements best reflects
the logical inference that can be drawn from the
passage given above?
(a) Considering the global nuclear accidents,
the development of new reactors and fuels
should be done with enhanced safety.
(b) Steps taken by DOE in the context of
commercial nuclear power will help change
the opinion built around it.
(c) Use of nuclear power is not only limited to
nuclear weapons but it can also be harnessed
in commercial form.
(d) Public should also participate in the efforts
towards spreading correct knowledge about
the benefits of nuclear energy.
Passage – 2
The global economy, with increased transport of goods
and travel, has facilitated the movement of live species
over long distances and beyond natural boundaries.
While only a small percentage of transported organisms
become invasive, they have a tremendous impact on the
health of plants, animals and even humans—threatening
lives and affecting food security and ecosystem health.
Their negative impact on the economy costs countries
billions of dollars in losses to agricultural production and
some trillion dollars of environmental costs worldwide
annually. Once established, eradication is the most
desirable solution, but it can be very expensive to do.
3. Which of the following statements best reflects
the crux of the passage?
(a) Global organizations should work together
to contain the spread of invasive species and
protect the environment and economy.
(b) Invasive species have the potential to
threaten the economy and environment of a
country.
(c) The dire socio-economic consequences of
invasive species call for their eradication at
the point of source.
(d) Proper regulations for the transport of live
species can help prevent the spread of
invasive species.
©Vision IAS
 Passage – 3
Cities are spaces of opportunity and well-being, but not
everyone can flourish equally. Women are constrained
by fear, violence and exclusion. Urban planning and
management often do not address women’s economic
and social realities or foster their “right to the city”.
India’s urban population is about 35 per cent. By 2050,
it is projected to be around 60 per cent. It is crucial to
address inequities as we imagine an urban India at 100.
Over the past 20 years of working on women’s safety and
inclusion in cities, I have realised that they rarely feel a
sense of freedom or autonomy. One of the key reasons is
the lack of gender-responsive urban planning, design and
governance. When cities are designed for able-bodied,
heterosexual men, many realities are not reflected —
including those of women, children and older persons.
There are two key factors that prevent women from
equitable access to the city — violence and fear, and the
unequal burden of care work. While women’s safety is
on the agenda of many, solutions are predominantly
posited with a technocratic approach — more CCTV
cameras, policing or emergency apps. Safety though
linked to inclusion and equity, cannot be subsumed
under a security perspective alone. It is only when these
linkages are translated into urban policies that we will
find meaningful and sustainable solutions. First, we need
to accept that this is not a “women’s” issue but an urban
issue of equity and inclusion. Change is needed in many
arenas including physical and social infrastructure, safe
spaces, services such as transport and response to
gender-based violence. The public domain needs to be
made more gender friendly and inclusive of all people of
diverse ages, socio-economic statuses, genders, abilities
and ethnicities. Further, the unequal burden of care
shapes women’s everyday reality in the city. Care work
is central to any society and economy, but is invisible.
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4. Which one of the following statements best
reflects the most logical and rational message
conveyed by the author of the passage?
(a) Women are constrained by fear, hence could
not avail opportunities of urban areas.
(b) Improvement in social infrastructure is the
most important requirement for women’s
inclusion in cities.
(c) Men need to devote more time to household
work so that women can devote more time
to their jobs.
(d) Urban regions offer opportunities, but more
needs to be done to make them women
friendly.
5. A certain calendar-year has 337 days in a year
and follows the same seven days week that is
followed in regular English calendar. After how
many years will the yearly calendar be repeated
in this system if all the years in this system are
the same (i.e. there is no concept of leap year)?
(a) 5 years
(b) 6 years
(c) 7 years
(d) 8 years
6. At what time between 10 and 11 o’clock will the
hands of a clock be overlapping?
(a) 53(6/11) minutes past 10
(b) 54(6/11) minutes past 10
(c) 54(10/11) minutes past 10
(d) 54(5/11) minutes past 10
7. Consider the following arrangement:
5ec7298y756#1k86g872f454*6
How many such digits are there in the sequence,
each of which is immediately preceded by a
consonant and immediately followed by a prime
number?
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 3
©Vision IAS
8. A, B, C, D and E went to a restaurant for dinner. They 10. P = (20% of X) + (32% of Y); Q = (25% of X) +
have different amounts of money with them. All of
(25% of Y). It is also known that X is greater
them combined have Rs. 4500 with them. If A takes
Rs. 150 from B, they will have the same amount of than 10.
money. If D takes Rs. 250 from E, they will have the In this context, which of the following
same amount of money. A and C together have twice
statements are correct?
the money that E has. B and D together have the same
amount of money that A and C together have. How (a) P is greater than Q.
much money does C have?
(b) P is less than Q.
(a) Rs. 700
(b) Rs. 800 (c) P is equal to Q.
(c) Rs. 600 (d) None of the above can be concluded with
(d) Rs. 400
certainty.
9. Out of the five symbols given below, four are
similar in a certain manner but one symbol is not
11. Which of the following equations in respect of
like the other four. Identify the symbol which is
different from the rest. Roman numerals – C, D, M and L is correct?
(a) L + L = D
(b) C + C = M

(a) (c) D + D =M
(d) M + M = C

12. The electricity bill charged for household

(b) activities is partly fixed and partly varies with

the number of units of electricity consumed. The
electricity bill of Ram's house in May month was
Rs. 3040 when 350 units were consumed, and in
(c) June month the bill was Rs. 3728 when 436 units
were consumed. If 523 units have been
consumed in July month, then what will be the
bill for that month?
(d)
(a) Rs. 5884
(b) Rs. 4424
(c) Rs. 4680
(d) Rs. 5680
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Direction for the following 2 (two) items:
Consider the following information and answer the two
items that follow.
There are 4 friends J, K, L and M. All the friends study
two subjects each and play one sports each.
One of them is a volleyball player and studies English
and History. J and K play badminton. Both badminton
players study Mathematics. One badminton player also
studies Physics. M is a boxer. The boxer studies
Mathematics and Accounts. J studies Science.
13. Which one of the following combinations of
person, sports and subjects is correct?
(a) K; Badminton; Mathematics, Physics
(b) K; Badminton; Mathematics, History
(c) L; Boxing; English, Physics
(d) J; Badminton; English, History
14. L plays which sport?
(a) Volleyball
(b) Boxing
(c) Badminton
(d) Can't be determined
Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
Read the following two passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
Passage – 1
The idea of a job for life, a one-company career,
belonged to past generations, for whom career
progression, albeit slow, was an important point of surety
in a world of uncertainty. Young workers want to
expedite their progress up the ladder. They are less
inclined to defer gratification, and gladly jump ship if
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their demands are not met. In the workplace, command
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and control leadership is questioned.
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15. What is the essential message in this passage?
(a) In the workplace, command and control
leadership is not successful.
(b) Young workers are ready to take risks for
faster career progression.
(c) Young workers are more successful than
their predecessors.
(d) Young workers do not have the ethics their
predecessors demonstrated in their
professional lives.
Passage – 2
China has been hit by devastating floods in recent weeks,
inundating cities and causing deaths and infrastructural
damage, as well as raising questions about the
effectiveness of its 2015 “sponge city” initiative aimed
at reducing urban flood risks. The initiative was
launched to boost flood resilience in major cities and
make better use of rainwater through architectural,
engineering and infrastructural tweaks. China has long
sought to improve the way it handles extreme weather
and make highly populated cities less vulnerable to
flooding and drought. The “sponge city” initiative was
designed to make greater use of lower-impact “nature-
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based solutions” to better distribute water and improve
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drainage and storage. Those solutions included the use
of permeable asphalt, the construction of new canals and
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ponds and also the restoration of wetlands, which would
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not only ease waterlogging but also improve the urban
environment. Even if sponge city measures had been
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implemented in full, they would have been unable to
prevent this year’s disasters. Zhengzhou in Henan
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province was one of the most enthusiastic pioneers of
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sponge city construction, allocating nearly 60 billion
yuan to the programme from 2016 to 2021. But it was
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unable to deal with its heaviest rainfall in history in 2021.
E
Experts believe sponge city infrastructure can only
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handle no more than 200 millimetres (7.9 inches) of rain
per day. At the height of the rainstorms that lashed
A
Beijing at the end of July, rainfall at one station reached
745 millimetres over three and a half days. In July 2021,
Zhengzhou saw rainfall in excess of 200 mm in just one
hour.
©Vision IAS
16. With reference to the above passage consider the 19. Two clocks are set to show the correct time at 6
following statements. a.m. One clock gains 3 minutes in an hour, while
the other gains 5 minutes in an hour. By how
1. Sponge cities require heavy investment in
many minutes will the two clocks differ at 10
infrastructure.
p.m. on the next day?
2. Sponge cities incorporate environmentally (a) 80 minutes
sustainable initiatives. (b) 90 minutes
Which of the statements given above is/are (c) 70 minutes

correct? (d) 50 minutes

(a) 1 only
20. If the time shown by a clock is 4 hours 35
(b) 2 only
minutes, then what time does it show on the
(c) Both 1 and 2 mirror image?
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 6 hours 25 minutes
(b) 7 hours 35 minutes
(c) 6 hours 55 minutes
17. Which of the following statements best
(d) 7 hours 25 minutes
describes the crux of the passage?
(a) Floods are causing concerns in China. 21. X was born on Monday on 8th June, 1996. On his
(b) Floods may continue to occur even after first birthday and every birthday thereafter his
innovations are made to prevent it. parents made sure to take him to a temple. But if

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(c) Droughts and floods often occur his birthday fell on a Saturday or Wednesday,

IN
this ritual was not followed. Till the age of 8,
simultaneously.
how many times did he visit the temple?
(d) Sponge cities are aligned with the climate

L
(a) 8
goals of China.
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(b) 6
(c) 7
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18. Hand watch of Alex was not working properly. (d) 5

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He noticed at 5 a.m. on Friday that it was 8

22. When P will be as old as P's father is now, P will
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minutes slow. On the next day at 11 a.m. he

be six times as old as what P's son is now. But at
noticed that the hand watch was 12 minutes fast. that time P's son will be seven years older than
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When did the hand watch showed the correct what P is now. At present, the sum of the ages of
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time if it gains time uniformly? P's father and P is 120 years. After 10 years, how
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old would P be?

