Questions Answers For Interview Reg. in NHAI (All Type)

Questions/Answers for Interview in NHAI
Que.1- Which IRC/Code is applicable for 2 to 4-lane or new 4-lane Construction of Highways?
Ans.1- IRC: SP: 84-2019 (Manual of Specifications and Standards for Four laning of Highways and
IRC: SP: 87 for six laning.
Que.2- What is Design Speed in Plain/Rolling & Mountainous terrain?

Ans.2- Plain & Rolling - Ruling: 100 km/h
Minimum: 80 km/h
Mountainous - Ruling: 60 km/h
Minimum: 40 km/h
Que.3- What is the ROW requirement of 4-lane highway?

Ans.3- Minimum ROW required is 60mtr.
Que.4- What is standard lane width of highway?

Ans.4- 3.5mtr (One lane/each lane)
Que.5- What is the minimum Median width?

Ans.5- Open Area: 5.0mtr (including 0.5mtr shyness)
Built up Area: 2.5mtr
Que.6- How much is Kerb Shyness?

Ans.6- 0.50m on either side.
Que.7- What is paved shoulder width in built up area/open area?

Ans.7- 2.5 meter
Que.8- What is cross fall/camber requirement?

Ans.8- 2.5% on bituminous surface & 2% on cement concrete surface.
Que.9- What is the limit of Super Elevation?

Ans.9- Maximum 7%, If radius of curve is less than desirable minimum.
It shall be limited to 5% it radius is more than desirable minimum.
Que.10- What is desirable Radii of Horizontal Curves?

Ans.10- (i) Plain and Rolling - Minimum 400m, Absolute minimum 250m.
(ii) Mountain and steep - Minimum 150m, Absolute minimum 75m.
Que.11- What is Safe Stopping Sight distance?

Ans.11- For speed of 100km/h it is 180mtr and for speed of 80km/h it is 130mtr.
Que.12- What is permissible limit for gradient?

Ans.12- Plain & Rolling Terrain: Ruling 2.5%, limiting 3.3%
Mountains – Ruling 5%, limiting 6.0%
Que.13- What are vertical and Horizontal clearance for underpasses?
Ans.13- Vehicle underpass: Vertical 5.5m, Horizontal 20m
LVUP (Light VUP) - Vertical 4.0m, Horizontal 12m
SVUP (Smaller VUP) - Vertical 4.0m, Horizontal 7m
Que.14- What are dimensions of services road?

Ans.14- In open area with limited built up area 7m wide and earthen shoulder on either side with
1.5m.
In built up area 7.5m wide, Including Kerb Shyness of .25m on either side.
Que.15- What is design speed for service road?

Ans.15- Minimum 40km/h.
Que.16- What are the requirements for Acceleration deceleration lanes?

Ans.16- (i) Width: 5.5m
(ii) Taper at merge: 1 in 15.
Que.17- What is grade separator?

Ans.17- The structure through which the traffic flows at different levels are called grade separated
structures. (Example: VUP, VOP, LVUP, SVUP, ROB, RUB).
Que.18- What is minimum height requirement for embankment?

Ans.18- (i) Top of the Subgrade shall be at least 0.60 m above the general ground level in case of
existing road.
(ii) Bottom of the subgrade shall be 1.0m above the HFL.
Que.19- What does CBR stands for? What is effective CBR?

Ans.19- California Bearing Ratio. Higher the CBR value indicates better quality of earth.
Effective CBR; where there is large difference between the CBR of selective sub-grade and
embankment soil the design should be based on effective CBR. The effective CBR of the
sub-grade can be determined as per the procedure given in para-6.4 of IRC: 37-2018).
Que.20- What are the types of pavements?

Ans.20- (i) Rigid (ii) Flexible
Que.21- What are various layers of rigid pavement?

Ans.21- Pavement Quality Concrete (M-40) - PQC (280 to 300 mm).
Dry Lean concrete - DLC (150 mm).
Granular sub base - GSB (150 to 300 mm).
Sub Grade 500 m embankment.
Que.22- What are various layer in flexible pavement?
Ans.22- BC (Bituminous concrete) – 50mm or 40mm
DBM (Dense bituminous macadam) – 90mm to 130mm
WMM (Wet mix macadam) – 250mm (in two layers 125mm each)
GSB (Granular sub base) – 200mm to 300mm
Subgrade – 500mm embankment
Que.23- What is the method of design of flexible pavement?

Ans.23- Flexible pavement is designed as per IRC-37. Design is based on traffic in MSA and CBR
value of soil.
Que.24- What is the method of designing rigid pavement?

Ans.24- Rigid pavement are designed as per IRC-58 as plain joined Rigid pavements for highways.
Que.25- What is design period for flexible pavements?

Ans.25- (i) 15 years’ minimum design period subject to design traffic shall not be less than 20msa.
(ii) Stage Construction shall not be permitted as per new code.
Que.26- What is design period for Rigid pavements?

Ans.26- Minimum design period 30 years. No stage construction.
Que.27- What is permissible roughness value?

Ans.27- Rigid pavement: 2000mm/km for each lane.
Flexible pavement: 1800mm/km for each lane.
Roughness is measured twice a year.
Que.28- How do you determining the thickness of overlay?

