Surat Pernyataan

SURAT PERNYATAAN
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, kami penulis KTI:

Judul : Response of cassava varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to different
fertilizer doses in alfisol dry land area of Indonesia
Diterbitkan pada : Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 21(2): 1655-1663 DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2102_16551663
Penerbit : Corvinus University of Budapest
Tahun : 2023
Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa kontributor penulisan dari KTI tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
Kontributor Utama:
1. Sri Wahyuningsih, Pengawas Benih Tanaman Ahli Muda, Kementerian Pertanian
2. Sutrisno, Peneliti Ahli Muda, BRIN
3. Nuryati, Peneliti Ahli Pertama, BRIN
4. Made J. Mejaya, Peneliti Ahli Utama, BRIN
5. Arief Harsono, Peneliti Ahli Utama, BRIN
6. Didik Harnowo, Peneliti Ahli Utama, BRIN
7. Henny Kuntyastuti, Peneliti Ahli Madya, BRIN
8. Runik Dyah Purwaningrahayu, Peneliti Ahli Madya, BRIN
9. Yudi Widodo, Peneliti Ahli Utama, BRIN
10. Ruly Krisdiana, Peneliti Ahli Madya, BRIN
11. I. G. K. D. Arsana, Peneliti Ahli Utama, BRIN
12. R. Budiono, Peneliti Ahli Madya, BRIN
Demikian surat pernyataan ini dibuat dengan sebenar-benarnya, untuk dapat dipergunakan sebagaimana
mestinya.
Malang, Mei 2023
Kontributor Utama:
Sutrisno Nuryati Made J. Mejaya Arief Harsono Didik Harnowo Henny Kuntyastuti
Runik Dyah P Yudi Widodo Ruly Krisdiana I. G. K. D. Arsana R. Budiono

VOLUME 21 * NUMBER 2 * 2023
Published: March 31, 2023
http://www.aloki.hu
ISSN 1589 1623 / ISSN 1785 0037
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer
AEER https://www.aloki.hu/folap.htm
APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

international scientific journal
Published by
ALÖKI Applied Ecological Research and Forensic Institute Ltd., Budapest

(2010-)
Penkala Ltd., Budapest

(2003-2009)
Supported by
Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Ecotheology of John Wesley Theological College

(2021-)
Department of Environmental Security of John Wesley Theological College

(2020-)
Association of Natural Research of Gödöllő

(2017-)
Adaptation to Climate Change Research Group

of the Corvinus University of Budapest
(2007-2016)
Landscape Architecture and Landscape Ecology PhD School

of the Corvinus University of Budapest
(2004-2016)
Hungarian Group of International Biometric Society

(2003-2009)
Hungarian Association of Agricultural Informatics

(2003-2009)
The Journal publishes original research papers and review articles. Researchers from all countries are invited
to publish pure or applied ecological, environmental, biogeographical, zoological, botanical, paleontological,
biometrical-biomathematical and quantitative ecological or multidisciplinary agricultural research of
international interest on its pages.
The focus is on topics such as:
Community, ecosystem and global ecology

Biometrics, theoretical- and quantitative ecology
Multidisciplinary agricultural and environmental research
Sustainable and organic agriculture, natural resource management
Ecological methodology, monitoring and modeling
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AEER https://www.aloki.hu/folap.htm
Biodiversity and ecosystem research, microbiology, botany and zoology

Biostatistics and modeling in epidemiology, public health and veterinary
Earth history, paleontology, extinctions, biogeography, biogeochemistry
Conservation biology, environmental protection
Ecological economics, natural capital and ecosystem services
Climatology, meteorology, climate change, climate-ecology.
The Journal publishes theoretical papers as well as application-oriented contributions and practical case
studies. There is no bias with regard to taxon or geographical area. Purely descriptive papers (like only
taxonomic lists) will not be accepted for publication.
The journal is published in yearly volumes of at least four issues. The journal will have a limited number of
printed copies (mainly for libraries), articles and their appendices (if any) will be available on our website for
free download.
Printed by ALÖKI Kft., H-1185 Budapest, Kassa u. 118.

Responsible publisher: Levente Hufnagel (ALÖKI Kft.)
© ALÖKI Kft, Budapest, Hungary
ISSN 1589 1623 (Print)

ISSN 1785 0037 (Online)
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editors https://www.aloki.hu/editors.htm
Editor-in-Chief
Levente Hufnagel, PhD habil.
Associate Editors
Kinga Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt, PhD habil.
Mohammad Mousaei Sanjerehei, PhD
Nikolay R. Dyakov, PhD
Technical Editors
Márton Kocsis, MSc
Ágnes Dániel, BSc
Réka Homoródi, MSc
Ferenc Mics, MSc
Zsófia Selényi, MSc
Zsófia Vadnay, MSc
Attila Hollósi, MA, MEd
EDITORIAL BOARD
Chair
Levente Hufnagel, PhD, habil. (2010-)

John Wesley Theological College, Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Ecotheology
Budapest, Hungary
Márta Gaál, PhD (2003-2009)

Corvinus University of Budapest, Dept. of Mathematics and Informatics
Budapest, Hungary
Honorary Chairman
István Láng, MHAS, Prof. (2009-2016)

Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Budapest, Hungary
Zsolt Harnos, MHAS, Prof. (2003-2008)

Corvinus University of Budapest
Budapest, Hungary
Members
Otar Abdaladze, Prof. (2014-)

Ilia State University, Institute of Ecology
Tbilisi, Georgia
Éva Ács, DSc, Prof. (2013-)

Danube Research Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
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Göd, Hungary
Temirzhan Erkasovich Aitbayev, DSc., Academician of NASRK (2014-)

Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Farming
Karasaiski R., Kazakhstan
Kochuparampil Ajith Joseph, PhD (2016-)

Nansen Environmental Research Centre
Cochin, India
José Ramón Arévalo Sierra, Prof. (2014-)

Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología
Universidad de La Laguna
La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
Margarita Arianoutsou-Faragitaki, Prof. (2014-)

University of Athens, Faculty of Biology
Dept of Ecology & Systematics,
Athens, Greece
Judit Bartholy, DSc, Prof. (2008-)

Eötvös Loránd University, Dept. of Meteorology
Budapest, Hungary
Gábor Bakonyi, DSc, Prof. (2014-)

Szent István University, Dept. of Zoology and Ecology
Gödöllő, Hungary
Afework Bekele, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

College of Natural and Computational Science, Addis Ababa University,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Nikolai Berlinsky, Prof. (2014-)

Odessa State Environmental University, Dept. of Applied Ecology
Odessa, Ukraine
László Bozó, MHAS, Prof. (2013-)

Corvinus University of Budapest, Adaptation to Climate Change Research Group
Budapest, Hungary
Sansanee Choowaew, PhD (2014-)

Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University
Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
Bujar H. Durmishi, PhD (2015-)