(a) 5 p.m. on Friday
A

(a) 52 years
(b) 11 p.m. on Friday
M

(b) 40 years
(c) 1 p.m. on Friday (c) 48 years
C

(d) 5 a.m. on Saturday (d) 58 years

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23. A businessman earns an income of Rs. x on the 25.
1st day of his business. On every subsequent
day, he earns an income which is thrice of what
he made on the previous day. On the pth day of
business his income would be:
(a) (3x)p
3p - 1
(b) (3x)
(c) (3)p – 1 x 26.
(d) (3x)p - 1
Direction for the following 3 (three) items:
Consider the following information and answer the three
items that follow.
Seven people namely T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z like seven
different hill stations of Uttrakhand namely, Badrinath, 27.
Dehradun, Mussoorie, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Ranikhet
and Rishikesh, not necessarily in that order. Each of
them works in either one of the three fields viz.
Healthcare, Information Technology and Finance, with
Which one of the following combinations
represents the field in which V works and the hill
station he likes?
(a) Finance, Nainital
(b) Healthcare, Mussoorie
(c) Healthcare, Rishikesh
(d) Information Technology, Dehradun
Three of the following are alike in a certain way
as per the given arrangement. Which one of the
following is the odd one out?
(a) Z, Y
(b) T, W
(c) X, Y
(d) U, V
A knock out cricket tournament is to be held
among the 45 members of a club. Every time a
member loses a game, it is knocked out of the
tournament. There are no ties. What is the
minimum number of matches that must be
played to determine the winner?

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at least two of them belonging to each of these fields. (a) 55

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The one who likes Dehradun works in the field of (b) 40
Information Technology only with T. The one who likes (c) 45

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(d) 44
Mukteshwar works with the one who likes Rishikesh. Y
works with the one who likes Nainital. V neither works
28.
N
In a family of husband, wife and a son, the sum
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with T nor in the field of Finance. W likes Ranikhet. W
of the husband’s age, twice the wife’s age and
does not work with Y. X works with only one person. X thrice the son’s age is 85 years; while the sum of
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does not like Dehradun and does not work in Healthcare. thrice the husband’s age, six times the wife’s age
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Z works with V. V does not like Mukteshwar. Y likes and nine times the son’s age is 255 years. It is
also given that the sum of four times the
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Badrinath.
husband’s age, eight times the wife’s age and
͟ field and likes ͟
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24. Y works in hill station.

twelve times the son’s age equals 340 years.
T

Fill in the blanks using the following options.

What is the age of the son?
A

(a) Healthcare, Mussoorie (a) 27 years

(b) Finance, Badrinath
M

(b) 35 years
(c) Information Technology, Dehradun (c) 30 years
C

(d) Healthcare, Dehradun (d) Can't be determined

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Directions for the following 6 (six) items:
Read the following five passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
Passage – 1
Forty-one people are believed dead after a migrant boat
capsized off Tunisia, Italian state RAI television
reported, citing four survivors who were rescued and
brought to land on Wednesday. According to RAI and
ANSA news agency, the four were first rescued by the
Maltese-flagged bulk carrier Rimona in the Straits of
Sicily. They were then transferred to the Italian coast
guard, which brought them to the Sicilian island of
Lampedusa. The island, which is closer to Africa than
the Italian mainland, is a frequent destination for migrant
smugglers and has seen its migrant holding centre
repeatedly overcrowded with new arrivals this summer.
Alessandra Filograno, a spokeswoman for the Italian
Red Cross, confirmed four survivors arrived at the
Lampedusa centre Wednesday morning: two men, a
29. Which of the following statements can be
inferred from the above passage?
1. Lampedusa is probably an accessible
destination for migrants from Africa.
2. The number of migrants entering Italy has
decreased as a result of the anti-migrant
initiatives of Italy.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
30. Which of the following statements best reflects
the crux of the passage?
(a) People migrate to other countries in pursuit
of economic possibilities.
(b) People continue to emigrate to other nations
despite the potential for accidents.

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woman and an unaccompanied minor. Filograno had no (c) Push and pull factors are equally responsible

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further information. Neither ANSA nor RAI provided for migration.
attribution for the information but reported the four (d) Migration has caused demographic changes

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survivors – who hailed from Ivory Coast and Guinea – in the host countries.
as saying that 41 people died, including three children.
This summer, there have been numerous shipwrecks of
Passage – 2
N
As of 2022, it is a rarity to find anyone without a cell
.O

smugglers' boats leaving from Tunisia bound for Italy. phone. A great majority of people have ditched landlines,
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According to the Interior Ministry, more than 93,000 transferring themselves to full-time cell phone usage.
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migrants have arrived in Italy so far this year, more than Nearly five billion people use mobile phones throughout
twice the 45,000 who arrived during the same period in the globe, with three million of those accessing the
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2022. The top nationalities of those arriving are from Internet regularly. While this change has done wonders
E

Guinea, Ivory Coast, Egypt and Tunisia. Italian Premier for so many reasons, research shows that excessive cell
T

Giorgia Meloni, whose right-wing government includes phone usage may have negative impacts on mental
A

the anti-migrant League party, has galvanised the health. Additionally, there are physical health problems
European Union to join it in efforts to coax Tunisia to that are linked to cell phone use. This is not to say that
M

crack down on smuggling operations, but the boats cell phone usage is all bad, but rather it can lead to harm
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continue to set off. if it gets out of control.

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31. Which of the following statements best reflects
the crux of the passage?
(a) Cell phones have revolutionised the life of
humans.
(b) Cell phones are a good servant but a bad
master.
(c) Giving up cell phones and readoption of
landlines should be encouraged.
(d) Productive use of cell phones is not possible
until we work on our psychology.
Passage – 3
In contemporary democracies, protest feeds on the
difficulties currently facing political representation and
is expressed within the framework of direct rather than
representative democracy. The increase in protest-based
attitudes and behaviours observed in many countries
around the world (especially among younger
generations) is undoubtedly related to the current climate
of widespread mistrust in the institutionalized and
representative mediation of politics. This more
demanding and protest-based political culture has led to
greater familiarity with a protest-based repertoire of
opinions and/or actions, and an enhanced tendency
towards extremism and radicalization, particularly
among younger generations.
32. Which one of the following statements is the
most rational and logical implication of the
passage?
(a) No political model can allow protests which
fuel extremism and radicalization of youth.
(b) To address the extremism and radicalization
of youth in democracies, there is a need to
build trust in the mediation of politics.
(c) Direct democracy is more beneficial than
representative one due to the ease of protests
and trust in the mediation of politics.
M
(d) Youth should have the freedom to contribute
to the politics of the nation even in an
C
extremist and radicalized form.
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Passage – 4
Climate change is radically redefining the geography,
biodiversity, and political units of the Arctic. The extent
of sea ice in the Arctic is shrinking. The “twilight of the
Arctic ice” would devastate many habitats. The plight of
polar bears, for example, has become a symbol of global
warming in the Arctic due to the cascading impacts of
sea ice loss. Polar bears that do survive are less likely to
produce healthy offspring, reducing the population over
generations. Scarcer food sources also drive polar bears
into more contact with human populations, often relying
on trash heaps for nutrition. This food source impacts the
health of polar bears and increases the incidents of
conflict with human communities in the Arctic.
33. Which of the following statements best reflects
the crux of the passage?
(a) Polar bears are the worst sufferers of climate
change in the Arctic.
(b) Habitat, food, and reproduction of polar
bears can be conserved by minimizing their
conflicts with humans.
(c) Sea ice loss due to climate change has put
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the survival of polar bears in question.
(d) Conservation of sea ice in the Arctic should
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be the highest priority for the protection of
polar bears.
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Passage – 5
N
Increasing connectivity alone will not help in the goal of
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granting universal access to higher quality and inclusive
education. Granting universal access implies making
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sure that the benefits of education and technology are
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accessible to everyone; this means, also to girls and to
children and youth belonging to minorities, indigenous
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and marginalized groups, refugees, and displaced
learners, as well as children with disabilities. Today,
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women and girls are 25 per cent less likely than men to
T
know how to leverage digital technology for basic
A
purposes. According to the Equals.org partnership,
women represent just 6 per cent of software developers;
overall, the proportion of all women using the Internet
globally is 48 per cent against 58 per cent of all men.
©Vision IAS
34. Which of the following statements best reflects 36. Select the answer figure that can replace the

the crux of the passage? question mark (?) in the following series.

(a) Information Technology education must be

given in schools to ensure that there is

gender equality in the digital world. (a)

(b) Increasing connectivity has caused a wide

gap in digital education between women and

men.
(b)
(c) Digital empowerment of the vulnerable is

dependent on access to inclusive technology

and education.

(d) The need for increasing connectivity reflects

(c)
the existing lacunae in the implementation

of right to education.

35. Group the following figures into three classes on

(d)

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the basis of identical properties.

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L
N
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37. Consider the following marks obtained by 30
students of Class IX of a school (out of a total of
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100 marks):
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10 20 36 92 95 40 50 56 60 70
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92 88 80 70 72 70 36 40 36 40
E

92 40 50 50 56 60 70 60 60 88
T

What is the frequency of 40 marks?

(a) (1, 3, 7), (2, 5, 8), (4, 6, 9)
(a) 3
A

(b) (1, 8, 9), (2, 3, 5), (4, 6, 7)

(b) 6
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(c) (4, 8, 9), (1, 2, 5), (3, 6, 7) (c) 4

C

(d) (4, 5, 9), (1, 3, 8), (2, 6, 7) (d) 2

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38. An airline has a certain free luggage allowance
and charges for excess luggage at a certain rate
per kg. Two passengers, A and B have a
combined 90 kg of luggage with them, and are
charged Rs. 1600 and Rs. 3200 respectively for
excess luggage. Had the entire luggage belonged
to one of them, the excess luggage charge would
have been Rs. 6000. What is the weight of B's
luggage?
42. Consider the following statements:
1. In a 12-hour clock the hour, the minute, and
the second hands of the clock will coincide
11 times from 6 p.m. of present-day to 6 a.m.
of next day.
2. The minute hand and second hand of a clock
cross each other 26 times between 6:15 to
6:41?

(a) 55 kg Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(b) 20 kg (a) 1 only
(c) 15 kg (b) 2 only
(d) 25 kg (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
39. The minute-hand of a clock overtakes the hour-
hand at intervals of 70 minutes of the correct
time. How much in a week does the clock gain 43. Consider the following statements:

or lose? Statement-1: If May 1 is Saturday, then

(a) 10(10/11) hours gain November month of the same year starts with the
(b) 10(20/11) hours lose same day.

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(c) 10(20/11) hours gain

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Statement-2: From 2023 to 2123, there are 25
(d) 10(10/11) hours lose years in which February has 29 days.