Ans.28- The thickness of bituminous overlay is determined on the basis of FWD (Falling Weight
Deflect meter) test as per IRC:115-2014. Minimum thickness is 50mm BC, after attending
the requirement of profile correction.
Que.29- What are EPC Contracts?

Ans.29- EPC stands for Engineering Procurement Construction. In these contracts the payments are
made by the Authority as per work done by the contractor in accordance with Schedule-H.
Que.30- What do you understand (VERY BRIEFLY) by contracts on HAM mode?

Ans. 30- HAM stands for Hybrid Annuity Mode.
In these contracts 40% payment is made to the concessionaire during construction in five
instalments of 8% (each) based on progress stipulated.
Balance 60% payment shall be made in 15 years in 30 instalments (semi annuities) as
prescribed in CA.
Concessionaire shall maintain the highway for 15 years of concession period.
Que.31- What are salient aspects of BOT (Toll) projects?
Ans.31- BOT (Toll) projects are financed by concessionaire using his equity, debt (borrowing from
financial institutions like Banks etc.) and grant by NHAI as per bid.
Concession period that is inclusive of construction period is fixed by the NHAI in bid.
Toll collection and maintenance is responsibility of concessionaire.
Grant is disbursed by the NHAI on the recommendation of IE as per policy laid down.
Toll collection starts after COD is issued.
Que. 32- What are various important schedules in model agreements?

Ans. 32- The model agreements consist of various schedules from Schedules- A to Schedule-P.
Important schedules are: -
Schedule-A: Describes the existing features of the highway i.e. existing bridges, existing
road way width, exiting ROW etc.
Schedule-B: Defines scope of work as per CA.
Schedule-C: Defines the scope of project facilities like Electrification, toll plaza locations,
way side amenities, plantation etc.
Schedule- D: Described Specification and standards IRC: SP:84-2019.
Schedule-H: Stipulates stages of payments and their weightage.
Schedule-J: Defines various mile stones of the project.
Que.33- What are the various test to be performed on soil to ascertain is suitability for road
construction?
Ans.33- (i) CBR Value (In case available material fails to meet requirement of CBR, then use of
stabilisation method to be followed)
(ii) Free swelling index (Max permissible is 50%)
(iii) Liquid limit (Max permissible 50)
(iv) Plasticity Index (Max permissible 25)
Que.34- What are the various things to check to ascertain is suitability of sand for road construction?
Ans.34- (i) Sand should be free from mica contents otherwise it shall affect durability of concrete.
(ii) It should be free from dirt/silt, otherwise it should be washed & drained for at least 72
hours before use.
Que.35- What are the various test to be performed on aggregate to ascertain is suitability for road
construction?
Ans.35-
Item Aggregate impact Abrasion value Combined elongation and Water absorption
value (Maximum) flakiness indices (Maximum)
(Maximum) (Maximum)
GSB 40% - - 2%
WMM 30% 40% 35% 2%
DBM 27% 35% 35% 2%
BC 24% 30% 35% 2%
Que.36 What are various grades of bitumen used in Highway construction?
Ans.36- VG-40, VG-30, VG-20 & VG-10. (VG Strength of Viscosity Grade)
Que.37- How will you work out Change of Scope (COS) for reduction in scope of the project?
Ans.37- Clause – 16.6.1 of CA - The following process shall be followed for calculation of total cost
of reduce scope: -
1. IE shall work out the civil cost of reduce scope as per SOR applicable on bid due date.
2. The civil cost of reduce scope shall be multiplied by 1.15 to arrive at estimated cost of reduced
scope.
3. The estimated cost of reduced scope than shall be multiplied by the ratio of bid project cost
to estimated project cost to arrive at the total cost of reduced scope.
Thereafter before a payment Milestone the bid project cost shall be reduced by total cost of
reduce scope and payment made to the concessionaire shall be suitably adjusted and
recoveries if any shall be made from the payment to be released on that payment milestone.
Que.38- How will you work out cost of COS due to additional work ordered on concessionaire.
Ans.38- Cost of additional work shall be worked out as prevailing SOR of that State. Item not
covered in SOR shall be assessed based on market rate supported with minimum three
quotations. 20% advance payment can be made on COS order.
Que.39- What is the effect of Change of Scope on O & M Cost?

Ans.39- O & M payments as provided in Clause-23.7 shall be reduced or increased in proportion to
the reduction or increase in the length of the Project Highway.
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Questions/Answers related to Bridge/Structural Engineer
Que.1- What do you understand by scour depth?
Ans.1- It is the maximum depth of River bed scour caused by erosion force of base flood discharge.
Que.2- How do you work out scour depth theoretically?

Ans.2- It is determined by Lacy Formulae. Normal depth of scour R = C{Q/f) ⅓
C = Constant, Q = Designed flood discharge, f = Silt factor = 1.76√d, d = Particle size in mm
Que.3- How do you measure score depth practically when the pier is underwater?
Ans.3- It is determined by actual measurement on ground by soundings, using heavy plumb or
physical measurements using long bamboo.
Que.4- Which IRC code governs the design of pile foundations?

Ans.4- IRC: 78 governs the design of pile foundation. Pile foundation can be of end bearing, friction
piles or combination of both.
Que.5- What do you understand by grip length? What is the minimum grip length?
Ans.5- The depth of the bottom of well foundation below the lowest scour level is known as Grip
length. The minimum grip length is 1.2 m for piers.
Que.6- What are the various types of girders for bridges?