Department of Chemistry, State University of Tetova
Tetova, Macedonia
Olga Z. Eremchenko, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Department of Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Faculty of Biology,
Perm State University
Perm, Russia
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Éva Erdélyi, PhD (2010-2013)

Budapest Business School
Budapest, Hungary
Antal Ferenczy, PhD (2003-2011)

Budapest, Hungary
Nándor Fodor, PhD (2012-)

Research Institute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Budapest, Hungary
Márta Gaál, PhD (2003-2012)

Budapest, Hungary
Christian Germain, PhD (2003-)

Agricultural Engineering School, Computing Department
Bordeaux, France
Michael J. Gormally, PhD (2014-)

Applied Ecology Unit, Centre for Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences,
National University of Ireland,
Galway, Ireland
Gustavo Graciolli, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Laboratório de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de
Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Levente Horváth, PhD (2010-)

Magyar Telekom, Fenntarthatósági Központ
Budapest, Hungary
Levente Hufnagel, PhD, habil. (2003-)

John Wesley Theological College, Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Ecotheology
Budapest, Hungary
Mária Höhn, PhD, habil. (2013-)

Corvinus University of Budapest, Dept. of Botany
Budapest, Hungary
Amin Ismayilov, DSc, Prof. (2014-)

Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Baku, Azerbaijan
András Ittzés, PhD (2003-2014)

Corvinus University of Budapest, Dept. of Biometrics and Agricultural Informatics
Budapest, Hungary
Paweł Janiszewski, PhD, habil. (2018-)

Faculty of Animal Bioengineering
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Olsztyn, Poland
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Yasmina Jaufeerally-Fakim, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Department of Agriculture and Food Science
University of Mauritius,
Reduit, Mauritius
Sven D. Jelaska, PhD (2014-)

Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb
Zagreb, Croatia
Benjamin R. Jordan, PhD (2014-)

Department of Biochemistry and Physical Science, Brigham Young University - Hawaii,
Laie, Hawaii, United States
Ferenc Jordán, DSc (2014-2019)

Centre for Ecological Research of Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Vácrátót, Hungary
Elsabe Julies, Dr. (2014-)

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Namibia,
Windhoek, Namibia
Tibor Kalapos, PhD (2015-)

Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology,
Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University,
Budapest, Hungary
Mitja Kaligarič, Prof. (2014-)

Institute of Biology, Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Maribor
Maribor, Slovenia
Osman Ketenoglu, Prof. (2014-)

Ecology and Environmental Biology Division, Department of Biology,
Faculty of Science, University of Ankara
Ankara, Turkey
Hristofor Kirchev, PhD (2016-)

Crop Science Department,
Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Géza Kovács, PhD, Prof. (2003-2017)

Joint Dept. of Environmental Systems of Debrecen University and RISSAC
Budapest, Hungary
Márta Ladányi, PhD (2010-2014)

Budapest, Hungary
Nina Lam, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Jamie K. Lau, PhD (2015-)
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Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University,

Richmond, Kentucky, United States
Zoltán Mészáros, DSc, Prof. (2003-2017)

Szent István University, Plant Protection Institute
Gödöllõ, Hungary
Albert Modi, Prof. (2014-)

University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences,
Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Alvaro Morales-Ramírez, Dr. rer. nat., Prof. (2014-)

Catedrático - Escuela de Biología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR),
Universidad de Costa Rica,
San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
Monica E. Mulrennan, PhD. (2014-)

Department of Geography, Planning and Environment
Concordia University
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Judit Padisák, DSc, Prof. (2014-)

Pannon University, Dept. of Limnology,
Veszprém, Hungary
Vasantha Pahalawattaarachchi, PhD (2015-)

Inland Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency,
Crow Island, Sri Lanka
María Gema Parra Anguita, Prof. (2014-)

Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología
Universidad de Jaén
Jaén, Spain
Sita Ram Patel, PhD (2003-)

Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Dept. of Agrometeorology
Raipur, India
Katarina Pavlickova, CSc (2014-)

Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava,
Bratislava, Slovakia
Károly Penksza, PhD, habil. (2013-)

Szent István University, Dept. of Botany
Gödöllõ, Hungary
Zsuzsanna Plank, PhD, habil. (2020-)

Department of Environmental Security, John Wesley Theological College
Budapest, Hungary
Magdalena Pogorzelec, Dr. inż (2014-)

Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin,
Lublin, Poland
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Jiaguo Qi, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Center for Global Change and Earth Observations and
Department of Geography, Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan, United States
Kottapalli S. Rao, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Department of Botany, University of Delhi,
Delhi, India
Dieter Rasch, PhD, Prof. (2003-)

BioMath Company for Applied Mathematical Statistics in Biology and Medicine,
Rostock, Germany
Ratko Ristić, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade,
Belgrade, Serbia
Lucas P. Rutina, PhD (2014-)

University of Botswana · Okavango Research Institute,
Sexaxa, Maun, Botswana
Kazunori Sato, PhD (2014-)

Department of Mathematical and Systems Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering,
Shizuoka University
Hamamatsu, Japan
Thomas L. Serfass, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Department of Biology, Frostburg State University
Frostburg, Maryland, United States
Jörg W. Schneider, Dr.rer.nat.habil., Prof. (2014-)

Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Geologisches Institut
Lehrstuhl Paläontologie,
Freiberg, Germany
Spyros Sfenthourakis, PhD (2014-)

Department of Biological Sciences,
University of Cyprus,
Nicosia, Cyprus
Subodh Sharma, Dr. nat. techn. (2014-)

Department of Environmental Science & Engineering
School of Science, Kathmandu University
Kathmandu, Nepal
Suleimenova Naziya Shukenovna, DSc, Prof. (2014-)

Department of Ecology
Kazakh National Agrarian University
Almaty, Kazakhstan
Károly Szenteleki, PhD (2003-2009)
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Budapest, Hungary
Árpád Szentesi, PhD (2003-2017)

Eötvös Loránd University, Dept. of Systematic Zoology and Ecology
Budapest, Hungary
Kam W. Tang, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Swansea University - Prifysgol Abertawe, College of Science
Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
Iver Thysen, PhD (2003-2017)

Agroecology Research Centre Foulum
Tjele, Denmark
Reginald Victor, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Department of Biology, College of Science,
Sultan Qaboos University,
Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Maciej Zalewski, Prof. (2014-)

European Regional Centre fot Ecohydrology under the auspices of UNESCO
International Institute of Polish Academy of Sciences & Department of Applied Ecology
University of Lodz, Poland
Peter Zhelev, PhD (2014-)

University of Forestry
Sofia, Bulgaria
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Volume 21 https://www.aloki.hu/cont21_2.htm
AEER 21(2)
Content
Scientific publications:
YOUS, F. Z. – FERRADOUS, A. – ELGADI, S. – MOSTAKIM, L. – HAFIDI, M. –