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Which of the above statements is/are correct?
At what time between 9 and 10 o’clock will the
N
40.
(a) 1 only
hands of a clock be at 180°?
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(b) 2 only
(a) 16(7/11) minutes past 9
(c) Both 1 and 2
L

(b) 16(4/11) minutes past 9

IA

(c) 16(8/11) minutes past 9 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

(d) 15(4/11) minutes past 9

R

44. If today is Tuesday, then which day is it exactly

E

41. At what angle are the hands of a clock inclined

on 100100th day?
T

at 45 minutes past 7?
(a) Wednesday
A

(a) 47.5°
(b) Thursday
(b) 27.5°
M

(c) 35.5° (c) Friday

C

(d) 37.5° (d) Saturday

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45. What was the day on 23rd June 1757? 48. In 1980, Indian Republic day was celebrated on
(a) Saturday Saturday. Subhash was born on 5th September in
(b) Thursday the same year. Arvind is 5 days younger to
(c) Friday Subhash while Arunima is 2 days elder to
(d) Wednesday Arvind. Find out on which days of the week
were Arvind and Arunima born?

Direction for the following 2 (two) items: (a) Wednesday and Monday respectively

Consider the following information and answer the two (b) Saturday and Friday respectively

items that follow. (c) Sunday and Tuesday respectively

(d) Tuesday and Sunday respectively
A company provides a total of thirty-nine bonus holidays
to its 6 hardworking employees – John, Robin, Kate,
Directions for the following 4 (four) items:
Emma, Jack and Tony such that each employee gets at
Read the following two passages and answer the items
least 4 holidays and no two employees get the same
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
number of holidays.
should be based on the passages only.
Some more information is given about the bonus
Passage – 1
holidays:
The increased urbanization has changed the land cover
1. John gets one and half times the number of holidays
types in cities from permeable land to anthropogenic
that Robin gets.
impervious surfaces. In cities, the high degree of
2. Emma gets exactly 7 holidays.
coverage of land by buildings has dramatically increased

E
3. Tony gets more holidays than each of Kate and
the volumes of water runoff. Impervious surfaces (e.g.,

IN
Robin, but less than that of John.
constructed surfaces, roofs, roads, parking lots,
46. The total number of holidays of Emma and Tony driveways, sidewalks) alter the natural hydrological

L
(taken together) is equal to the total number of conditions by increasing the volume and rate of surface
holidays (taken together) of N
runoff and decreasing groundwater recharge and base
.O
(a) Jack and Kate flow. This results in more extensive and frequent local
(b) Robin and John flooding and reduced water supplies for urban and
L

(c) Robin and Tony suburban areas. Moreover, other direct environmental
IA

(d) Emma and Kate impacts include the degradation of water resources
R

quality when surface runoff transports nonpoint source

E

47. The total number of holidays of Emma, Robin, pollutants from their source areas to receiving lakes and
T

Kate and Jack is equal to streams. Pollutants which are either dissolved or
suspended in water or are associated with sediment,
A

(a) 22
(b) 21 including nutrients, heavy metals, oil and grease, and
M

(c) Either (a) or (b) hydrocarbons can accumulate and be washed away from
C

(d) Can’t be determined impervious surfaces by runoff.

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49. Based on the above passage, the following 51. Which of the following is/are the most rational
assumptions have been made:
and logical inference/inferences that can be
1. Conservation of wildlife while urbanising
should be ensured for a better human-nature made from the passage?
balance.
1. Despite their benefits, too much dependence
2. The neglect of principles of sustainable
urbanization has caused issues related to on GM crops can be risky for food security
water in urban areas.
in future.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
(a) 1 only 2. Considering the ethically sensitive nature of
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 GM crops, they must be handled by people
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 with high morals.

50. Which of the following statements best reflects Select the correct answer from the code given
the crux of the passage? below:
(a) Disturbance in the natural hydrological
cycle caused by humans has led to the (a) 1 only
decline in the quality of water resources. (b) 2 only
(b) Considering the extensive water pollution,
deurbanization is the need of the hour. (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Conversion of impervious surfaces to (d) Neither 1 nor 2
permeable land is important for restoring the
natural hydrological cycle.

E
(d) The cities face diverse consequences of
52. With reference to the passage, which one of the

IN
rampant urbanization.
Passage – 2 following statements is correct?
GM crops are plants that have been modified, using

L
(a) Production of GM crop seeds must be done
genetic engineering, to alter their DNA sequences to
provide some beneficial trait. For example, genetic N
in bulk for minimizing single-point failure
.O
engineering can improve crop yield, resulting in greater
in future.
production of the target crop. Scientists can also engineer
L

pest-resistant crops, helping local farmers better (b) GM crops can ensure nutrition for people
withstand environmental challenges that might
IA

facing malnutrition.
otherwise wipe out a whole season of produce. However,
GM seeds are produced primarily by only a few large (c) There is a need for GM crops policy to
R

companies that own the intellectual property for genetic

prevent monopoly and its misuse in the
E

variations. A transition to GM crops would closely align

T

global food production with the activities of a few key market.

companies. From an economic standpoint, that poses a
A

(d) The extent of the positive impact of GM

risk to long-term food security by creating the potential
M

for a single-point failure. If that company failed, then the crops depends on the companies that
crop it provides would not be available to the people who
C

depend on that crop. manufacture their seeds.

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53. Age of a woman is the same as her husband's age with 56. Select the answer figure that should come next
the digits reversed. The difference between their ages is in the following figure series.
one-eleventh of their sum. If the woman is older than
her husband, then the sum of the ages of the woman
and her husband is:
(a) 85 years
(b) 89 years
(c) 99 years (a)
(d) 90 years

54. A paper is folded and then cut as shown below.

(b)

How will it appear when unfolded?

(a)

(c)

(b)

E
(d)

IN
L
(c)

N
.O

57. The letters A, B, C, D, U, V, W, X, Y and Z are

L

substituted by ten integers 1 to 10 but not in that

IA

(d) None of these order. U is substituted by 2. The difference

between the numerical substitutes for U and Z is
R

55. In an amusement park, exactly 20.25% of the 8, and that between the substitutes for Z and A
visitors visited the pool section. What must be
E

is 4. What is the integer that substituted A?

the minimum number of people who must have
T

(a) 7
visited the amusement park?
(b) 5
A

(a) 100
(c) 9
M

(b) 400
(c) 200 (d) 6
C

(d) 800
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Directions for the following 2 (two) items: Passage – 2

Read the following two passages and answer the items Electric vehicles are the key technology to decarbonise

that follow each passage. Your answers to these items road transport, a sector that accounts for over 15% of

should be based on the passages only. global energy-related emissions. Recent years have seen

exponential growth in the sale of electric vehicles

Passage – 1
together with improved range, wider model availability
Stories hold an important role in the theory and practice
and increased performance. Passenger electric cars are
of psychoanalysis. Their power derives in part from the
surging in popularity – it's estimated that 18% of new
fact that humans are biologically programmed for
cars sold in 2023 will be electric. If the growth
storytelling. Stories foster connection with socialization
experienced in the past two years is sustained, CO2
and identity formation. They are integral to all
emissions from cars can by 2030 be put on a pathway
psychoanalytic theories of therapeutic action, and their
aligned with the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE)
telling is therapeutic. A positive outcome of analytic Scenario. Sales in developing and emerging economies
treatment has the individual emerging with an open- have been slow due to the relatively high purchase price
ended story that encompasses the past, present, and of an electric vehicle and a lack of charging

future. Finally, they can demonstrate how shared stories infrastructure availability.

E
consolidate group identities, uphold, and perpetuate a 59. Which of the following is/are the most rational

IN
group's power over others, and perpetuate racial and and logical inference/inferences that can be

ethnic stereotypes. made from the passage?

L
1. Merely selling electric cars will not solve the
58. Which one of the following statements best
N
issue of carbon emissions.
.O
reflects the crux of the passage?
2. Electric vehicles are not yet a viable
(a) The impact of stories on individuals and
L

replacement for traditional fuel vehicles in

IA

society depends on their type and how

many countries.
they’re told.
R

Select the correct answer from the code given

(b) Healing capacity of stories impacts not only
E

below:
T

individuals, but also society.

(a) 1 only
A

(c) In the context of social relations, the impact (b) 2 only

M

of stories is a double-edged sword. (c) Both 1 and 2

C

(d) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither 1 nor 2

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60. A virus reproduces by dividing itself into two 63.
every minute. If the death rate is negligible, then
which of the following curves may represent the
population growth of the virus?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
64.
61. Alisha goes to the market shortly after 7:00 p.m.
and observes that the hands of her watch form an
angle of 100°. Returning before 8:00 p.m. she
notices that again the hands of her watch form
an angle of 100°. For how much time has she
A number is divided into 4 parts, all of which are
integers. Twice the first part of this number,
thrice the second part and four times the third
part are equal. It is also given that six times the
second part, eight times the third part and five
times the last part are equal. Which of the
following is not always true?
(a) First part is divisible by 6.
(b) The sum of the third and fourth parts is
divisible by 13.
(c) Third part is divisible by 4.
(d) The product of the last part and any other
part is divisible by 5.
A lady is 3 years younger than her husband. Her
husband is four times as old as their daughter. If
the daughter becomes 15 years old after 3 years,
what must be the sum of the present ages of the
husband and the wife?
(a) 95 years

E
been away from her home? (b) 96 years

IN
(a) 40 minutes (c) 90 years
(b) 45 minutes (d) 93 years

L
(c) 32 minutes
(d) 36 minutes 65. N
If 22nd October 2023 is Sunday, then what was
.O
the day on 22nd October 1623?
62. Consider the following statements: (a) Wednesday
L

1. Between 7:35 hours and 7:38 hours the (b) Thursday

IA

hands of a clock are together for once.

(c) Sunday
2. Between 7:24 hours and 7:26 hours the
R

(d) Saturday
clock shows 65o angle between the two
E

hands for once.