Ans.6- Various type of Bridge girders are – RCC Girder, PSC-Pretention Girder, PSC- Posttension
Girder, PSC Box Girder, composite girder, bowstring girder etc.
Que.7- What do you understand by PSC girder?

Ans.7- Full form of the PSC is Pre Stressed Concrete. Here PSC Girder stands for a girder in which
desired compressive stress is induced in the girder to contract designed live load and dead load.
Que.8- What all you will check before launching in PSC girder?
Ans.8- Check points are as follows:
1. The girder shall be checked visually for any cracks on surface etc.
2. Hogging shall be checked to ensure it is within permissible limit.
3. Complete barricading of the area shall be ensure for safety.
4. The site of erection and the approach to be leveled, dressed and rolled (if required) so that the
machineries viz; cranes and trailers move and can be placed on s firm ground in correct
position.
5. All lifting tackles viz; Slings, D- Shackle, U clamp ropes and temporary packing viz. wooden
block etc. to be checked regarding the Quality/ Soundness and kept near site.
6. Bridge bearing location over bearing pedestal has to be checked.
7. Temporary girder arresting arrangement after launching need to be ensured to avoid falling
of girder.
8. Entire movement area of girder has to be cordoned for the movement of work force and
general public.
Que.9- What are the various types of pile testing?
Ans.9- Basically there are two type of Pile testing – (i) Initial Load Test & (ii) Routine Load Test.
Que.10- Why do you carry out Pile load testing?

Ans.10- We do Pile Load testing to find out load carrying capacity of the pile. Initial Pile load testing
is done to find out the ultimate load carrying capacity of the pile. And Routine Load test is done
to ensure design load.
Que.11- How much is the minimum longitudinal gradient kept in bridges?

Ans.11- As per IRC: 5 maximum longitudinal gradient shall be, the recommended value of ruling
gradient for plain or rolling terrain is 1 in 30 or 3.3 % and cross slope shall be as per highway slope.
Que.12- What do you understand by high performance concrete?

Ans.12- High Performance Concrete (HPC) is designed for at least one following outstanding
property – (i) Compressive Strength (ii) Workability (iii) Enhance resistance to Chemical or
Mechanical stress. Usually water cement ratio is kept 0.2
Que.13- What is difference between quality assurance & quality control?

Ans.13- Quality control can be defined as part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality
requirements. While quality assurance relates to how a process is performed or how a product is
made.
Que.14- What do you understand by proctor test and modified proctor test?
Ans.14- Proctor Test is a process of finding Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) at which highest
density can be achieved through compaction.
Modified Proctor Test is performed to know the characteristics of soil through compaction with
change in water content ultimately giving us the relation between soil moisture content and dry
density of soil.
Que.15- What do you understand by work zone traffic Management Plan?

Ans.15- The measures taken in the construction zone to ensure safety and smooth movement of
traffic is called work zone traffic Management Plan (IRC: SP: 55). Following are considered:-
(a) Safety for road users and workers.
(b) Minimum hindrance for delay to road users.
(c) Clear guidance to road users to avoid confusion.
(d) Road side safety by barricading.
(e) This is achieved by proper road signs, barricading, flag system for regulating traffic
movement’s traffic cones, hazard markers, retro reflective painting (for night signs) etc.
Que.16- What do you understand by tilting and shifting in well foundation? What are there
permissible limits?
Ans.16- Shifting and tilting occur generally during the sinking phase of well foundations. The
inclination of the axis of well from vertical is called tilting. The limit is 1:80.
The horizontal displacement of central of well at its based from designed location is
called shifting. The limit is 150 mm.
Que.17- What do you understand by rating of bridges as per IRC Code?

Ans.17- It is a procedure for assessing the strength, evaluating the safe load carrying capacity and
provide information about rating and posting of bridge to owners. Code of practice for determining
the rating is IRC: SP:37-2010.
Rating and posting of a bridge are desirable for all old and new bridges. It becomes essential to do so
when:
a) The design live load is less than that of the heaviest statutory commercial vehicle plying or likely
to ply on the bridge
b) The design live load is not known
c) Where records and drawings are not available
d) The bridge, during inspections (routine or special), is found to indicate distress of serious nature
leading to doubts about its structural and/or functional adequacy.
Que.18- What do you understand by calming measures?

Ans.18- Traffic calming measures are: To make road safer so that drivers are forced to slow
down. These are
• Speed humps
• Centre Island
• Realignment
• Traffic Circle
• Entry-ways
• Speed Table
• Raised Cross walk
• Lane narrowing
• Median Barriers etc.
Que.19- What do you understand by special vehicle loading? How much is the special vehicle
loading?
Ans.19- Special Vehicle Loading may be defined as Over Dimensioned Consignment (ODC).
Overweight Consignments (OWC). The special vehicle loading as per MORTH circular is 385
tons.
Que.20- What do you understand by composite girders?
Ans.20- Bridges where the concrete deck slabs and the main girders of steel work together to resist
loads are called composite girder bridges.
Que.21- What are the various safety measures you will take during construction of bridges/ viaducts?
Ans.21- The various safety measures you will take during construction of bridges/ viaducts -
a. Provide Training Before Tool Use or Heavy Equipment Operation.
b. Assess Each Site to Identify and Minimize Dangers.
c. Require Every Worker to Wear Protective Equipment.
d. Implement Practices for Safe Site Visits.
e. Investigate How to Reduce Fatigue.
Que.22- What are the various IRC Codes referred in bridge construction?
Ans.22- The various IRC Codes referred in bridge construction -
1. Provision for general features of design IRC: 5 - Section I