OUHAMMOU, A. – ALIFRIQUI, M. : EFFECTS OF THE CONTINENTALITY AND THE AGE
OF PRICKLY PEAR (OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA (L.) MILL.) PLANTATIONS ON SOIL
PROPERTIES ALONG A COASTAL AND CONTINENTAL TRANSECT IN A PRE-SAHARAN
REGION OF SOUTH-CENTRAL MOROCCO (AIT BAAMRANE)
SAAD, S. – KECHEBAR, M. S. A. – KAROUNE, S. – LAHMADI, S. – DJEMOUAI, N. –

FOUGHALIA, A. – SIABDALLAH, N. – DJEDIDI, M. – ABIDAT, H. : MULTIVARIATE
ANALYSIS OF POLYPHENOLIC CONTENT AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITIES OF
DIFFERENT FRACTIONS OF LEPIDIUM SATIVUM L. AERIAL PARTS AND ROOTS FROM
ALGERIA
ZAMEER, M. – RAFIQUE, A. – ALYAS, S. – FARRUKH, S. Y. – TAHIR, U. – ZAHRA, N. –

ALI, Q. – KHAN, M. T. – MAZHAR, M. – RUKHSAR, A. – QURESHI, J. A. – SHABBIR, A. –
SATTAR, H. – SOHAIL, A. : COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS AND PROTEIN STRUCTURE
MODELING OF ZINC- AND IRON- DEPENDENT ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASES FOR
BIOETHANOL YIELD IN THERMOPHILES
AMIRHUSIN, B. – WIHARDJAKA, A. – ENGGARINI, W. – YULIANINGRUM, H. –

SISHARMINI, A. – APRIANA, A.: PERFORMANCE OF NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENT
NERICA4 RICE LINES IN INDONESIAN RAIN-FED ECOSYSTEMS
LI, W. D. – WANG, H. J. – ZHONG, M. T. – SONG, J. H. – SHI, X. Y. – TIAN, T. – WANG, J. G.

– ZHU, Y. Q. – JIANG, M. H.: EFFECTS OF STRAW RETURN AND BIOCHAR APPLICATION
ON SOIL NUTRIENTS AND OSMOTIC REGULATION IN COTTON UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL
SALINITY LEVELS
GALAL, T. M. – AL-SODANY, Y. M. – AL-YASI, H. M. – SALEH, M. A. – HASSAN, L. M. –

ELAWA, O. E.: HEALTH RISKS OF HEAVY METALS UPTAKE BY THE CURDS OF
CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. BOTRYTIS) GROWN IN CONTAMINATED
AGRICULTURAL LANDS
KE, J. H. – WANG, J. X. – WU, S. L. – ZHOU, K. H. – DAI, B. Q. – XUE, S. Y. – ZHOU, Y. –

XIE, Y. – WANG, Y.: STUDY ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSIOLOGY AND EVALUATION
OF COLD RESISTANCE OF DIFFERENT PEONY VARIETIES
DING, J. N. – XU, N. – SHI, C. Q. – YU, S. P.: EFFECT OF RECLAMATION AND

RESTORATION ON SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURES IN COLD REGION
WETLAND
SHEN, Y. L. – CHENG, L. Y. – ZHANG, T. – LI, Q. – ZHAN, Y. – YAN, N. – WANG, E. P. –

CHEN, C. B.: IDENTIFICATION OF GINSENG (PANAX GINSENG C. A. MAYER)
CONTINUOUS CROPPING OBSTACLE RESPONSIVE MIRNAS AND THEIR TARGET GENES
ÜNAL, Y. – UYSAL, H. – KOCA, A. – ZENBILCI, M. – ERSIN, M. Ö.: NEW RECORDS OF

THE LIVING ANATOLIAN LEOPARD (PANTHERA PARDUS TULLIANA L., 1758) IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY
1 of 5 18/06/2023, 13:15
SUN, J. W. – YAO, F. Q.: EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND SOIL WATER ON LEAF RESPIRATION
OF PINUS KORAIENSIS AND TILIA AMURENSIS SAPLINGS IN A TEMPERATE FOREST
ALSANAD, A, – ALSHAWAF, M.: SARS-CoV-2 EPIDEMIC FIRST WAVE: THE IMPACT OF

PARTIAL AND COMPLETE LOCKDOWNS ON ROAD-DEPOSITED SEDIMENTS IN KUWAIT
QIAO, Y. J. – FAN, Y. Q. – GUO, L. C. – YANG, Z. P. – HUANG, T. M. – SUN, M. – GAO, Z.

Q.: IMPACTS OF SOIL TYPE ON BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN RICE
RHIZOSPHERE AND GRAIN YIELDS IN PADDY FIELD IN CHINA
ÜNAL, Y.: POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE CARACAL (CARACAL CARACAL

SCHREBER, 1776) UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
WANG, X. B. – ZHANG, X. J. – LIU, L. H. – FENG, G. R. – LIU, X. L. – WANG, J. – WEI, C.

Z.: YIELD OF DRIP-IRRIGATED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) RESPONSE TO WATER
DEFICIENCY IN DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES
GACEM, H. – BENDALI-SAOUDI, F. – SERRADJ, N. – HOUMANI, M. – SOLTANI, N.: RISK

ASSESSMENT OF THE NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDE ACETAMIPRID ON TWO NON-
TARGET SPECIES, DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS, 1820 (CRUSTACEA, CLADOCERA) AND PLEA
MINUTISSIMA LEACH, 1817 (INSECTA, HETEROPTERA)
PURNOMO, J. – RAHMIANNA, A. A. – GINTING, E. – SURATMAN – ELISABETH, D. A. A.

– SUNDARI, T.: THE POD PERFORMANCE AND POD YIELD OF PEANUT (ARACHIS
HYPOGAEA L.) GENOTYPES GROWN UNDER WET CONDITION AND THEIR MICROBIAL
QUALITY UNDER DIFFERENT CURING TIMES
ZHOU, C. B. – TANG, H. L. – YU, Y. H. – GONG, W.: FERTILISATION PROMOTES

ZANTHOXYLUM ARMATUM ‘HANYUAN PUTAO QINGJIAO’ PERICARP YIELD DUE TO
SHOOT GROWTH, NUTRIENT STORAGE AND STRESS RESISTANCE
YU, D. S. – LU, J. – ZHANG, X. S. – ZHANG, M. – WANG, X. L. – YANG, L. – TIAN, Y.:

EXPLORING THE DIFFERENTIATION EFFECT BETWEEN LARIX KONGBOENSIS AND
TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION IN THE SOUTHEASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU OF
CHINA
VEERANNA, H. K. – SHILPA, H. D. – SHILPA, M. E. – ADARSHA, S. K. – DEEPA, A. G.:

RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF JEEVAMRUTHA AND GHANAJEEVAMRUTHA ON
POD YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF RAINFED GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA
L.)
QI, J. J. – CAO, Y. – HUANG, H. X. – CHEN, Y. T. – YANG, J.: RESEARCH ON THE

DYNAMIC PROCESS OF PINUS ELLIOTTII PLANTATION BIOMASS AND VOLUME ON
POYANG LAKE SANDY LAND, CHINA
LESTARI, E. G. – DEWI, I. S. – YUNITA, R.: SORGHUM F2 POPULATION DERIVED FROM

CROSS-POLLINATION OF “BIOGUMA 1 AGRITAN” AND “GANDO KETA”: A GENETIC
VARIABILITY AND HERITABILITY
ZANG, C. Q. – AN, F. T. – AHSAN, T. – XIE, J. H. – LIN, Y. – LIANG, C. H.: ISOLATION AND

CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCONTROL BACTERIUM TL6 FOR PEANUT EARLY LEAF
SPOT
2 of 5 18/06/2023, 13:15
ZHANG, C. – LIU, Y. – WU, Y. H. – HUA, J. – TIE, N.: PREDICTING THE HEIGHT BASED
ON THE MAIN INFLUENCE FACTORS FOR DAHURIAN LARCH (LARIX GMELINII) IN THE
GREAT KHING’AN MOUNTAINS, CHINA
YU, Z. Y. – LIU, Q.: SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON INTERANNUAL

VARIATION OF SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN CONTENTS AND SOYBEAN YIELD IN
SEMIARID SOIL
HE, J. – CHENG, M. Q. – PAN, W. D.: MAGNETS ON WING DIMORPHISM AND HOST

NUTRIENTS ALLOCATION OF MYZUS PERSICAE (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
ZHANG, R. X. – ZHANG, J. F. – LI, T. – HU, H.: SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF POTATO YIELD

BASED ON FOURIER TRANSFORM
ZHOU, G. W. – ZHU, Q. – ZHANG, S. M.: EFFECT OF THE PHOSPHOROUS SUPPLY ON

PHOSPHOROUS UPTAKE AND UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF MAIZE GENOTYPES UNDER
DRIP IRRIGATION
EL-SHEREIF, A. R. – ZERBAN, S. M. – ELMAADAWY, M. I.: IMPACT OF NANO

FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON VALENCIA ORANGE (CITRUS SINENSIS
[L.] OSBECK) GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY
WANG, J. Q. – SONG, Y. Z.: EFFECT OF UV-B RADIATION ON MORPHOLOGICAL

PLASTICITY, FORAGING RESPONSES AND TURION OF POTAMOGETON CRISPUS
CAO, W. W. – SUN, C. Z. – YANG, X. Y.: THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP

BETWEEN FISHING ACTIVITY AND FISHERY RESOURCES CARRYING CAPACITY IN
CHANGSHAN ISLANDS, CHINA
CHEN, Y. N. – LIU, C. L. – LIANG, C. – CHEN, Y. – CHEN, J.: COMMUNITY COMPOSITION

AND SEASONAL VARIATION OF SOIL MITES IN AN APPLE ORCHARD IN BEIJING, CHINA
RODRÍGUEZ-VILLARREAL, R. A. – ALVARADO-GÓMEZ, O. G. – PEÑA-CARRILLO, K. I.

– ROBLEDO-LEAL, E. R.: IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL-CULTURABLE MICROMYCETES IN
AVOCADO ORCHARDS IN NORTHEASTERN MEXICO
HANI, M. – MERGHEM, M. – LEBAZDA, R.: MEDICINAL PLANTS USED AGAINST

GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS IN SETIFIAN HIGH PLATEAU, ALGERIA
DING, J. N.: EFFECT OF CULTIVATION AND NATURAL RESTORATION ON SOIL

MICROBIAL FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE IN COLD-REGION WETLANDS
XIAO, Z. L. – ZHAN, L. Q. – ZHANG, D. X.: QUANTITATIVELY IDENTIFYING THE

DOMINANT HUMAN DRIVING FORCES OF VEGETATION VARIATION IN THE THREE
GORGES RESERVOIR REGION, CHINA
JURIĆ, S. – VINCEKOVIĆ, M. – MARIJAN, M. – VLAHOVIČEK-KAHLINA, K. – GALEŠIĆ,

M. A. – OREŠKOVIĆ, M. – LEMIC, D. – ČIRJAK, D. – PAJAČ ŽIVKOVIĆ, I.:
EFFECTIVENESS OF AQUEOUS COFFEE EXTRACT AND CAFFEINE IN CONTROLLING
PHYTOPHAGOUS HETEROPTERAN SPECIES
LIU, H. P.: TREE SPECIES RECOGNITION AT STANDS SCALE: VALIDITY TEST OF MULTI-
TEXTURE EXTRACTED FROM MULTI-SEASONAL UAV-BASED IMAGERY
3 of 5 18/06/2023, 13:15
TURFAN, N.: THE EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS MELATONIN APPLICATION ON GROWTH

RATE PARAMETERS AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF SOME SPINACH CULTIVARS
(SPINACIA OLERACEA L.) GROWN UNDER WINTER CONDITIONS
HANG, N. D. – HUONG, T. T. L. – DAT, T. T. – TRUONG, D. D. – HUAN, L. H.: VALUING

LOCAL RESIDENTS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR THE CONSERVATION OF CAT BA
MARRINE NATIONAL PARK, VIETNAM
ANJALI, K. S. – BALASUBRAMANIAN, A. – HARI PRASATH, C. N. – SWATHIGA, G. –

THIYAGESHWARI, S. – USHAMALINI, C. – ABBAS, G.: INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE
FERTIGATION PRACTICES IN TEAK (TECTONA GRANDIS LINN. F) CULTIVATION BY
ENHANCING SOIL NUTRIENTS – A FIELD STUDY FROM FARMLANDS OF TAMIL NADU,
INDIA
REN, G. F. – LU, Y. X.: DOES ENVIRONMENTAL TAX PROMOTE GREEN INVESTMENT OF

MANUFACTURING FIRMS? EVIDENCE FROM CHINESE HEAVY-POLLUTING LISTED
COMPANIES
MAI, N. T. – PHUONG, T. T. L. – DAT, T. T. – TRUONG, D. D. – THUAN, L. T. H.: ANALYSIS

OF THE IMPACTS OF LIVELIHOOD ASSETS ON LIVELIHOOD OPTIONS OF FOREST-
DEPENDENT HOUSEHOLDS IN TUYEN QUANG PROVINCE, UPLAND OF VIETNAM
FAISAL, M. – JAVED, N. – KHAN, S. A. – AHMAD, F.: BIOCHEMICAL, MORPHO-