66. The calendar of 2027 will be similar to that of:
T

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 2032
A

(a) 1 only
(b) 2034
(b) 2 only
M

(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 2037

C

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) 2038

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67. In an equation # –$ + @ ÷ * there are four 69. If 8th September 2005 happens to be a Monday,
symbols @, #, $ and* whose values can be 18, then what will be the day on 5th June 2095?
4, 1 and 16 but not in the same order. If the value (a) Wednesday
of # –$ + @ ÷ * is 21, then what can be the value
(b) Thursday
of @?
(c) Friday
(a) 18
(d) Monday
(b) 1
(c) 4
(d) 16 Direction for the following 2 (two) items:
Consider the following information and answer the two
68. Consider the two Statements given below items that follow.
regarding a married couple and the Question that
Five friends P, Q, R, S and T are engaged in five different
follows:
occupations. They are Bank employee, Doctor, Teacher,
Statement-1: The lady remembers that they got
Shop owner and Engineer, not necessarily in that order.
married in the month of February of the year
1955 on a weekend, since she was working on They stay in different cities viz. Shimla, Ranchi, Patna,

other days from Monday to Friday, but before Bhubaneswar and Dehradun.
the 13th of February. R is a Bank employee, staying in Ranchi. Q owns a book
Statement-2: The man remembers that he shop in Dehradun. P's house is in Shimla, and he is not

E
celebrated his 21st birthday on 3rd February,
an Engineer. The teacher, S, lives in Bhubaneswar. The

IN
1955 as a bachelor and it was a Thursday. He
Engineer does not stay in Dehradun.
remembers that it was a Sunday when he got
70. At which of the following places does the Doctor

L
married.
Question: On which date in the year 1955 was stay?
N
.O
their wedding held? (a) Dehradun
Which one of the following is correct in respect (b) Ranchi
L

of the Statements and the Question? (c) Shimla

IA

(a) Statement-1 alone is sufficient to the answer

(d) Bhubaneswar
of the Question
R

(b) Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the

E

71. Who among the following stays in Patna ?

Question
T

(c) Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are (a) P

A

required together to answer the Question (b) Q

M

(d) Even Statement-1 and Statement-2 together (c) S

C

are not sufficient to answer the Question (d) T

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72. 16 years ago Tanya's grandfather was 8 times 74. From the given answer figures, select the one in
her age. Her grandfather would be 3 times of her which the question figure is hidden/embedded.
Question Figure:
age 8 years from now. 8 years ago, what was the
ratio of Tanya’s age to that of her
grandfather’s?
(a) 8:29
Answer Figures:
(b) 7:29
(a)
(c) 29:8
(d) 11:53

(b)
73. For the question figure give below, which
answer figure will complete the pattern in the
question figure? (c)
Question Figure:

(d)

Answer Figures:

E
(a)
75. Select the answer figure that can replace the

IN
question mark (?) in the following series.

L
(b)
N
.O
(a)
L
IA

(b)
(c)
R
E
T

(c)
A

(d)
M
C

(d) None of these

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Directions for the following 5 (five) items:
Read the following four passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
Passage – 2
One of the most significant steps in the mitigation of
smoking behaviour was the ban on smoking in public

Passage – 1 places. With that move, an individual choice that had

Climate change, unlike many other issues, requires a
only personal consequences was transformed into a
wholesale transformation of our economies and
societies. No corner will go untouched – energy, problem with social consequences. A behaviour with
industry, agriculture, transport, institutions, individuals
implications for society puts an even larger
and more will need to make changes to reduce emissions
and adapt to climate consequences that are already responsibility on the individual to act responsibly.

happening. Having a plan helps countries understand and Similarly, such behaviours as over-speeding, driving
orchestrate the many different elements required to
under the influence of alcohol, etc., that could harm not
reduce emissions and adapt to protect lives and
livelihoods, as soon as possible. Every bit of warming just the individual driver, but also innocent fellow
matters. With urgent and ambitious action, the world will motorists or pedestrians demand the exercise of greater
avoid surpassing a threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius, after
responsibility by the person at the steering wheel. Any
which climate impacts would become even worse than
they already are. Nationally Determined Contributions increase in fines for those unlawful driving behaviours
(NDCs) factor in the understanding that countries must
that have potential social consequences would have

E
balance emissions reductions with other critical demands
surely received applause from people at large.

IN
like ending poverty. Further, the biggest emitters need to
make the most dramatic and rapid cuts. 77. Which of the following statements best reflects

L
76. According to the author, the most rational
what the passage implies?
inference is:
(a) With the varied demands of economies and
N
(a) Welfare of individuals can be connected to
.O

societies, it’s difficult to cut emissions in

the welfare of society using external
L

countries like India.

interventions.
IA

(b) Every country in the world must work

towards the prevention of surpassing the 1.5 (b) Penalty through an increase in fines will
R

degrees Celsius temperature threshold.

solve the issue of road accidents.
E

(c) Before finalizing NDCs, every country in

(c) Social behaviour as per decided norms is
T

the world must come on the same platform

A

to ensure their proper implementation. critical for social acceptance.

(d) Controlling emissions is critical for
M

(d) Any kind of substance abuse done by the

addressing climate change as well as
C

poverty alleviation. youth can be dangerous for social harmony.

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 Passage – 3
There is always a crucial link between “National
Governance” and “Internal Security”. If Internal
Security is not maintained Governance cannot be
delivered and there would be grave threats to the very
unity and integrity of the country. Likewise, Internal
Security cannot be safeguarded if Governance is
delivered by an inefficient and corrupt administration. In
the simplest terms, governance relates to the effective
management of national affairs at all levels of
functioning – guaranteeing the country’s unity and
integrity and securing the safety and overall welfare of
its people. For the attainment of these objectives, it
would be essential that political, economic, executive
and judicial authority is exercised in a manner which
ensures that the people are enabled to enjoy their rights,
discharge their obligations, and resolve their disputes
within the parameters of the Constitution and the Rule of
Law.
78. Which of the following statements best reflects
the crux of the passage?
(a) People can enjoy their rights and discharge
their obligations in India, only when there is
a safe and strong government at the centre.
(b) For a safe and secure environment, there is
a need to enhance efficiency and
communication in governance.
(c) Internal security of the nation is not possible
without proper governance based on
constitutional principles and adherence to
the rule of law.
(d) People must follow the constitution for
M
enjoying their rights and resolve their
C
disputes.
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Passage - 4
Migration has been the focus of intense political debate
in recent years. While most people have positive
perceptions about immigrants, there are misconceptions
and concerns. For instance, some think that migrants are
a burden on economies. World Economic Outlook looks
at the economic impact of migration on recipient
countries and finds that migration generally improves
economic growth and productivity in host countries.
Immigrants in advanced economies increase output and
productivity both in the short and medium term. But the
pandemic has led to an abrupt stop to migration. While
the Great Lockdown was temporary, the pandemic may
add to a general sentiment of reticence and disbelief in
openness and have longer-term effects on countries’
willingness to receive migrants. Less immigration and
high unemployment in destination economies would hurt
origin countries, especially poorer ones, that rely
significantly on the remittances that migrant workers
send back home.
79. Based on the above passage, the following
assumptions have been made:
1. Not only destination economies, but also the
origin countries could be severely impacted
E
by the pandemic.
2. Labour source nations suffer from
IN
challenges of poverty, corruption and brain
drain, limiting their growth potential.
L
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only N
.O
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
L
IA
80. Which of the following statements best reflects
the crux of the passage?
R
(a) Origin and host countries share a symbiotic
relationship in the context of migration.
E
(b) Immigration, along with boosting the
T
economy, helps transfer the culture of the
A
origin country.
(c) Migration acts as a double-edged sword for
destination and origin countries.
(d) Origin countries should promote migration
for obtaining a high share of remittances.
©Vision IAS
 VISIONIAS
www.visionias.in
ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS
GENERAL STUDIES (P) TEST – 4291 (2024)

1 (a)
Total time from 6:00 a.m. on Friday to 9:00 p.m. on Saturday = 24 + 12 + 3 = 39 hours
In first hour, it gains 3 sec in 5 min. So, in first hour it gains (3/5)×60 = 36 sec.
In second hour, it loses 6 sec in 5 min. So, in second hour it loses (6/5)×60 = 72 sec.
So, in 2 hours it loses 72 – 36 = 36 sec.
So, in 38 hours it loses (36/2) × 38 = 684 sec.
In 39th hour, it will gain 36 + (39 - 1)36 = 36×39 = 1404 sec.
So, total gain in time = 1404 - 684 = 720 sec = 12 mins.
So, the time displayed by the clock at 9 p.m. on Saturday = 9:00 p.m. + 12 minutes = 9:12 p.m.
So, option (a) is correct.

2 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect. The main theme of the passage is awareness and perception of commercial
nuclear energy. However, the given option mentions safe development of new reactors which is not the
core theme of the passage. Hence, this option is not the most rational inference of the passage.
Option (b) is correct. The lines “This perception is often based on three global nuclear accidents, its
false association with nuclear weapons, and how it is portrayed on popular television shows and films”
and “DOE also works to provide accurate, fact-based information about nuclear energy through its
social media and STEM outreach efforts to educate the public on the benefits of nuclear energy”, show
that DOE has taken various steps to address the perception issues of commercial nuclear power.
Option (c) is incorrect. The given option is not a rational inference because it does not include the
context of changing perceptions about nuclear power. Hence, as per the passage, this is not correct.

E
Option (d) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because the role of the people in busting false

IN
perception of nuclear energy is not discussed in the passage. Hence, this is not the most logical inference
of the passage.
L
3 (b)
N
Option (a) is incorrect. The context of the role of the global organizations in preventing the spread of
invasive species is not a part of the passage. Hence, this option is not the best crux of the passage.
.O

Option (b) is correct. The given option is the best crux of the passage as can be seen in the lines “The
global economy, with increased transport of goods and travel, has facilitated the movement of live species
over long distances and beyond natural boundaries” and “… tremendous impact on the health of plants,
L

animals and even humans—threatening lives and affecting food security and ecosystem health. Their
IA

negative impact on the economy costs countries billions of dollars…”

Option (c) is incorrect. The option could be a rational implication which explains what should be done to
prevent the spread of invasive species causing dire socio-economic consequences, but it is not the crux as
R

it does not present the summary of the passage. Also, eradication of species at their origin or source
E

sounds a bit extreme. Hence, this option is not the best crux of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The context of proper regulations for the prevention of the spread of invasive
T

species is not a part of the passage. Hence, this option is not the best crux of the passage.
A

4 (d)
M

Option (a) is not correct. The statement mentioned is correct, but it is not the most rational message
conveyed by the author. The passage revolves around the central idea of how women could be involved in
C

cities as equal participants. Hence, it is not a correct option.

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P
 Option (b) is not correct. The passage revolves around the central idea of how women can be made to
feel safe and involved in cities. Improvement in social infrastructure is among the many steps that can be
taken for the inclusion of women in cities. The passage does not mention that it’s the most important
factor. Hence, it is not a correct option.
Option (c) is not correct. “Men devoting more time to household work” is not mentioned in the passage
and therefore is beyond the scope of the passage. Hence, it is not a correct option.
Option (d) is correct. To make women feel safe, secure and inclusive in cities several steps in terms of
governance, urban planning need to be taken. The passage says that “Change is needed in many arenas
including physical and social infrastructure, safe spaces, services such as transport and response to
gender-based violence”. It further says that “The public domain needs to be made more gender
friendly and inclusive of all people of diverse ages, socio-economic statuses, genders, abilities, and
ethnicities”. Hence, it is a correct option.

5 (c)
337 days = 48 weeks + 1 day
The yearly calendar will repeat after 7 years when the 7 odd days add up to make a week.
So, option (c) is correct.