2. Provision for loads and stress IRC: 6 - Section II
3. Provision for Working stress method IRC: 21 and IS: 456
4. Provision for Limit state method IRC: 112 and IS: 456
5. Provision for Dead load IS: 875 - Part I
6. Provision for Live load IS: 875 - Part II
7. Provision for Wind load IS: 875 - Part III
8. Provision for Snow load IS: 875 - Part IV
9. Provision for Special load and load combination IS: 875 - Part V
10. Provision for Seismic load IS: 1893
Que.23- What is the designed life of structures?

Ans.23- All components are designed for 100 years.
Que.24- What is the design load for structures?

Ans.24- The design load and stresses are as per IRC:6.
Que.25- Design discharge of bridges is for how many years?

Ans.25- Design discharge is for flood of 100 years return period.
Que.26- What are the various types of foundations for bridges?

Ans.26- (i) Open Foundations (ii) Pile Foundations (iii) Well Foundations (iv) Raft Foundations\
Que.27- What is grade separator?

Ans.27- The structure through which the traffic flows at different levels are called grade separated
structures. (Example: VUP, VOP, LVUP, SVUP, ROB, RUB)

Questions/Answers for Interview in NHAI (HAM Projects)
Que.1- What do you understand by contracts on HAM mode?

prescribed in CA.
NHAI shall collect the toll after the project completion.
Que.2- How do you prepare Change of Scope proposal in HAM projects?

Ans.2- COS Proposal in HAM is done in following steps:-
Step 1: Civil cost to be worked out as per SOR of bid due date.
Step 2: This civil cost shall be multiply by 1.08 to arrive at estimated cost of reduced scope.
Step 3: The estimated cost shall then be multiplied by the ratio of bid project cost to estimated
cost to arrive at total cost of reduced scope.
Step 4: Payment for O&M shall be reduced/ increased in proportion to reduction/ increase in
length of the project highway.
Que.3- What do you understand by Traffic calming measures?

Ans.3 Traffic calming is done for reducing vehicle speed, providing more space for pedestrians and
cyclist and improving the local environment.
Basically Traffic Calming is reducing the vehicle speed to reduce accident. The following is
provided:
(a) Road narrowing
(b) Round-about & road humps
(c) Rumble strips
(d) Warning signs
(e) Speed Cameras
(f) Hazard marking
Que.4- What are the guidelines for use of new material in the project?
Ans.4- IRC: SP: 87, describe following conditions:-
• The proposed new material should be equal or better product.
• It should be covered in any of the International Standards, code of practice specifications
guidelines etc.
The new material should have been used in similar projects and certified for its successful
performance, for at least for 5 years its service life.
Questions/Answers for Pavement Engineering
Que.1- What are the various types of Highway Pavements?

Ans.1- Basically, Highway Pavements are two types- (i) Rigid (ii) Flexible
Que.2- What are the various layers in Rigid Pavements?
Ans.2- Pavement Quality Concrete (M-40) - PQC (280 to 300mm)
Dry Lean concrete - DLC (150mm)
Granular sub base - GSB (150 to 300mm)
Sub Grade 500m embankment
Que.3- What are the various layers in Flexible Pavements?

Ans.3- BC (Bituminous concrete) - 50mm or 40mm
DBM (Dense bituminous macadam) - 90mm to 130mm
WMM (Wet mix macadam) - 250mm (in two layers 125mm each)
GSB (Granular sub base/ CTGSB) - 200mm to 300mm
Subgrade - 500mm embankment
Que.4- What is the main difference in Design philosophy of Rigid and Flexible Pavements?
value of soil. Rigid pavement are designed as per IRC-58 as plain joined Rigid pavements
for highways.
Que.5- Which codes are required for design of Pavements?

Ams.5- IRC: 37- 2018 for Flexible Pavements.
IRC: 58- for Rigid Pavement.
Que.6- What is perpetual pavement?

Ans.6- Perpetual Pavement are long lasting Pavement designed for long life of 50 years. The
thickness of DBM comes generally 250 mm and in place of BC we provide SMA (Stone
Mastic Asphalt)



existing road.
Que.10- What does CBR stands for?

value of soil.
Que. What are the various grads of DBM & BC?

Ans: DBM is of two grades: DBM Grade-I with 4% bitumen and DBM grade-II with 4.5% bitumen.
BC is also of 2 grades: Grade-I & Grade-II.
Que. Why do we do job mix design for DBM & BC?

Ans: Job mix design is done to find optimum bitumen percentages in a mix.
This is done using marshal stability method.
In this marshal moulds are casted with different bitumen contents.
These moulds are tested for stability, flow value and void contents.
Based on test results the design is finalized.
Que. Have you done job mix design for DBM & BC? How it is done in the levorotary
Ans:
Que. How do you carry out jointing at junction of rigid and flexible payments?
Ans:




Que.16- How do you determining the thickness of overlay?

Ans.16- The thickness of bituminous overlay is determined on the basis of FWD (Falling Weight
Deflect meter) test as per IRC:115-2014. Minimum thickness is 50mm BC, after attending
the requirement of profile correction.
construction?
Que. What do you understand by effective CBR? How it is determined?