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND RESISTANCE RESPONSES OF DIFFERENT CHICKPEA VARIETIES
AGAINST ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA
BELHABIB, L. – BELHOUCINE, F. – TABECHE, A. – ALIOUA, A.: BIOACCUMULATION

AND BIOMARKER RESPONSES CAUSED BY ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN BOGUE
BOOPS BOOPS (LINNEAUS, 1758) FROM THE BAY OF ORAN, ALGERIA
WAHYUNINGSIH, S. – SUTRISNO – NURYATI – MEJAYA, M. J. – HARSONO, A. –

HARNOWO, D. – KUNTYASTUTI, H. – PURWANINGRAHAYU, R. D. – WIDODO, Y. –
KRISDIANA, R. – ARSANA, I. G. K. D. – BUDIONO, R.: RESPONSE OF CASSAVA
VARIETIES (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) TO DIFFERENT FERTILIZER DOSES IN
ALFISOL DRY LAND AREA OF INDONESIA
WANG, J. N. – XU, J. D. – SUN, J. H. – QIU, C. – WU, Z. H. – LI, Z. J.: GENOME-WIDE

IDENTIFICATION OF TCP TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS FAMILY IN POPULUS SECT.
TURANGA (POPULUS PRUINOSA SCHRENK AND POPULUS EUPHRATICA OLIVE)
REVEALED THE ROLES OF TCPS IN LEAF MORPHOLOGY + Appendix 1 + Appendix 2 +
Appendix 3a + Appendix 3b
BOUASLA, I. – BOUASLA, A. – BAROUR, C. – ZEKRI, S. – HAFIDI, Y. – HAMEL, T.:

MINERAL COMPOSITION, PHYTOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION AND ANTIOXIDANT
ACTIVITIES OF AN ENDEMIC TAXA: HYPOCHAERIS LAEVIGATA VAR. HIPPONENSIS
MAIRE
WANG, L. – ZHAI, Y. L. – JIA, J. – LU, Y. – YAO, M. C. – ZHANG, L. X. – NING, J. – YAO, Y.

L.: ECOLOGICAL COOLING DEMAND IN CHANGCHUN CITY OF CHINA: SPATIAL
RESPONSE TO DIFFERENCES IN URBAN THERMAL ENVIRONMENT INTENSITY
ZAVALA, M. – SAUCEDO, H. – CASTANEDO, V.: INVERSE PROBLEMS SOLUTION IN THE

HYDRAULIC CHARACTERIZATION OF UNSATURATED SOILS
4 of 5 18/06/2023, 13:15
RAJPUT, N. B. – SEKAR, I. – DIVYA, M. P. – BALASUBRAMANIAN, A. – RAMAH, K. –

PACKIALAKSHMI, M.: VARIATION IN ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES OF FARM GROWN
PTERYGOTA ALATA IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF SOUTHERN INDIA
SOUZA, F. G. – CAMPOS, M. C. C. – CUNHA, J. M. – MARTINS, T. S. – ASSIS, J. M. –

BRITO FILHO, E. G. – MENDES BRITO, W. B. – SILVA, D. M. P. – OLIVEIRA, F. P.:
CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF AMAZON FOREST SOIL UNDER CONVERSION FOR
DIFFERENT CULTIVATION SYSTEMS IN THE SOUTH OF AMAZONAS, BRAZIL
ALQAHTANI, M. M.: BIODIVERSITY OF SOME PTERIDOPHYTES SPECIES AND THEIR

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FROM THE SOUTHWEST OF SAUDI ARABIA
DEVY, N. F. – HARDIYANTO – SUGIYATNO, A. – DWIASTUTI, M. E. – YULIANTI, F.:

LEAF ANATOMY, PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS, FRUIT QUALITY, AND GENETIC
CHANGES IN 'BORNEO PRIMA' MANDARIN (Citrus reticulata Blanco) GRAFTED ONTO
DIFFERENT INTERSTOCKS IN DRY HIGHLAND CONDITIONS
JAAFAR, S. N. T. – SUHAIMI, M. N. A. – MAZNAN, N. A. – SAFUAN, C. D. M. – TAN, C. H. –

YUCHAROEN, M. – SAIDIN, J. – BACHOK, Z.: ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF
BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES FROM CORAL TISSUE AFFECTED BY BLACK BAND DISEASE
AT PULAU REDANG, TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA
5 of 5 18/06/2023, 13:15
Wahyuningsih et al.: Response of cassava varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on different fertilizer doses on Alfisol dry land of
Indonesia
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RESPONSE OF CASSAVA VARIETIES (MANIHOT ESCULENTA

CRANTZ) TO DIFFERENT FERTILIZER DOSES IN ALFISOL
DRY LAND AREA OF INDONESIA
WAHYUNINGSIH, S. – SUTRISNO – NURYATI – MEJAYA, M. J.* – HARSONO, A. – HARNOWO, D.
– KUNTYASTUTI, H. – PURWANINGRAHAYU, R. D. – WIDODO, Y. – KRISDIANA, R. –
ARSANA, I. G. K. D. – BUDIONO, R.
Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National
Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
*
Corresponding author
e-mail: mmejaya@yahoo.com; madejmejaya@gmail.com
(Received 25th Oct 2022; accepted 27th Feb 2023)
Abstract. The constraints to increase the productivity of cassava in Alfisol dry land area are various soil
fertility levels and low production input by farmers. The objective of this research was to study the
response of cassava varieties on different fertilizer doses on Alfisol dry land area of Indonesia. The
research was carried out in Malang district, East Java, Indonesia in 2013. The treatments were arranged in
a split plots design, repeated three times. The main plots were four varieties: Litbang UK 2, Malang 4,
Adira 4, and Cecek Ijo; and the sub-plots were three levels of fertilizers: Low dose (90 kg N/ha + 76 kg
P2O5/ha + 90 K2O/ha), Medium dose (112.5 kg N/ha + 108 kg P2O5 + 120 kg P2O5), and High dose
(225 kg N/ha + 108 kg P2O5/ha + 180 kg K2O /ha + 5 t manure/ha). The results indicated that in light soils
with a deep tillage layer (60-80 cm) and relatively low soil fertility, such as in the Kalipare, South Malang
area, to obtain high yields of cassava, UK2 variety can be planted with a medium dose of fertilization,
namely 112.5 kg N + 108 kg P2O5/ha + 120 kg K2O. This technology package was able to produce
80.22 t/ha of fresh tuber, higher than with the use of other varieties such as Cecek Ijo, Malang4, and
Adira4. However, the starch content of the UK2 variety (18.6%) was lower than other varieties’, which
reached more than 22%.
Keywords: manure, production input, soils fertility, technology package, tuber yield
Introduction
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) originates from Latin America and now is
widely grown all over the world. In Indonesia, cassava is used as feed material and raw
material for various food and non-food industries (Howeler, 2012). Cassava is a food
substitute for rice which plays an important role in supporting the food security of a
region. Apart from being a source of carbohydrate food, cassava can also be used as
animal feed and industrial raw materials.
The cassava production in Indonesia in 2021 was 18.73 million tons with harvested
area of 649,000 hectares and the productivity of 37.93 t/ha (Kementerian Pertanian,
2021). Cassava can adapt to various agro ecosystems and various levels of soil fertility.
The important environmental factors affecting yield stability of cassava promising
genotypes based on tuber yield (Sholihin et al., 2022a). In Indonesia, Cassava is mostly
planted on Ultisol lands, which are distributed outside Java Island.
The government of Indonesia continues to increase cassava production, both through
increasing productivity and expanding the planted area. The opportunity for cassava
development is directed to outside Java regions, where extensive land is available.
There is a potential dry land area of 25,955,901 hectares consisting of
10,775,051 hectares of upland, 3,839,093 hectares of land and land temporarily not
APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 21(2):1655-1663.