6 (b)
At 10 o’clock, the hour hand is at 10 and the minute hand is at 12, i.e., they are 50 minutes spaces apart.
To be together, the minute hand must gain 50 minutes over the hour hand.
Now, 55 minutes spaces will be gained in 60 minutes.
So, 50 minutes spaces will be gained in ((60/55)×50) = 600/11 = 54(6/11) minutes.
The hands will coincide at 54(6/11) minutes past 10.
So, option (b) is correct.

7 (b)
Given sequence: 5 e c 7 2 9 8 y 7 5 6 # 1 k 8 6 g 8 7 2 f 4 5 4 * 6
Digits preceded by a consonant and followed by a prime number are: (c 7 2); (y 7 5); (g 8 7) and (f 4 5)
So, required value = 4
So, option (b) is correct.

8 (a)
Clearly, we have:
A = B - 300 ...(i)

E
D = E - 500 ...(ii)

IN
A + C = 2E ...(iii)
B + D = A + C = 2E ...(iv)
A + B + C + D + E = 4500 ...(v) L
Or 2E + 2E + E = 4500 (Since, B + D = A + C = 2E)
N

Or 5E = 4500
Or E = Rs. 900
.O

D = E - 500 = 900 - 500 = Rs. 400

B + D = 2E
Or B = 2E - D = 2×900 - 400 = Rs. 1400
L

A = B - 300 = 1400 - 300 = Rs. 1100

IA

A + C = 2E
Or C = 2E - A = 2×900 - 1100 = Rs. 700
So, option (a) is correct.
R
E

9 (d)
T
A
M

Except , all are punctuation marks. So, it is different from the rest.
C

So, option (d) is correct.

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10 (d)
P – Q = (0.2 X + 0.32 Y) – (0.25 X + 0.25 Y)
= 0.07 Y – 0.05 X
P – Q may be positive or negative depending on values of X and Y. So, nothing can be concluded.
So, option (d) is correct.

11 (c)
L = 50
C = 100
D = 500
M = 1000
Clearly, D + D = M
So, option (c) is correct.

12 (b)
Let the fixed amount be Rs. x and varying amount be Rs. y per unit.
We are given,
x + 350y = 3040 ...............(1)
x + 436y = 3728 ...............(2)
On solving equation (1) and (2), we get:
x = 240 and y = 8
∴ Amount of bill for 523 units = 240 + 523×8 = Rs. 4424
So, option (b) is correct.
Explanation for Questions 13 and 14:
One of them is a volleyball player and studies English and History. M is a boxer. The boxer studies
Mathematics and Accounts.
Person Sports Subjects
Volleyball English, History
M Boxing Mathematics, Accounts

Both badminton players study Mathematics. One badminton player also studies Physics.

E
Person Sports Subjects

IN
Volleyball English, History
M Boxing Mathematics, Accounts
Badminton Mathematics, Physics L
Badminton Mathematics
N

J and K play badminton. J studies Science.

So, Final arrangement:
.O

Person Sports Subjects

L Volleyball English, History
L

M Boxing Mathematics, Accounts

IA

K Badminton Mathematics, Physics

J Badminton Mathematics, Science
R

13 (a)
E

14 (a)
T
A

15 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage is not about the type of leadership in the workplace but about certain
M

differences in the approach of young generations and past generations towards their professional lives.
Further, the passage only says that the “command and control leadership is questioned” and not that
C

command and control leadership is NOT successful.

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 Option (b) is correct. This statement captures the crux of the passage which is how the approach of
young generation towards their professional lives differs from that of past generations. Passage says that
younger generation “expedite their progress up the ladder” and “gladly jump the ship” unlike past
generations who used to see their jobs as a “surety in a world of uncertainty”. This confirms risk taking
ability of young generations.
Option (c) is incorrect as the passage does not compare professional successes of young and old
generations. It only indicates that young generation does not bother much about job security. Faster career
progression is more important for them. Moreover the author has given us no clue regarding what ‘being
successful’ means to him. The given statement is beyond the scope of this passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage only talks about how past generations preferred sticking to a single
job throughout their career, whereas young generations are more likely to switch their jobs to meet their
career ambitions. There is no ethical analysis involved here. Hence, the given statement is incorrect.

16 (c)
Statement 1 is correct. The passage clearly says, “Zhengzhou in Henan province was one of the most
enthusiastic pioneers of sponge city construction, allocating nearly 60 billion yuan to the
programme from 2016 to 2021”. These lines imply that heavy investment is needed for the development
of Sponge cities. Hence, it is a correct statement.
Statement 2 is correct. A number of activities are associated with sponge cities. The passage says
“Those solutions included the use of permeable asphalt, the construction of new canals and ponds
and also the restoration of wetlands”. From these lines, it is clear that sponge cities initiative includes
wetland restoration, which is an environmentally sustainable initiative. Hence, it is a correct statement.

17 (b)
Statement (a) is not correct. China has recently been hit by floods, causing heavy damage in urban areas.
However, the central theme of the passage revolves around the initiative of “sponge city” and its
effectiveness in controlling floods. Therefore, this statement cannot be said to reflect the crux of the
passage. Hence, it is not a correct statement.
Statement (b) is correct. The passage revolves around the efficiency of sponge cities in controlling urban
floods. The passage mentions the launch of the sponge city initiative, its working, and how effective it is
in regulating floods and drought. The passage says, “The sponge city initiative was designed to make
greater use of lower-impact “nature-based solutions”. It further says, “Even if sponge city measures
had been implemented in full, they would have been unable to prevent this year’s disasters”.
Therefore, it can be considered as the crux of the passage.
Statement (c) is not correct. According to the passage, Chinese cities are vulnerable to drought and

E
floods. However, nowhere is it mentioned that drought and floods occur simultaneously. Hence, it is not

IN
a correct statement.
Statement (d) is not correct. It is not mentioned in the passage that sponge city initiative is aligned with
the climate goals of China. Hence, it is not a correct statement. L
N

18 (a)
Total hours from 5 a.m. on Friday to 11 a.m. on next day = 30 hours
.O

The time gained by the hand watch in this duration = (8 + 12) = 20 minutes
So, the hand watch gains 20 minutes in 30 hours
So, the hand watch gains 8 minutes in (30/20)×8 = 12 hours
L

Required time = 5 a.m. on Friday + 12 hours = 5 p.m. on Friday

IA

Thus, the watch shows the correct time at 5 p.m. on Friday.

So, option (a) is correct.
R

19 (a)
Difference in minutes between the two clocks in one hour = 5 – 3 = 2 minutes
E

Total number of hours from 6 a.m. today to 10 p.m. on next day = 24 + 12 + 4 = 40 hours
T

Difference in minutes between the two clocks in 40 hours = 2 × 40 = 80 minutes

So, option (a) is correct.
A
M

20 (d)
The time shown by the mirror image of the clock = 12 hours – 4 hours 35 minutes = 7 hours 25 minutes
C

So, option (d) is correct.

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21 (b)
It is given that birthday of X = 8th June, 1996 = Monday
First birthday of X = 8th June, 1997 = Tuesday {since in non-leap year there is 1 odd day, hence Monday
+ 1 = Tuesday}
Second birthday of X = 8th June, 1998 = Wednesday
Third birthday of X = 8th June, 1999 = Thursday
Fourth birthday of X = 8th June, 2000 = Saturday {since in leap year there are 2 odd days, hence Thursday
+ 2 = Saturday}
Fifth birthday of X = 8th June, 2001 = Sunday
Sixth birthday of X = 8th June, 2002 = Monday
Seventh birthday of X = 8th June, 2003 = Tuesday
Eight birthday of X = 8th June, 2004 = Thursday {since in leap year there are 2 odd days, hence Tuesday +
2 = Thursday}
Number of times his birthday fell on Saturdays or Wednesdays from 1997 to 2004 = 2
Therefore, he goes to temple = 8 - 2 = 6 times
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

22 (a)
Let the present ages of P, P's son and P's father be x years, y years and z years respectively.
At present, the sum of the ages of P's father and P is 120 years.
So, x + z = 120
Or x = 120 - z
When P will be as old as P's father is now, P will be six times as old as P's son is now.
So, z = 6y
But at that time P's son will be seven years older than what P is now.
So, y + (z - x) = x + 7
Or y + z = 2x + 7
Or y + z = 2(120 - z) + 7 (since, x = 120 -z)
Or y + 3z = 247
Or y + 3×6y = 247 (since, z = 6y)
Or 19y = 247

E
Or y = 13

IN
So, z = 6y = 6×13 = 78 years
And x = 120 - z = 120 - 78 = 42 years
After 10 years, P's age = x + 10 = 42 + 10 = 52 years.
L
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
N

23 (c)
.O

Income on the 1st day of his business = x

Income on the 2nd day of his business = 3x
L

Income on the 3rd day of his business = 3 × (3x) = (3)2 x

IA

Income on the 4th day of his business = 3 × (3)2 x = (3)3 x

So, Income on the pth day of his business = (3)p – 1 x
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
R

Explanation for Questions 24 to 26:

E

The one who likes Dehradun works in the field of Information Technology only with T. Thus, only 2
T

people work in the field of Information Technology.

A

V neither works with T nor in the field of Finance. So, V works in the field of Healthcare. V does not like
M

Mukteshwar.
Z works with V. So, Z also works in the field of Healthcare.
C

W likes Ranikhet.
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 Person Field Hill station
Information Dehradun
Technology
T Information
Technology
V Healthcare Mukteshwar
Z Healthcare
W Ranikhet

X works with only one person. X does not like Dehradun and does not work in Healthcare. So, X works in
the field of Finance with only one another person. Thus, it is clear that three persons work in the field of
Healthcare.
Person Field Hill station
U/Y Information Dehradun
Technology
T Information
Technology
V Healthcare Mukteshwar
Z Healthcare
W Healthcare/Finance Ranikhet
X Finance
U/Y Healthcare/Finance
Y likes Badrinath.
Person Field Hill station
U Information Dehradun
Technology
T Information
Technology
V Healthcare Mukteshwar
Z Healthcare
W Healthcare/Finance Ranikhet

E
X Finance

IN
Y Healthcare/Finance Badrinath
The one who likes Mukteshwar works with the one who likes Rishikesh. So, they work in field of
L
Healthcare because three persons work in the field of Healthcare.
Y works with the one who likes Nainital. W does not work with Y.
N

Final arrangement:
.O

Person Field Hill station

U Information Dehradun
Technology
L

T Information Mussoorie
IA

Technology
V Healthcare Rishikesh
Z Healthcare Mukteshwar
R

W Healthcare Ranikhet
E

X Finance Nainital
Y Finance Badrinath
T
A

24 (b)
Y works in Finance field and likes Badrinath hill station.
M

25 (c)
C

V works in Healthcare sector and likes Rishikesh hill station.