Ans: California Bearing Ratio. Higher the CBR value indicates better quality of earth. Effective CBR;
where there is large difference between the CBR of selective sub-grade and embankment soil
the design should be based on effective CBR. The effective CBR of the sub-grade can be
determined as per the procedure given in para-6.4 of IRC: 37-2018).
hours before use.
construction?
Ans.21-
Item Aggregate Abrasion Combined elongation Water
impact value value and flakiness indices absorption
(Maximum) (Maximum) (Maximum) (Maximum)
GSB 40% - - 2%
WMM 30% 40% 35% 2%
DBM 27% 35% 35% 2%
BC 24% 30% 35% 2%
Que.22- What are various grades of bitumen used in Highway construction?

Ans.22- VG-40, VG-30, VG-20 & VG-10. (VG Strength of Viscosity Grade)
Que.17- What are EPC Contracts?

Ans.17- EPC stands for Engineering Procurement Construction. In these contracts the payments are
made by the Authority as per work done by the contractor in accordance with Schedule-H.
Que.18- What do you understand (VERY BRIEFLY) by contracts on HAM mode?

prescribed in CA.
Question/ Answers for Road Safety Expert
Que.1 What are the various codes applicable for Road Safety?
Ans.1 IRC: 35 for Road Marking.
IRC: 67 for Road Signs.
IRC: 99 for Calming Measures
IRC: 55 for Traffic management in working zones
IRC: SP: 88 for Manual of Road Safety Audit
IRC: 119 for Guidelines for Traffic safety barriers
MORTH Specifications (section 800)
Manual of Standards and Specifications, IRC: SP: 84-2019 (section 09)
Que.2 What are the types of Road Signs?

Ans.2 There are 3 types of Road Signs:-
(a) Mandatory/ Regulatory Signs. Red Colour
(b) Cautionary and warning Signs. Red Colour
(c) Informatory Signs. Blue/ Green Colour
Que.3 What type of sign is provided on curves?

Ans.3 Warning signs in advance and chevrons on outer Edge of curve shall be provided.
Que.4- How will check Road sign/ road marking?

Ans.4- Road sign/ marking checked by retro reflecto-meter.
Que.5 What type of paint is used for Road marking?

Ans.5 Hot applied thermo plastic paint with glass beads is provided.
Que.6 What do you provide to improve visibility at night time and wet weather conditions?
Ans.6 Road studs (reflective pavement markers) are provided to improve visibility during night time
and wet weather conditions.
Que.7 What are the various types of Safety Barriers?

Ans. 7 Three types of Safety Barriers are as under:-
a) Metal beam safety barriers which is - semi rigid type
(i) “W” beam type steel
(ii) Thrie beam type steel
b) Concrete Safety Barriers –like New Jersy Crash Barrier –Rigid type.
c) Wire rope safety barrier – Flexible type.
Que.8 What is Work Zone Traffic Management Plan (WTMPs)?

Ans.8 The measures taken in the construction zone to ensure safety and smooth movement of traffic
is called work zone traffic Management Plan (IRC: SP: 55). Following are considered:-
(f) Safety for road users and workers.
(g) Minimum hindrance for delay to road users.
(h) Clear guidance to road users to avoid confusion.
(i) Road side safety by barricading.
(j) This is achieved by proper road signs, barricading, flag system for regulating traffic
Que.9 What do you understand by Traffic calming measures?

Ana.9 Traffic calming is done for reducing vehicle speed, providing more space for pedestrians and
cyclist and improving the local environment.
Basically Traffic Calming is reducing the vehicle speed to reduce accident. The following is
provided:
(g) Road narrowing
(h) Round-about & road humps
(i) Rumble strips
(j) Warning signs
(k) Speed Cameras
(l) Hazard marking
Que.10 What is safe stopping distance?

Ans.10 The safe stopping sight distance for speed of 100 km per hour is 180 meters.
The desirable minimum sight distance for speed of 100 km per hour is 360 meters.
Que.11 What is permissible gradients for highways?

Ans.11 2.5% is ruling gradient and 3.3% is limiting gradient in plan and rolling terrain.
Que.12 What is minimum radius for curves?

Ans.12 Absolute minimum radius is 250 meters and desirable is minimum radius is 400 meters.
Que.13 What do you understand by black spots?

Ans.13 Black spot is the location on highway (500 meters) where frequent accidents takes place.
5 road accidents in 3 years involving fatalities or total 10 fatalities in last 3 calendar
years.
Treatment:
(a) Short term treatments like extra signage’s/ caution boards/ road marking / lighting/ repair
of damaged railing etc.
(b) Long term measures like construction of VUP, LVUP, Flyover, service road, grade
separator etc.
Que.14 What are the common causes of road accidents?

Ans.14
(a) Over speeding
(b) Drunken driving
(c) Distractions of driver
(d) Red light jumping
(e) Avoiding safety gears like hailmate, seat belt etc.
(f) Not following lane driving
Que.15 What are the types of Barricades?
Ans.15 4 types
Type-I & type-II…………………. Portable with tripod.
Type-III & type-IV……………… Permanent and continuous.
Que.16 What are the specifications of patrol vehicle?