http://www.aloki.hu ● ISSN 1589 1623 (Print) ● ISSN 1785 0037 (Online)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2102_16551663
© 2023, ALÖKI Kft., Budapest, Hungary
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cultivated covering an area of 11,341,757 ha (BPS, 2014). These lands are the potential
available for the development of cassava cultivation / farming areas. In addition to the
availability of large enough land, there is also a location-specific cassava cultivation
technology package.
Until 2019 the Indonesia Ministry of Agriculture has released 15 varieties of cassava
with various characters. The varieties UJ-3 and UJ-5 have grown widely in Lampung,
Malang 4 with Vati 1 and Vati 2 growing a lot in North Sumatra. In Lampung, the
variety Malang 4 showed the highest yield (49.83 tons/ha), which was above the 2018
national productivity of 23.39 tons/ha (Widodo et al., 2021). Cassava is tolerant to
drought stress and has wide adaptability from marginal land to fertile land to grow and
produce tuber yield (Misganaw and Bayou, 2020).
Cassava can adapt to various agro ecosystems and various levels of soil fertility. The
right combination of fertilizer rates, the site-specific conditions of soil fertility, and soil
nutrient status were needed to achieve high tuber yield of cassava (Subekti et al., 2021).
The combination of N, P, K and manure improved nutrient use efficiency and cassava
productivity (Biratu et al., 2018).
Cassava plants grow optimally in the pH range of 5.5-6.5. On acid soils, cassava
plants often show symptoms of Zn deficiency, resulting in yellow and stunted plants
(Widodo et al., 2018, 2019). In acidic wet climates, the soil needs to be added 300 kg of
lime/ha in addition to 50 kg of Urea, 100 kg of SP36 and 50 kg of KCl (Widodo et al.,
2018). Research on Ultisol soil in Lampung province had identified that four cassava
varieties Litbang UK-2, Malang-6, Adira-4, and Kaspro were adapted to Ultisol (Radjit
et al., 2014). However, on Alfisol soil with marginal soil fertility there is no study has
been reported.
High yielding cassava varieties with big tuber roots, tolerant to poor soil, and have
more edible root per area are the characters that farmers want to grow (Bentley et al.,
2017). To increase the productivity of cassava is possible through improved cultivation,
that is, providing the right variety and inputs. Therefore, the objective of this research
was to study the response of cassava varieties on different fertilizer doses in Alfisol dry
land area of Indonesia.
Materials and Methods

Research Site
The field research was carried out on Alfisol dry land in Sukowilangun village,
Kalipare sub-district, Malang district, East Java province, Indonesia in 2013. The
location of the sampling experimental site was 8°11'29.2" S and 112°26'38.8" E. The
location map of the sampling experimental site is presented in Figure 1.
The Kalipare sub-district is a center for cassava production in Malang district. This
experiment was carried out on dry land owned by farmers, which was always planted
with cassava every year. Farmers in this village often use high doses of fertilizer for one
crop. The land conditions are flat, and the drainage is good enough that there is never a
puddle when it rains. The results of soil analysis before the experiment showed that the
soil reacted slightly acidic (6.06), the levels of C-organic, N, K and Ca were in the low
category, namely 0.79%; 0.08%; 0.32 me/100g and Ca 3.82 me/100 g, respectively.
Meanwhile, the high P2O5 level was 17.96 ppm (Table 1). Although the organic matter
content is low, the soil is loose and the layers of cultivation are deep, about 60 - 80 cm.

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Figure 1. Sukowilangun village, Kalipare sub-district, Malang district, East Java province,
Indonesia
Table 1. Results of soil analysis of experimental site in South Malang

Sample number
Soil analysis Mean Category
1 2 3 4 5 6
pH 6.28 6.15 5.83 6.00 6.12 6.00 6.06 Slightly acid
C-org (%) 0.62 0.73 0.77 0.91 0.86 0.89 0.79 Low
N (%) 0.16 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.08 Low
P2O5 (ppm) 11.30 20.40 11.70 7.69 24.10 32.60 1.96 High
K (me/100g) 0.24 0.24 0.31 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.32 Low
Ca (me/100g) 3.88 3.99 3.58 3.53 3.93 4.02 3.82 Low
CCC (cmol+/kg) * 6.29 6.39 8.76 8.97 10.34 9.69 8.41 Low
*CCC = cation change cavacity
Plant Materials
The plant materials used were five cassava varieties (Litbang UK 2, Malang 4, Adira
4, and Cecek Ijo), in-organic fertilizers (N, P2O5, and K2O), and organic fertilizer. The
clones of cassava varieties were obtained from the Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops
Research Institute (ILETRI), Jl. Raya Kendalpayak km 8, PO Box 66 Malang 65101,
East Java, Indonesia. Cecek Ijo was a local variety planted by farmers in Malang
district. Stem cuttings were planted on the soil mounds with a base width of 125 cm,
height 80 cm and a distance between mounds of 20 cm. Cassava stem cuttings were
planted 100 cm apart on the mounds. Weeding and soils hilling up were done 2 times,
namely at the age of 2 and 4 months. At age of one month, 2 stems per tree were left to
grow. The plant protection was based on pest incidence, and fortunately, there was no
major pest occurred during study.
Field Design
The research used a split plot design and repeated three times. The sub-plot size was
12.5 m x 10 m. The main plots were cassava varieties, namely: Litbang UK 2, Malang
4, Adira 4, and Cecek Ijo, and as sub-plots were 3 levels of fertilizer input, namely:

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Low dose (90 kg N + 76 kg P2O5 + 90 K2O), Medium dose (112.5 kg N + 108 kg P2O5
+ 120 kg K2O), and High dose (225 kg N + 108 kg P2O5 + 180 kg K2O + 5 t/ha of
organic (manure) fertilizer). All fertilizers were given when the plants were 2 weeks
old, except for N fertilizer was given 2 times, namely 2/3 of the dose given at the age of
2 months. A “high dose” fertilization means that a fertilizer dose of 225 kg N + 108 kg
P2O5 + 120 kg K2O + 5 t of manure was applied by several farmers in the location of
study. This dose was higher than the recommended dose of 112.5 kg N + 108 kg P2O5 +
120 kg K2O. The levels of fertilizer input were based on results of several studies
reported by Taufiq et al. (2016); Wahyuni and Sundari (2014); Noerwijati (2014); and
Wahyuni and Sholihin (2018).
Data Analysis
As a comparison, harvest samples were also taken from non-cooperator farmers who
used traditional methods. To compare the two treatments, a t-test was used and the
harvest plots were taken randomly. Plant harvest was done after ten months of age
(planted at early rainy season January 2013 and harvested at late dry season of October
2013).
The data collected from agronomic observations include plant height, number of
tuber per plant, tuber length, tuber diameter, tuber weight per plot, and starch
concentration of cassava varieties. Plant height at harvest was conducted by measuring
5 plant samples from the soil surface to the upper plant canopy. Yield components
which include the number of tubers, tuber length, and tuber diameter per plant
conducted by measuring 5 plant samples representing plant diversity). Productivity
(ton/ha) was observed by weighing the weight of fresh tubers per plot after harvest
converted to ton per hectare. Quality of tubers was done by analysing of tuber starch
content at harvest.
The data collected were analized using MSTATC by indicating mean separation by
Least Significant Difference (LSD 5%).
Results
Tuber Yield and Yield Components of Cassava
Plant growth for all varieties was very good and significantly different, which was
reflected in the plant height which reached more than 250 cm. The highest average plant
growth rate was obtained in Malang 4 variety which reached 505 cm, followed by
Cecek Ijo, Litbang UK2 and Adira 4 varieties, each reaching 315 cm, 275 cm and 258
cm. While the treatment of differences in input had no effect on plant height (Table 2).
The number of large and small tubers were significantly different between the
varieties tried. Malang 4 variety gave the highest number of tubers (6.61) although it
was not different from Cecek Ijo and Litbang UK2 varieties. Meanwhile, the lowest
average number of large tubers was found in Adira4 variety, namely 5.17. Likewise, the
highest number of small tubers was obtained in Malang 4 variety. All varieties have a
larger number of tubers than small ones. The average variety reaches a large tubers
length between 40 - 50 cm and 17 - 20 cm for small casava tubers. The range of mean
length of cassava for all varieties was 40 - 50 cm (Table 2). While the diameter of large
tubers reached 76 - 78 mm and small tubers between 45 - 47 mm, and this is a size that
is quite large compared to other places which only reaches 50 mm (Table 3). This

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suggests that plant growth and development of tubers are very good because they are
supported by very suitable land conditions accompanied by proper management.
Meanwhile, the input difference treatment did not affect all observed parameters.
Table 2. Plant height, number of tuber, and length of tuber of several varieties of cassava
and fertilizer inputs
Length of Length
Plant Number of big Number of small
Treatments big tuber small tuber
height (cm) tuber/plant tuber/plant
(cm) (cm)
Varieties:
Cecek Ijo 315.88 b 6.28 ab 2.81 b 53.56 20.58
Malang 4 505.89 a 6.61 a 7.58 a 35.11 17.83
Litbang UK 2 275.67 c 6.33 ab 2.76 b 53.11 19.02
Adira 4 258.33 c 5.17 b 2.67 b 39.41 18.67
LSD 0.05 18.2 1.2 2.8 ns ns
Fertilizer dose*:
Low 316.92 6.58 4.24 44.70 18.31
Medium 358.50 6.60 4.00 45.47 19.43
High 363.00 5.54 3.62 45.73 19.32
LSD 0.05 ns ns ns ns ns
*Low dose: 90 kg N + 76 kg P2O5 + 90 K20; Medium dose: 112.5 kg N + 108 kg P2O5 + 120 kg K20;
*High dose: 225 kg N + 108 kg P2O5 + 180 kg K20 + 5 t manure. The value for the same observation
in the same treatment followed by the same letter is not significantly different according to the 5% LSD
test
Table 3. Tuber diameter, tuber yield, and starch concentration of cassava varieties and
fertilizer input
Big tuber Small tuber Tuber
Starch concentration
Treatments diameter diameter yield
(%)
(mm) (mm) (t/ha)
Varieties:
Cecek Ijo 77.97 47.56 67.66 b 22.14
Malang 4 77.89 47.28 61.67 b 22.68
Litbang UK 2 76.22 47.87 80.22 a 18.60
Adira 4 76.67 45.15 52.33 c 22.20
LSD 0.05 ns ns 8.12
Fertilizer dose*:
Low 79.46 50.03 66.08 b 22.35
Medium 75.49 45.08 89.22 a 22.26
High 76.62 45.78 83.33 a 22.14
LSD 0.05 ns ns 12.31 ns
*Low dose: 90 kg N + 76 kg P2O5 + 90 K20; Medium dose: 112.5 kg N + 108 kg P2O5 + 120 kg K20;
*High dose: 225 kg N + 108 kg P2O5 + 180 kg K20 + 5 t manure. The value for the same observation
in the same treatment followed by the same letter is not significantly different according to the 5% LSD
test
Tuber yield per ha among varieties was significantly different (Table 3). The highest
tuber yields (80.22 t / ha) were obtained by Litbang UK 2 variety which was 19%
higher than Cecek Ijo local variety (67.66 t/ha). Malang4 and Adira4 varieties yielded
of 61.67, and 52.33. t / ha, respectively which was lower than Cecek Ijo local variety.

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Litbang UK 2 as a new high yielding variety, showed high response to a very good
growing environment such as in Kalipare. However, the Litbang UK 2 variety had the
lowest starch content (18.60%), compared to other varieties, which was above 20%. The
Litbang UK2 variety was moderately resistant to mite based on the field experiment and
the greenhouse experiment (Sholihin et al., 2022b).
In the present study, the high fertilizer dose of 225 kg N + 108 kg P2O5 + 180 kg
K2O + 5 t of manure yielded 83.33 t/ha which was 7% lower than the medium dose of
112.5 kg N + 108 kg P2O5 + 120 kg K2O which yielded 89.22 t/ha (Table 3). The
performance of cassava plants and fresh tubers is presented in Figure 2.
Figure 2. The performance of cassava plants and fresh tubers in Sukowilangun village,
Kalipare sub-district, Malang district, East Java province, Indonesia, 2013
Discussion
The Role of Varieties
The performance of Litbang UK 2 improve variety was the best among four varieties
tested as well as Cecek Ijo local variety. Litbang UK 2 could replace Cecek Ijo local
variety which was the existing variety grown by farmers. This result agreed with the
result reported by Radjit et al. (2014) that Litbang UK2 was also the variety of choice in
Lampung province. Cassava genotype interacts with the environment for the characters
of fresh tuber yield, starch content, and starch yield (Noerwijati, 2014).
The Role of Fertilizer Dose

Fertilizer application is one of the key factors in achieving high yields. From the
results of the current soil analysis (Table 1), the content of C-organic, N and K was very
low, therefore the addition of these elements was needed. To achieve optimal results,
cassava requires relatively high organic matter, namely 2 - 4% and K fertilizer is
absolutely necessary for growing tubers (Howeler, 2012). The present study showed the
addition of 5 t of manure as organic matter yielded did not increase tuber yield
compared to medium dose (Table 3).