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26 (c)
Except (X, Y) all others work in different fields.

27 (d)
Minimum number of matches that must be played = 45 - 1 = 44
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

28 (d)
Let the husband’s age be x.
Let the wife’s age be y.
Let the son’s age be z.
According to the question,
x + 2y + 3z = 85 ...............(1)
3x + 6y + 9z = 255
x + 2y + 3z = 85 ............(2)
4x + 8y + 12z = 340
x + 2y + 3z = 85 ..........(3)
All the three equations are essentially the same. Hence, the above system of equations will give no unique
solution.
Thus, the son's age can't be determined.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

29 (a)
Statement 1 is correct. Lampedusa, a Sicilian island, is situated nearer to Africa than mainland Italy. It is
a popular destination for migrant traffickers as well. These facts indicate towards its accessibility to
African migrants. Hence, it is a correct statement.
Statement 2 is not correct. The Italian government has urged the European Union to join efforts in
seeking Tunisia’s cooperation in controlling smuggling operations. However, the passage does not
mention that the number of migrants coming to Italy has decreased as a result of this. Hence, it is not a
correct statement.

30 (b)
Option (a) is not correct. People migrate to other countries and regions for multiple reasons. However,
the passage does not mention any reason as to why people migrate. Hence, it is not a correct option.
Option (b) is correct. According to the passage, 41 people recently died in a boat accident. Despite these

E
accidents, the migrants continue to emigrate to Italy. The passage says that “there have been numerous

IN
shipwrecks of smugglers' boats leaving from Tunisia bound for Italy”. The passage further says that
“more than 93,000 migrants have arrived in Italy so far this year, more than twice the 45,000 who
arrived during the same period in 2022”. This implies that even after the danger of accidents, people
L
continue to migrate. Hence, it is a correct option.
N

Option (c) is not correct. Even though the reasons for migration can be divided into two factors of push
and pull, the passage does not mention or indicate such a classification. The answer statement should be
.O

within the scope of the information given in the passage. Therefore, it does not reflect the crux of the
passage. Hence, it is not a correct option.
Option (d) is not correct. The process of migration might have led to changes in the demography of host
L

countries, but the passage does not mention these. Hence, it is not a correct option.
IA

31 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect. The given option is incomplete in the sense that it only talks about the positive
R

impact of cell phones and ignores the other side of the story. But the passage also includes the negative
E

side of cell phones. Hence, this option is not correct.

Option (b) is correct. Consider the lines “While this change has done wonders for so many reasons,
T

research shows that excessive cell phone usage may have negative impacts on mental health.” It captures
the essence of the passage which is that cell phones are a good servant but a bad master. Hence, this is the
A

best crux of the passage.

M

Option (c) is incorrect. Giving up on cell phones as a solution to the problem of excessive use of phones
is not discussed in the passage. Thus, this option is beyond the scope of the passage and is incorrect.
C
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 Option (d) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because the context of analysing the users’
psychology behind the use of phones and working on the same to regulate the use of phones is not
discussed in the passage.

32 (b)
Option (a) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because the passage is specific to democracies
and does not talk about other political models. Hence this option is beyond the scope of the passage.
Option (b) is correct. Refer to the lines “… current climate of widespread mistrust in the
institutionalized and representative mediation of politics” and “… has led to greater familiarity with a
protest-based repertoire of opinions and/or actions, and an enhanced tendency towards extremism and
radicalization, particularly among younger generations.” These lines show that protest-based culture
arises due to the mistrust in the mediation of politics and eventually promotes extremism and
radicalisation in youth. Hence, to end extremism and radicalisation, it is important to build trust.
Option (c) is incorrect. The lines “In contemporary democracies, protest feeds on the difficulties
currently facing political representation and is expressed within the framework of direct rather than
representative democracy.” This shows that protest is expressed in the framework of direct democracy,
but this does not mean that it’s better than representative democracy, as the passage does not compare
them.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage does not mention extremist and radicalized youth contributing to
politics as a desired trait. Hence, this option is not correct.

33 (c)
Option (a) is incorrect. The polar bears being the worst sufferers of climate change is not mentioned in
the passage. The example of polar bears is chosen to highlight the impact of sea ice loss, but it has not
been compared to any other species to conclude that it is the worst sufferer. Hence, this is not the best
crux of the passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because it states that minimizing conflicts with
humans will conserve polar bears’ habitat, food, and reproduction. However, these issues of polar bears
are not majorly due to conflicts, but rather due to the loss of sea ice. Hence, this is not the best crux of the
passage.
Option (c) is correct. The lines “The plight of polar bears, for example, has become a symbol of global
warming in the Arctic due to the cascading impacts of sea ice loss. Polar bears that do survive are less
likely to produce healthy offspring, reducing the population over generations.” validate the given
statement. Hence, this is the best crux of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The given option seems to be correct, but it is not. It could be a rational

E
implication and not the crux of the passage. It highlights what should be done to protect polar bears, while

IN
the passage is more descriptive in nature.

34 (c) L
Option (a) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because the passage does not talk about
N

Information Technology education in schools.

Option (b) is incorrect. The line “Increasing connectivity alone will not help in the goal of granting
.O

universal access to higher quality and inclusive education”, highlights the potential of connectivity to
bridge the gaps in accessing education. However, the given option says that increasing connectivity has
caused a wide gap in digital education, which is incorrect. Hence, this option is not the best crux of the
L

passage.
IA

Option (c) is correct. The lines “Granting universal access implies making sure that the benefits of
education and technology are accessible to everyone; this means, also to girls and to children and youth
belonging to minorities, indigenous and marginalized groups, refugees, and displaced learners, as well as
R

children with disabilities.” These lines capture the essence of the passage. Hence, this is the best crux of
E

the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The given option is framed like an assumption and not like a crux. The passage
T

does not mention anything about right to education. Hence, this option is beyond the scope of the passage.
A

35 (b)
M

Figures (1, 8, 9) → Bisected by a straight line

Figures (2, 3, 5) → Intersected by a straight line
Figures (4, 6, 7) → Extended arm
C

Hence, option (b) is correct.

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36 (d)
From one figure to the next, only one component moves and the rest stay at the same position.
Components move in the following order:
First × moves, then the circle, and after that the triangle.
In the fifth figure × moves one step forward. So, in the sixth figure, circle will move one step forward.
So, the next figure formed will be:

Hence, option (d) is correct.

37 (c)
Frequency: In statistics the frequency (or absolute frequency) of an event is the number of times the event
occurred in an experiment or study.
In the given question the number of students who have obtained a certain number of marks will be called
as the frequency of that marks.
The count of number of students who have scored 40 marks in the above data is 4. Therefore, the
frequency of 40 marks is 4.
Hence, option (c) is correct.

38 (a)
Let weight limit of free luggage allowance be x kg.
A and B have a combined 90 kg of luggage with them, and are charged Rs. 1600 and Rs. 3200
respectively for excess luggage. So, if A has y kg extra luggage, then B must have 2y kg extra luggage.
So, A's luggage weight = (x + y) kg
B's luggage weight = (x + 2y) kg
Extra luggage = y + 2y = 3y kg
Rs. 4800 is the charge for 3y kg extra luggage.
So, Rs. 6000 will be the charge for (3y/4800) × 6000 i.e. (15y/4) kg extra luggage.

E
So, (x + y) + (x + 2y) = x + 15y/4
Or x + 3y = 15y/4

IN
Or x = 3y/4
According to the question, L
(x + y) + (x + 2y) = 90
Or 2x + 3y = 90
N

Or 2(3y/4) + 3y = 90 (since, x = 3y/4)

.O

Or 9y = 90 × 2
Or y = 20 kg
L

So, x = 3y/4 = 3 × 20/4 = 15 kg

So, B's luggage weight = x + 2y = 15 + (2×20) = 55 kg
IA

Hence, option (a) is correct.

R

39 (d)
E

In a correct clock, the hands of a clock coincide every 65(5/11) minutes.

But in this case, they are together again after every 70 minutes. Hence, the clock is slow and losing time.
T

Time lost in 70 minutes = 70 - 65(5/11) = 4(6/11) = (50/11) minutes

A

Time lost in one day (24×60 min.) = 24 × 60 × [(50/11)/70] minutes

Time lost in one week = 7 × 24 × 60 × [(50/11)/70] minutes = (7200/11) minutes = (7200/11)/60 hours =
M

10(10/11) hours
Thus, the clock loses 10(10/11) hours in a week.
C

Hence, option (d) is correct.

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40 (b)
At 9 o’clock, the hour is at 9 and the minutes hand is at 12, i.e., the two hands are 15 min. spaces apart.
The minute hand would have to cover extra 15 spaces in order to be opposite to the hour hand.
55 minutes are gained in 60 min.
15 minutes will be gained in ((60/55)×15) = 180/11 minutes = 16(4/11) minutes
The two hands will be in the same straight line but not together at 16(4/11) minutes past 9.
Hence, option (b) is correct.

41 (d)
Angle traced by hour hand in 1 hour = 360°/12 = 30°
Angle traced by hour hand in7 hours 45 minutes i.e. (31/4) hours = 30° × (31/4) = 232.5°
Angle traced by minute hand in 1 minute = 360°/60 = 6°
Angle traced by minute hand in 45 minutes = 6°×45 = 270°
Therefore, the required difference in angles = 270° - 232.5° = 37.5°
Hence, option (d) is correct.

42 (c)
Statement 1:
In 12 hours, all 3 hands will coincide 11 times. They will coincide only once between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m.
But in all other instances, they will meet once per hour.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Statement 2:
The minute hand and second hand of a clock cross each other 1 time every minute after 6:15. Thus, they
will cross each other 26 times.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Thus, both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Hence, option (c) is correct.

43 (d)
Statement 1:
Number of odd days from 1st May to 31st October = 3 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 3 = 16.
16 is not divisible by 7.
Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
Statement 2:
Here, 2100 is a century year, and so not a leap year.

E
So, from 2023 to 2123, there are 24 years in which February has 29 days.

IN
Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
Thus, neither 1 nor 2 is correct.
Hence, option (d) is correct. L
N

44 (d)
When 10n is divided by 7, the pattern of remainders we get is 3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 1.
.O

Now, we have a power of 100, and remainder [100/6] = 4

So, we will get the 4th remainder on the list of 3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 1, when we divide 100100 by 7, i.e. a remainder
of 4. That is, 4 odd days.
L

If today is Tuesday, then 100100th day from now will be 4 days after Tuesday, i.e. Saturday.
IA

Hence, option (d) is correct.