Ans.16
(a) Should be large size SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle) or MUV (Multi Utility Vehicle) with
seating capacity 4 people.
(b) Should be new vehicle and should not have covered more than 2000 kms.
(c) Vehicle should not be more than 2 year old.
(d) Should have high intensity red and blue blinkers with light bar on lop of vehicle.
(e) Should have provisions of fog lights.
(f) Should have beacon lighting.
(g) The colour of vehicle is brilliant blue.
(h) Emergency number 1033 should be written on all fourth side.
Items inside the vehicle:
(a) Medial kits/ devices
(b) Fire extinguishers of 2 kg. Capacity.
(c) Digital camera
(d) GPS system
(e) Helmets
(f) Rain coats
(g) Ropes/ chains
(h) Night reflecting signage’s.
(i) Small gas cutter.
Que.17 What are specifications for ambulance?
Ans.17
(a) The ambulance vehicle shall be Swaraj Mazda/ Tempo traveller which should be a new
vehicle and should not have covered more than 2000 kms.
(b) Minimum 2 patients capacity vehicle.
(c) Should have 2 fire extinguishers of 2 kg each.
(d) Basic colour should be brilliant blue.
(e) Should be fitted with GPS and medical system.
(f) First aid kit.
(g) Medical devices for immediate requirements.
(h) Portable oxygen supply.
(i) Gas cutter small.
(j) Safety helmets, blanket etc.
(k) Torches and Paramedical staff.
(l) Response time 15 min.
Que.18 What is the requirement of crane facility in O&M project?

Ans.18
(a) Capacity 20 tons
(b) Vehicle Not older than 2 years
(c) GPS system
(d) Driver + Helper (24x7) deployment.
(e) Response time 30 min.
Que.19 What all action you will take in case of accident at site?
Ans.19
(a) Will call safety officer and control room immediately and inform helpline at 1033.
(b) We will send highway patrolling vehicle and ambulance at accident site.
(c) We will inform Project Director, NHAI immediately.
(d) If accident is non-fatal, we will make the inspection report take photographs and open the
traffic.
(e) In case of fatal accidents the police will take further action.
(f) In any case the injured persons shall be shifted to nearest hospital/ trauma centre
immediately.
(g) Site shall be inspected for any improvement in the site conditions to avoid accidents in
future.
Question/ Answers for Senior Quality cum Material Expert
Que.1- (a) Which IRC code covers the quality management?

Ans.1- (a) IRC-SP-112.
Que.1- (b) What are the classes of quality assurance?

Ans.1- (b)
Classes of Quality Assurance Class Nomenclature
Nominal QA Q-1
Normal QA Q-2
High QA Q-3
Extra high QA Q-4
Q-3 class (High QA) is applicable for National Highways and other highways projects.
Que.2- What are the various components of quality management plan?
Ans.2- The main components of quality management plan are as under:-
(i) Brief particulars of projects.
(ii) Scope of civil works.
(iii) Applicable documents and references.
(iv) Quality Policy.
(v) Contractor’s organizations.
(vi) Control of methodology.
(vii) Human resources and training.
(viii) Control of materials and product identifications.
(ix) Control of machinery.
(x) Control of Laboratory testing facilities.
(xi) Control of traffic management.
(xii) Interaction between personal of contractor and engineer.
Que.3- Why do you carry out calibration of laboratory equipment’s?
Ans.3- The calibration is done so that results are accurate.
Que.4- What is the frequency of calibration of laboratory equipment’s?
Ans.4-
Sr. Category Lab Equipment Frequency of Calibration
No.
1 Load Measuring Devices Compression Testing Every Year (Yearly)
2 Length Measuring Micrometres Callipers Steel Every Year (Yearly)
Devices rules Dial gauges
3 Temperature Measuring Thermometers Ovens Water Every Year (Yearly)
Instruments baths And Before use
4 Time Measuring Devices Stop Watches Every Year (Yearly)
5 Weighing machines Physical, electronic and Every Year (Yearly)

common balances, Weights Six monthly based on the use
6 Plants Hot Mix Plant, Wet Mix Every 3 months
Plant Batching Plant
Que.5- Which IRC/Code is applicable for 2 to 4-lane or new 4-lane Construction of Highways?
Ans.5- IRC: SP: 84-2019 (Manual of Specifications and Standards for Four laning of Highways and
IRC: SP: 87 for Six laning.
Que.6- What are the guidelines for use of new material in the project?
Ans.6- IRC: SP: 87, describe following conditions:-
• The proposed new material should be equal or better product.
• It should be covered in any of the International Standards, code of practice specifications
guidelines etc.
The new material should have been used in similar projects and certified for its successful
performance, for at least for 5 years its service life.
Que.7- What are the various types of girders for bridges?

Ans.7- Various type of Bridge girders are – RCC Girder, PSC-Pretention Girder, PSC- Posttension
Girder, PSC Box Girder, composite girder, bowstring girder etc.

Que.9- What all you will check before launching in PSC girder?
Ans.9- Check points are as follows:
9. The girder shall be checked visually for any cracks on surface etc.
10. Hogging shall be checked to ensure it is within permissible limit.
11. Complete barricading of the area shall be ensure for safety.
12. The site of erection and the approach to be leveled, dressed and rolled (if required) so that the
machineries viz; cranes and trailers move and can be placed on s firm ground in correct position.
13. All lifting tackles viz; Slings, D- Shackle, U clamp ropes and temporary packing viz. wooden
block etc. to be checked regarding the Quality/ Soundness and kept near site.
14. Bridge bearing location over bearing pedestal has to be checked.
15. Temporary girder arresting arrangement after launching need to be ensured to avoid falling of
girder.
16. Entire movement area of girder has to be cordoned for the movement of work force and general
public.