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In Alfisol soil in Nigeria, fertilizing cassava with high doses (2.5 t of manure +
450 kg NPK / ha) can increase tuber yield by 39.5% and NPK levels in leaves (Ojeniyi
et al., 2012). Cassava planted in good land preparation, suitable time period for
plantation, and other important inputs may improve the technical efficiency of cassava
farming (Soukkhamthat and Wong, 2016). The 300 kg ha-1 of NPK did achieve a
significant output on both growth and yield parameters compare to the other rates. The
number of tuber per plant and fresh tuber yield increased by 49% and 133%,
respectively in the plot which received 300 kg ha-1 of NPK compared to the controls.
There was a significant correlation (r=0.6533 at P =0.0005) between the NPK fertilizer
rates and fresh tuber yield in Loulouni. The results will form a basis for NPK use on
cassava in the study area and policy briefs in the country (Macalou et al., 2018).
The use of organic fertilizers is proven to be effective in increasing yields. Organic
fertilization reduces soil bulk, increases porosity and root growth, and root growth
correlates with tuber yield. Fertilization of 135 kg N/ha accompanied by 5 t/ha organic
fertilizer increased the yield by 20% compared to only N fertilizer, and the yield
obtained was equivalent to fertilizing 135 kg N/ha, 54 kg P2O5/ha, 60 kg K2O/ha
(Prasetyo et al., 2014). Cassava tuber yields of 20 - 50 t/ha were obtained in 4 locations
in Java (South Malang, Wonogiri, Tulunggagung, and Karanganyar) with 135 kg N/ha,
36 kg P2O5/ha and 60-90 kg K2O/ha (Taufiq et al., 2016). At fertilization dose of 135 kg
N/ha, 36 kg P2O5/ha, 60-90 kg K2O/ha, cassava yields reached 43-91 t/ha (Wahyuni and
Sundari, 2014; Noerwijati, 2014; Wahyuni and Sholihin, 2018). Cassava yields were
positively correlated with plant growth, indicated that an increase in nutrient supply will
improve growth and will further increase yields (Sutrisno and Sundari, 2013). Fertilizer
N, P and especially K is really recommended to be applied in some countries due to
farmers are mostly still less utilized this kind of input (Abula and Mohammed, 2013;
Patino et al., 2013; Biscaye et al., 2015). The highest fresh and dry weight of cassava
storage roots was achieved in the application of 138 kg N + 36 kg P2O5 + 60 kg K2O +
37 kg Ca + 13 kg Mg + 41 kg S/ha (Subekti et al., 2021).
Conclusions
On the light soils with a deep tillage layer (60-80 cm), and relatively low soil
fertility, such as in the Kalipare - South Malang area, to obtain high yields of cassava,
UK2 variety can be planted with a moderate dose of fertilization, namely 112.5 kg N +
108 kg P2O5/ha. The technology package was able to produce 80.22 t/ha tuber
production, higher than the use of other varieties such as Cecek Ijo, Malang4, and
Adira4. However, starch content UK 2 variety (18.6%) was lower than other varieties,
which reached more than 22%.
Acknowledgements. The authors would like to acknowledge the Director General of the Indonesian
Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) for the research funding, to the Head of
ILETRI who have guided of this research, and to technicians for the support during the implementation
this research.

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SURAT PERNYATAAN

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, kami penulis KTI:

Malang, Mei 2023

Runik Dyah P Yudi Widodo Ruly Krisdiana I. G. K. D. Arsana R. Budiono

APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

ALÖKI Applied Ecological Research and Forensic Institute Ltd., Budapest

Penkala Ltd., Budapest

Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Ecotheology of John Wesley Theological College

Department of Environmental Security of John Wesley Theological College

Association of Natural Research of Gödöllő

Adaptation to Climate Change Research Group

Landscape Architecture and Landscape Ecology PhD School

Hungarian Group of International Biometric Society

Hungarian Association of Agricultural Informatics

Community, ecosystem and global ecology

Biodiversity and ecosystem research, microbiology, botany and zoology

Printed by ALÖKI Kft., H-1185 Budapest, Kassa u. 118.

ISSN 1589 1623 (Print)

Levente Hufnagel, PhD, habil. (2010-)

Márta Gaál, PhD (2003-2009)

István Láng, MHAS, Prof. (2009-2016)

Zsolt Harnos, MHAS, Prof. (2003-2008)

Otar Abdaladze, Prof. (2014-)

Éva Ács, DSc, Prof. (2013-)

Temirzhan Erkasovich Aitbayev, DSc., Academician of NASRK (2014-)

Kochuparampil Ajith Joseph, PhD (2016-)

José Ramón Arévalo Sierra, Prof. (2014-)

Margarita Arianoutsou-Faragitaki, Prof. (2014-)

Judit Bartholy, DSc, Prof. (2008-)

Gábor Bakonyi, DSc, Prof. (2014-)

Afework Bekele, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Nikolai Berlinsky, Prof. (2014-)

László Bozó, MHAS, Prof. (2013-)

Sansanee Choowaew, PhD (2014-)

Bujar H. Durmishi, PhD (2015-)

Olga Z. Eremchenko, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Éva Erdélyi, PhD (2010-2013)

Antal Ferenczy, PhD (2003-2011)

Nándor Fodor, PhD (2012-)

Márta Gaál, PhD (2003-2012)

Christian Germain, PhD (2003-)

Michael J. Gormally, PhD (2014-)

Gustavo Graciolli, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Levente Horváth, PhD (2010-)

Levente Hufnagel, PhD, habil. (2003-)

Mária Höhn, PhD, habil. (2013-)

Amin Ismayilov, DSc, Prof. (2014-)

András Ittzés, PhD (2003-2014)

Paweł Janiszewski, PhD, habil. (2018-)

Yasmina Jaufeerally-Fakim, PhD, Prof. (2014-)

Sven D. Jelaska, PhD (2014-)

Benjamin R. Jordan, PhD (2014-)

Ferenc Jordán, DSc (2014-2019)

Elsabe Julies, Dr. (2014-)

Tibor Kalapos, PhD (2015-)

Mitja Kaligarič, Prof. (2014-)

Osman Ketenoglu, Prof. (2014-)

Hristofor Kirchev, PhD (2016-)