45 (b)
R

23rd June 1757 = (1756 years + Period from 1.1.1757 to 23.6.1757)

E

Odd days in 1600 years = 0

There are 24 leap years and 76 ordinary years in 100 years.
T

So, Odd days in 100 years = (24×2 + 76)/7 = 124/7 = 5

There are 14 leap years and 42 ordinary years in 56 years.
A

So, Odd days in 56 years = (14×2 + 42)/7 = 70/7 = 0

M

Now, Number of odd days from 1.1.1757 to 23.6.1757 = (3 + 0 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 1)/7 = 5

So, Total number of odd days = (0 + 5 + 0 + 5)/7 = 3
C

Thus, 23rd June 1757 must have been a Monday + 3 = Thursday.

Hence, option (b) is correct.
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46 (b)
No two employees get equal number of holidays and each employee gets at least 4 holidays. Therefore, 39
holidays can be distributed among 6 employees as 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
Tony gets more holidays than each of Kate and Robin but less than that of John.
John > Tony > (Kate/ Robin)
Emma gets exactly 7 holidays.
Also, John gets one and half times the number of holidays that Robin gets. Thus, the number of holidays
of John and Robin may be either (6 and 4) OR (9 and 6).
Case 1: If John = 6 and Robin = 4. We know that Emma gets exactly 7 holidays.
From above: Emma (7) > John (6) > Robin (4)
Now we also know that: John > Tony > (Kate/ Robin)
So, Tony and Kate should also get less holidays than John, i.e. less than 6 holidays. But Robin already
have 4 holidays and we can only heave one person (either Tony or Kate) having 5 holidays.
Hence, case 1 is not possible.
Case 2: If John = 9 and Robin = 6. Emma gets exactly 7 holidays.
From above: John (9) > Emma (7) > Robin (6)
Since, John > Tony > (Kate/ Robin), Tony gets more holidays than Robin, who gets 6 holidays, but lesser
holidays than John who gets 9 holidays. Hence, Tony will have 8 holidays.
From above: John (9) > Tony (8) > Emma (7) > Robin (6)
Now, Kate/Jack = 4 or 5.
Hence, the total number of holidays of Emma and Tony is 15, which is equal to the total number of
holidays of John and Robin.

47 (a)
Total number of holidays of Emma, Robin, Kate and Jack = 7 + 6 + 4 + 5 = 22 (since, sum of the number
of holidays of Kate and Jack would be 9 in both possible scenarios)

48 (a)
In 1980, Indian Republic day was celebrated on Saturday. Therefore, 26th January 1980 was Saturday.
Number of odd days from 26th January to 31st January = 5
Number of odd days in:
February (1980 is a leap year, therefore February has 29 days) = 1
March = 3
April = 2
May = 3

E
June= 2

IN
July = 3
August = 3
September = 5 L
Number of odd days from 26th January to 5th September = {5 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 5}/7 = 27/7 = 6
N

Subhash was born on 5th September 1980. Therefore, his birthday fell on (Saturday + 6 days) = Friday
Arvind is 5 days younger to Subhash. Therefore, his birthday fell on (Friday + 5 days) = Wednesday
.O

Arunima is 2 days elder to Arvind. Therefore, her birthday fell on (Wednesday - 2 days) = Monday
Arvind and Arunima were born on Wednesday and Monday respectively.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
L
IA

49 (b)
Assumption 1 is incorrect. Conservation of wildlife has not been discussed in the passage.
Assumption 2 is correct. The problems associated with urbanization are mentioned throughout the
R

passage. This is because of the neglect of the principles of sustainable urbanization. Hence, this
E

assumption is correct as per the passage.

T

50 (a)
Option (a) is correct. Consider the lines “Impervious surfaces (e.g., constructed surfaces, roofs, roads,
A

parking lots, driveways, sidewalks) alter the natural hydrological conditions …” and “Moreover, other
M

direct environmental impacts include the degradation of water resources quality when surface runoff
transports …” These lines show that when the natural hydrological cycle gets disturbed, it affects the
C

quality of water resources. Hence, this is the best crux of the passage.
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 Option (b) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because deurbanization has not been discussed in
the passage.
Option (c) is incorrect. The given option seems to be correct, but this is more of an actionable
implication rather than the crux of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because the use of the phrase “diverse
consequences” makes it a generic statement and therefore not specific to the information covered in the
passage. Hence, this is not the best crux of the passage.

51 (a)
Inference 1 is correct. The given statement is correct because of the line - “From an economic
standpoint, that poses a risk to long-term food security by creating the potential for a single point
failure”. It shows that due to the possibility of single-point failure, too much dependence on GM crops
could be risky for the future. Hence, this inference is correct as per the passage.
Inference 2 is incorrect. The context of high morals is not discussed in the passage. Hence, it is beyond
the scope of the passage.

52 (d)
Option (a) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because of the context of the production of seeds
in bulk to prevent single-point failure in future. This context is not a part of the passage. The author does
mention ‘single point failure’. But, mass production as a solution to this issue is nowhere indicated in the
passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. The context of ensuring nutrition for people with malnutrition is not a part of the
passage. Hence, this is not the correct statement.
Option (c) is incorrect. The context of monopoly and need for policy is not a part of the passage.
Therefore, this statement is not correct.
Option (d) is correct. Refer to the lines: “Scientists can also engineer pest-resistant crops, helping local
farmers better withstand environmental challenges that might otherwise wipe out a whole season of
produce. However, GM seeds are produced primarily by only a few large companies that own the
intellectual property for genetic variations.” The various benefits of GM crops will depend on whether
the companies producing the seeds fail or not, and how they utilize these crops. Hence, this is the correct
statement.

53 (c)

E
Let x and y be the ten's and unit's digits respectively of the numeral denoting the woman's age.
Then, Woman's age = (10x + y) years

IN
And, Husband's age = (10y + x) years
Therefore, (10x + y) - (10y + x) = (1/11) (10y + x + 10x + y) L
Or (9x - 9y) = (1/11) (11y + 11x)
N
Or (9x - 9y) = (x + y)
Or 8x = 10y
.O

Or x = (5/4)y
Clearly, y should be a single-digit multiple of 4, such that x is also a single-digit.
So, y = 4., and x = 5
L

Hence, woman's age = 10x + y = 10×5 + 4 = 54 years

IA

And, Husband's age = (10y + x) = 45 years

Sum of the ages of woman and her husband = 54 + 45 = 99 years
R

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

E

54 (b)
When the paper is unfolded, it will look as follows:
T
A
M
C

Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

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55 (b)
Method I:
Let the number of people who visited the amusement park be x.
Now, the number of people (i.e. x) must be a natural number. Also, the number of visitors that visited the
pool section (i.e. 20.25% of x) must be a natural number too.
20.25% of x = (20.25/100)x = (81/400)x
(81/400)x must be an integer, so x must be a multiple of 400.
Hence, the minimum value that x may attain = 400.
Method II:
20.25% of x must be a natural number. Hence, 0.25% of x must be a natural number too.
Minimum possible value of x that allows it is x = 400. (then 0.25% of 400 = 1, i.e. the least possible
natural number)
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

56 (c)
Next figure will be:

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

57 (d)
It is given that, U has been substituted by 2, i.e. U = 2.
The difference between the numerical substitutes for U and Z is 8, i.e. either U – Z = 8 or Z – U = 8
If U – Z = 8, then Z = U – 8 = 2 – 8 = - 6 (which is not possible)
If Z – U = 8, then Z = U + 8 = 2 + 8 = 10
The difference between Z and A is 4, i.e. either A – Z = 4 or Z – A = 4
If A – Z = 4, then A = Z + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14 (which is not possible)
If Z – A = 4, then A = Z – 4 = 10 – 4 = 6
Hence, the integer that substituted A is 6.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

E
58 (c)

IN
Option (a) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because the passage does not mention about the
type of stories or how they are told. Hence, this option is not the best crux of the passage. L
Option (b) is incorrect. The context of healing capacity is seen in the line “They are integral to all
N
psychoanalytic theories of therapeutic action, and their telling is therapeutic.” But, how healing is related
to individuals and society is not discussed in the passage. Let’s put this option on hold and consider the
.O

next options.
Option (c) is correct. The given option is correct because of the line “Finally, they can demonstrate how
shared stories consolidate group identities, uphold, and perpetuate a group's power (positives) over
L

others, and perpetuate racial and ethnic stereotypes (negatives).” These lines validate that in the context
IA

of social relations, stories can play a role of a double-edged sword. Hence, this is the best crux of the
passage.
R

Option (d) is incorrect as both options (a) and (b) are incorrect.
E

59 (c)
Inference 1 is correct. The given inference is correct because of the line “Electric vehicles (not only
T

cars) are the key technology to decarbonise road transport, a sector that accounts for over 15% of global
A

energy-related emissions.” It means that electric cars are only a part of a bigger group of electric vehicles,
i.e. only a partial solution. Moreover, the issue of carbon emissions is a very wide one. It would require
M

efforts in various sectors, not just in transportation. Hence, the given inference is correct as per the
passage.
C
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 Inference 2 is correct. The given inference is based on the line “Sales in developing and emerging
economies have been slow due to the relatively high purchase price of an electric vehicle and a lack of
charging infrastructure availability.” These factors clearly validate that presently electric vehicles are
not yet a viable replacement for traditional fuel vehicles in many countries. Hence, this inference is
correct as per the passage.

60 (d)
The virus will turn from 1 to 2, 2 to 4, 4 to 8 and so on. So, the population of the given virus type, at any
given point of time, can be represented as 2n, where n is a whole number. It’s an exponential function
which is aptly represented by the curve D.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

61 (d)
Let the time when she left her home be x minutes after 7 p.m.
The speed of the minute hand is 6° per minutes and the speed of the hour hand is 0.5° per minutes.
Initial distance between the hour and the minute hands at 7:00 p.m. is 210°.
So, (6 - 0.5)x = 210° - 100°
or 5.5x = 110°
or x = 110°/5.5 = 20 minutes
Thus, Alisha left home at 07:20 p.m.
Let the time when she came back to her home be y minutes after 7 p.m.
So, (6 - 0.5)y = 210° + 100°
or 5.5y = 310°
or y = 310°/5.5 = 56(4/11) minutes ≈ 56 minutes 22 seconds
Thus, Alisha returns home at 07:56:22 p.m.
Required time = 07:56:22 p.m. - 07:20 p.m. = 36 minutes
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

62 (d)
Statement 1:
At 7 o’clock, the hour hand is at 7.
Angle traced by hour hand in 7 hours = 30°×7 = 210°
The relative speed of the minute hand with respect to hour hand = 6° – (1/2)° = 5.5° per minute.
210/5.5 = 38 minutes 11 sec
Therefore, the time when the hands of the clock will be together = 7:38:11.