Que.11- What do you understand by high performance concrete?
Ans.11- High Performance Concrete (HPC) is designed for at least one following outstanding
property – (i) Compressive Strength (ii) Workability (iii) Enhance resistance to Chemical or
Mechanical stress. Usually water cement ratio is kept 0.2
made.
density of soil.
Que.14- What do you understand by construction and demolition waste management rule 2016?
Ans.14- During construction and demolition lot of waste is getting generated. The MOEF&C
(Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change) has made rule to effectively tackle the issue of
pollution and waste management. This rules apply to everyone who generate waste during
construction & demolition.
(i) Duties of waste generator: segregate the waste, no littering to avoid obstruction to traffic
drain, submit plan for management of waste.
(ii) Duties of service providers & contractors.
(iii) Duties of State Govt. & local authority.
(iv) Duties of Central Government.
(v) Duties of pollution control boards.
Que.15- What are the various types of Highway Pavements?
Ans.15- Basically, Highway Pavements are two types- (i) Rigid (ii) Flexible
Que.16- What are the various layers in Rigid Pavements?
Ans.16- Pavement Quality Concrete (M-40) - PQC (280 to 300mm)
Dry Lean concrete - DLC (150mm)
Granular sub base - GSB (150 to 300mm)
Sub Grade 500m embankment
Que.17- What are the various layers in Flexible Pavements?
Ans.17- BC (Bituminous concrete) - 50mm or 40mm
DBM (Dense bituminous macadam) - 90mm to 130mm
WMM (Wet mix macadam) - 250mm (in two layers 125mm each)
GSB (Granular sub base/ CTGSB) - 200mm to 300mm
Subgrade - 500mm embankment
Que.18- What are the various grades of DBM?

Ans.18- DBM is two types: Grade-1 & Grade-2.
BC is two types: Grade-1 & Grade-2.
Que.20- What are vertical clearance for underpasses?
Ans.20- Vehicle underpass: Vertical 5.5m,

existing road.
Que.22- What does CBR stands for?

value of soil.


construction?
hours before use.
construction?
Ans.30-
Item Aggregate impact Abrasion value Combined elongation and Water absorption
value (Maximum) (Maximum) flakiness indices (Maximum) (Maximum)
GSB 40% - - 2%
WMM 30% 40% 35% 2%
DBM 27% 35% 35% 2%
BC 24% 30% 35% 2%
Que.31- What are various grades of bitumen used in Highway construction?
Ans.31- VG-40, VG-30, VG-20 & VG-10. (VG Strength of Viscosity Grade).
Que.32- How do you measure score depth practically when the pier is underwater?
Ans.32- It is determined by actual measurement on ground by soundings, using heavy plumb or
physical measurements using long bamboo.

Que.35- Why do you carry out Pile load testing?
Ans.35- We do Pile Load testing to find out load carrying capacity of the pile. Initial Pile load testing
is done to find out the ultimate load carrying capacity of the pile. And Routine Load test is done
to ensure design load.

made.
density of soil.
Que.38- What do you understand by work zone traffic Management Plan?

Ans.38- The measures taken in the construction zone to ensure safety and smooth movement of
traffic is called work zone traffic Management Plan (IRC: SP: 55). Following are considered:-
(a) Safety for road users and workers.
(b) Minimum hindrance for delay to road users.
(c) Clear guidance to road users to avoid confusion.
(d) Road side safety by barricading.
(e) This is achieved by proper road signs, barricading, flag system for regulating traffic
Que.39- What do you understand by calming measures?
Ans.39- Traffic calming measures are: To make road safer so that drivers are forced to slow
down. These are
• Speed humps
• Centre Island
• Realignment
• Traffic Circle
• Entry-ways
• Speed Table
• Raised Cross walk
• Lane narrowing
• Median Barriers etc.
Que.40- What do you understand by composite girders?
Ans.40- Bridges where the concrete deck slabs and the main girders of steel work together to resist
loads are called composite girder bridges.
Que.41- What is the designed life of structures?

Ans.41- All components are designed for 100 years.
Que.42- What are the various types of foundations for bridges?

Ans.42- (i) Open Foundations (ii) Pile Foundations (iii) Well Foundations (iv) Raft Foundations\
********************************
AUDIO Interview QUESTIONS:
After Contractor gets the appointed date and Contract Agreement then what is the first thing
they should submit to AE?
Design and Drawing by authorized representative with seals of design director, proof consultant
and safety consultant. Organization chart, QAP, Environmental Management Plan, traffic
management and safety plan, Bank guarantee, construction program.
What are the items in work program and how to determine financial and physical progress in
it?
Cash flow statement, through s-curve.
What is period of review for major structure?

31 days
What is period of review for minor structure?

15 days
Design will be submitted by contractor in order in which he decides to carry out the work.
The sequence and timing of inspection and test will be submitted accordingly.
What are Preconstruction activities?

Applicable permits, schedule-F, pollution certificate, consent for installation of plants, consent of
operation, ground water use permission, Borrow earth permission, private land lease agreement.
What is time frame of design and drawing and plan and profile from appointed date?
Within 90 days all the above mentioned documents should be submitted. COS proposal should be
submitted within first six months.
What are items mandatory for plan and profile? What data should be given first?
What data is mandatory to fix FRL?
HFL data from irrigation data, local enquiry for ground level for water etc.
LVUP and VUP vertical clearance?

LVUP 4 mtr and VUP 5.5 mtr
What will AE do if contractor does not achieve first milestone?

Letter for penalty will be issued.
If contractor gets EOT then how will the AE give price adjustment in SPS?
What is base date in price adjustment and how will it be calculated?
Prior to the 28 days from Last date of the bid.
Which is the code for Pavement design of 2, 4, 6 and 8 lane?

2 lane Without Shoulder IRC SP 73
4 lane IRC SP 84
6 lane IRC SP 87
8 lane IRC SP 99
Which is the code for Design of flexible pavements?

IRC 37
Study the Design of flexible pavements.

Life of flexible pavements is 15 years.
Design 170 MSA.
What are the crust details?
Bitumen grade?
DBM grade?
Study details about DBM mix design and BC mix design.
What is Marshal stability quotient = it is the ratio of stability to flow.
What is GMM?
How to take density of DBM?
About CRMB?
How to mix CRMB?
Types of foundation= Pile foundation, well foundation and open foundation.
Types of pile foundation= end bearing pile and friction pile.
Types of test on foundation and routine pile test.
Pile integrated test study IRC78.
Study Article and schedules.
What happens if there is Dispute between contractor and AE. = DRB
What are the reasons for cracks which happen in flexible pavement?
Excessive rolling, less bitumen percentage, less slope, moisture content.
Minimum horizontal curve radius?
250 mtrs
Where it will reflect in agreement when there is site constraint?
Schedule D.
Details about horizontal curves.
Curve details in plan and profile.
Length of circular curve.
Super elevation.
What are the types of Vertical curve= valley and summit
How to determine these curve.

Questions Answers For Interview Reg. in NHAI (All Type)

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Questions/Answers for Interview in NHAI

Que.2- What is Design Speed in Plain/Rolling & Mountainous terrain?

Que.3- What is the ROW requirement of 4-lane highway?

Que.4- What is standard lane width of highway?

Que.5- What is the minimum Median width?

Que.6- How much is Kerb Shyness?

Que.7- What is paved shoulder width in built up area/open area?

Que.8- What is cross fall/camber requirement?

Que.9- What is the limit of Super Elevation?

Que.10- What is desirable Radii of Horizontal Curves?

Que.11- What is Safe Stopping Sight distance?

Que.12- What is permissible limit for gradient?

Que.14- What are dimensions of services road?

Que.15- What is design speed for service road?

Que.16- What are the requirements for Acceleration deceleration lanes?

Que.17- What is grade separator?

Que.18- What is minimum height requirement for embankment?

Que.19- What does CBR stands for? What is effective CBR?

Que.20- What are the types of pavements?

Que.21- What are various layers of rigid pavement?

Que.23- What is the method of design of flexible pavement?

Que.24- What is the method of designing rigid pavement?

Que.25- What is design period for flexible pavements?

Que.26- What is design period for Rigid pavements?

Que.27- What is permissible roughness value?

Que.28- How do you determining the thickness of overlay?

Que.29- What are EPC Contracts?

Que.30- What do you understand (VERY BRIEFLY) by contracts on HAM mode?

Que. 32- What are various important schedules in model agreements?

Que.39- What is the effect of Change of Scope on O & M Cost?

Que.2- How do you work out scour depth theoretically?

Que.4- Which IRC code governs the design of pile foundations?

Que.6- What are the various types of girders for bridges?

Que.7- What do you understand by PSC girder?

Que.10- Why do you carry out Pile load testing?

Que.11- How much is the minimum longitudinal gradient kept in bridges?

Que.12- What do you understand by high performance concrete?

Que.13- What is difference between quality assurance & quality control?

Que.15- What do you understand by work zone traffic Management Plan?

Que.17- What do you understand by rating of bridges as per IRC Code?

Que.18- What do you understand by calming measures?

1. Provision for general features of design IRC: 5 - Section I

Que.23- What is the designed life of structures?

Que.24- What is the design load for structures?

Que.25- Design discharge of bridges is for how many years?

Que.26- What are the various types of foundations for bridges?

Que.27- What is grade separator?

Que.28- What are vertical and Horizontal clearance for underpasses?

Questions/Answers for Interview in NHAI (HAM Projects)

Que.1- What do you understand by contracts on HAM mode?

Que.2- How do you prepare Change of Scope proposal in HAM projects?

Que.3- What do you understand by Traffic calming measures?

Questions/Answers for Pavement Engineering

Que.1- What are the various types of Highway Pavements?

Que.3- What are the various layers in Flexible Pavements?

Que.5- Which codes are required for design of Pavements?

Que.6- What is perpetual pavement?

Que.7- What is permissible limit for gradient?

Que.8- What are vertical and Horizontal clearance for underpasses?

Que.9- What is minimum height requirement for embankment?

Que.11- What is the method of design of flexible pavement?

Que. What are the various grads of DBM & BC?

Que. Why do we do job mix design for DBM & BC?