E
Hence, statement 1 is not correct.

IN
Statement 2:
At 7 o’clock, the hour hand is at 7.
The angle between the two hands will be 65° when the minute hand gains (210° – 65°) = 145° or when it
L
gains (210° + 65°) = 275° with respect to hour hand.
The relative speed of the minute hand with respect to the hour hand = 6° – (1/2)° = 5.5° per minute.
N

Thus, the time taken to gain 145° = 145/5.5 = 26 minutes 22 seconds

.O

Thus, the angle between the two hands will be 65° at 7:26:22 o’clock.
Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
Thus, neither 1 nor 2 is correct.
L

Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

IA

63 (c)
Let the four parts of the number be A, B, C and D.
R

According to the question, twice the first part, thrice the second part and four times the third part are
E

equal.
So, 2A = 3B = 4C
T

Let 2A = 3B = 4C = k
or A = k/2; B = k/3; C = k/4
A

or A : B : C = 6 : 4 : 3
M

or A : B : C = 30 : 20 : 15 …. (i)
It is also given that six times the second part, eight times the third part and five times the last part are
C

equal.
So, 6B = 8C = 5D
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 Let 6B = 8C = 5D = k
or B = k/6 ; C = k/8 ; D = k/5
or B : C : D = 20 : 15 : 24 …. (ii)
Thus, parts of B and C are same (i.e. 20 and 15) in equations (i) and (ii).
Hence, A : B : C : D = 30 : 20 : 15 : 24
or A = 30x, B = 20x, C = 15x, D = 24x
Now, let us go through the options one by one.
Option (a): The first part is 30x which is divisible by 6. Thus, it is correct.
Option (b): The sum of the third and fourth parts is 39x which is divisible by 13. Thus, it is correct too.
Option (c): The third part is 15x and is divisible by 4 only if the value of x is 4 or multiple of 4. Thus, it is
not always going to be true.
Option (d): The product of the last part and any other part {i.e. (24x × 30x), (24x × 20x), (24x × 15x)} is
divisible by 5. Thus, it is correct.
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

64 (d)
Let the age of the lady = x years
Age of the husband = x + 3 years
Age of the daughter = (x+3)/4 years
The daughter becomes 15 years old in 3 years. So, the daughter is 12 years old now.
Age of father = 4 times age of the daughter = 12 × 4 = 48 years
Age of the mother = 3 years less than the age of the father = 45 years
Sum of the ages of the husband and wife = 48 + 45 = 93 years
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

65 (c)
The same day comes after 400 years.
If 22nd October 2023 is Sunday, then 22nd October 1623 must have been a Sunday too.
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

66 (d)

E
Starting with 2027, count the number of odd days in successive years till the sum is divisible by 7.
Number of odd days from 2027 to 2037 = 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 = 14

IN
14 is divisible by 7.
Thus, calendar of 2027 will be similar to that of 2038. L
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
N

67 (d)
.O

According to question,
# –$ + @ ÷ * = 21
L

We will try substituting the values of #, $, @ and * by hit and trial method.
By substituting: # = 18; $ = 1; @ = 16; * = 4 in above equation we get,
IA

# –$ + @ ÷ * = 18 – 1 + 16 ÷ 4 = 17 + 4 = 21
Left hand side = Right hand side
R

Hence, @ = 16
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
E
T

68 (c)
A

Considering statements 1 and 2 together:

The couple was married before the 13th of February, 1955 on a Sunday.
M

In the month of February, there was only one Sunday before 13th February, i.e. 6th February 1955.
Hence, both Statement-1 and Statement-2 together are required to answer the Question.
C

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

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69 (b)
Number of years from 8th September 2005 to 8th September 2094 = 89 years
There are 22 leap years and 67 ordinary years in 89 years.
Odd days in 89 years = (22×2 + 67)/7 = 111/7 = 6
Now, number of odd days from 9th September 2094 to 5th June 2095 = (1 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 0 + 3 + 2 + 3 +
5)/7 = 4
So, Total number of odd days = (6 + 4)/7 = 3
Required day = Monday + 3 = Thursday
Thus, the day on 5th June 2095 will be Thursday.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Explanation for Questions 70 and 71:
R is a Bank employee, staying in Ranchi. Q owns a book shop in Dehradun. P's house is in Shimla, and he
is not an Engineer. The teacher, S, lives in Bhubaneswar.
Name Occupation City
S Teacher Bhubaneswar
R Bank employee Ranchi
P Engineer Shimla
Q Shop owner Dehradun
T
Let’s fill in the blanks. The Final arrangement:
Name Occupation City
S Teacher Bhubaneswar
R Bank employee Ranchi
P Doctor Shimla
Q Shop owner Dehradun
T Engineer Patna

70 (c)

E
Doctor stays in Shimla.

IN
71 (d)
T stays in Patna. L
N

72 (d)
Let present age of Tanya be x years
.O

And present age of her grandfather be y years

According to question,
L

(y – 16) = 8(x – 16)

Or 8x – y = 112 ...(i)
IA

Also, (y + 8) = 3(x + 8)
Or 3x – y = -16 ...(ii)
R

On subtracting eqn. (ii) from eqn. (i), we get:

(8x – y) – (3x – y) = 112 + 16
E

⇒ 5x = 128
T

⇒ x = 128/5 = 25.6 years

A

Now, y = 3x + 16 = 3 × 25.6 + 16 = 92.8 years

8 years ago, ratio of the ages of Tanya and her grandfather = (25.6 – 8) : (92.8 – 8)
M

= 17.6 : 84.8
C

= 11 : 53
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
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73 (a)
The original figure is as follows:

Only option (a) completes the figure as shown below:

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

74 (c)
The original figure is represented below:

On observing the options we can see that the original figure is indeed embedded in the figure given under
option (c). It has been represented below:

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

75 (b)
The circle moves diagonally upward and downward in each step.
The star moves one step forward in clockwise direction.
The triangle rotates 90 degree clockwise in each step.
So, the missing figure is:

E
IN
L
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
N

76 (b)
.O

Option (a) is incorrect. The context of cutting emissions being easy or difficult is not a part of the
passage. Also, the passage does not mention anything related to India. Hence, this is not the most rational
L

inference of the passage.

Option (b) is correct. The lines “Having a plan helps countries understand and orchestrate the many
IA

different elements required to reduce emissions and adapt to protect lives and livelihoods, as soon as
possible. Every bit of warming matters. With urgent and ambitious action, the world will avoid surpassing
R

a threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius, after which climate impacts would become even worse than they
already are” signify that the core aim of every country for emission reduction is limiting the temperature
E

rise below 1.5 degree Celsius. Hence, this is the most rational inference of the passage.
T

Option (c) is incorrect. The context of every country coming to the same platform for NDC
A

implementation is not a part of the passage. Hence, this is not the most rational inference of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The context of poverty alleviation is discussed in the line - “Nationally
M

Determined Contributions (NDCs) factor in the understanding that countries must balance emissions
reductions with other critical demands like ending poverty.” This is not dependent on controlling
C

emissions. Hence, this is not the most rational inference of the passage.
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77 (a)
Option (a) is correct. The given option is correct because of the line “A behaviour with implications for
society puts an even larger responsibility on the individual to act responsibly. … Any increase in fines
(external intervention) for those unlawful driving behaviours that have potential social consequences
would have surely received applause from people at large.” These lines clearly show that an individual's
welfare can be translated to society's welfare due to external intervention. Hence, this is what the passage
best implies.
Option (b) is incorrect. The given option seems to be correct, but it is very extreme because it cannot be
concluded that penalties can solve the issue of road accidents. The passage does not make any such claim.
Option (c) is incorrect. This statement is very generic, and is not based on the information provided in
the passage. The context of social acceptance is not a part of the passage. Hence, this is not what the
passage implies.
Option (d) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because it is quite vague due to part “any kind”.
Also, the passage does not delve into the issue of social harmony.

78 (c)
Option (a) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because the context of “safe and strong
government at the centre” has not been discussed in the passage. Also, the passage is not India specific.
Option (b) is incorrect. The given option seems to be correct, but it is not because it could be a rational
implication but not the crux. Also, the passage does not talk about “communication in governance” as
such, at least not explicitly.
Option (c) is correct. The given option best captures the essence of the passage as seen in the lines
“Likewise, Internal Security cannot be safeguarded if Governance is delivered by an inefficient and
corrupt administration” and “For the attainment of these objectives, … within the parameters of the
Constitution and the Rule of Law.” These lines reflect that internal security is dependent on governance
which is based on the Constitution and the Rule of Law. So, this is the best crux of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage is not about the importance of the Constitution per se. The main
theme is the link between internal security and governance. Hence, this is not the best crux of the passage.

79 (a)
Assumption 1 is correct. The following line “Less immigration and high unemployment in destination
economies would hurt origin countries, especially poorer ones, that rely significantly on the remittances
that migrant workers send back home”, validates the assumption in the statement. Both destination and
origin countries would be affected. Hence, as per the passage, this assumption is correct.
Assumption 2 is incorrect. The passage does not throw much light on labour source countries, especially

E
not on the corruption prevailing in those countries. Also, the passage talks about migrants in general, and

IN
not just the labour class, which has more of a physical work connotation attached to it. Hence, this
assumption is incorrect.
L
80 (a)
Option (a) is correct. The given option is correct because of the lines “Less immigration and high
N

unemployment in destination economies would hurt origin countries, especially poorer ones, that rely
.O

significantly on the remittances that migrant workers send back home” and “World Economic Outlook
looks at the economic impact of migration on recipient countries and finds that migration generally
improves economic growth and productivity in host countries.” These lines reflect that both countries
L

benefit from migration, and hence they share a symbiotic relationship. Hence, this is the best crux of the
IA

passage.
Option (b) is incorrect. The context of the transfer of culture is not covered in the passage. Therefore,
this option is beyond the scope of the passage.
R

Option (c) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because migration is beneficial for both countries
- destinations as well as origin. The lines “Less immigration and high unemployment in destination
E

economies would hurt origin countries, especially poorer ones, that rely significantly on the remittances
T

that migrant workers send back home” and “World Economic Outlook looks at the economic impact of
migration on recipient countries and finds that migration generally improves economic growth and
A

productivity in host countries”, show that migration is beneficial for both. Hence, this is not the best crux
M

of the passage.
Option (d) is incorrect. The given option is not correct because it mentions that origin countries should
C

promote migration so as to get remittances. This option statement could be more of an implication or a
fair suggestion, not the crux of the passage.
S

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