LESSON OBJECTIVES EPISTEMOLOGY

At the end of this lesson, students are able to:

Postmodern 1. Understand what postmodern framework of

thinking is.
PHILOSOPHY OF KNOWLEDGE

What is the nature of

Framework of 2. Appreciate the postmodern framework in
thinking and deciding about current issues of
human knowledge?
morality.

Thinking 3. Develop an attitude of thinking in ethics in a

postmodern way.
How do we know?

Presented by: 4. Apply the postmodern framework in moral MODERN POSTMODERN

decision-making.
RESTIE ALLAN A. PUNO, Ed.D., LPT EPISTEMOLOGY EPISTEMOLOGY
College of Arts and Humanities
Palawan State University
Specialized Education General Education
The Old Paradigm The New Paradigm

ADVERSE RELATIONS OF VARIOUS FIELDS

MODERN EPISTEMOLOGY MODERN FRAMEWORK FOR LEARNING
FIELD METHOD CONTENT SCIENCE
(Discipline) (Process) (Subject-Matter) Its own truth
SUBJECT COGNITION OBJECT Philosophy Rational (Mind alone) Ultimate reality of all things PHILOSOPHY
The Knower The Act of Mind The Known Natural Science Scientific (Observation, Its own truth SOCIOLOGY
Natural, physical phenomena Its own truth
(Physics etc.) hypothesis, etc.)
Reality Mathematics Analytic (Computation) Number and their relations Which discipline
WORLD THEOLOGY has the best claim
Truth Sociology Positivist (Survey, statistics) Social phenomena
Its own truth for the truth? MATHEMATICS
Theology Dogmatic (Bible, Magisterium) God and human beings
PERSON METHOD CONTENT Its own truth
Learning of Learning of Learning
Who? How?
Creates adverse relations of various fields
What?
ART
The learner learns about the content of learning Tends towards specializing the disciplines Its own truth HISTORY
through the method of learning! Its own truth

TENDENCY TOWARDS SPECIALIZATIONS

EFFECTS OF SPECIALIZATION
Philosophy
ART ANTHROPOLOGY
Logic Ethics Aesthetics Metaphysics Cosmology Epistemology Theodicy Teachers teach more and more APPRECIATION SOCIOLOGY
about less and less.
Philo. of Beauty Philo. of Art Philo. of Art Criticism

Fine Art Practical Art Folk Art Digital Art

Students learn about fragmented
History of Art Theory of Art Practice of Art knowledge.
European Art Asian Art American Art
Scholars become experts in one
Chinese Art Philippine Art Indian Art discipline, but totally paralyzed Tinalak Tiboli’s Religious
Phil. Pre Colonial Art Phil. Spanish Colonial Art Indigenous Art in Phil. in all the others.
Beliefs
Tiboli Art Maranao Art Ivatan Art

Tinalak Art Representational Tinalak Bird Motif Tinalak

 FRAGMENTS REINFORCEMENT CONTEXTS
OF HISTORY TO SPECIALIZED Society POSTMODERN EPISTEMOLOGY
LEARNING Culture
Religion
Politics
1960
GRAND NARRATIVES Economy Revolution in Human Thought
End of Modern Era
Nation Building Start of Postmodern Age
ISSUES
Nationality (Lyotard, 1984)
Formation of
Filipino Identity Ethnicity
Personhood “Postmodernity is the general condition of
Race human, social and cultural life of every person
at the present times” (Hornedo, 1999).
Gender

“MODERN”
Old Way of Thinking
What is the shape
“POSTMODERN” MAIN POINT OF
New Way of Thinking
of a one-peso coin?
POSTMODERNISM

MODERN
CONSCIOUSNESS
POSTMODERN
CONSCIOUSNESS
There is one, objective reality. Ano ang hugis ng
But there are many truths
Starting 1650 Starting 1960
about this reality.
piso?
Postmodernism is a condition
of thinking the human mind has achieved
in the state of its highest development
as of the present period.
 There are many truths
depending upon our points of view!
POSTMODERN WAY OF THINKING…

POSTMODERN THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE POSTMODERN WAY OF THINKING

PERSPECTIVE 2 PERSPECTIVE 2
POSTMODERNISM

Knowledge 2 Truth 2 Knowledge 2 Truth 2

INTELLECTUAL HISTORY
Knowledge 1
WORLD Knowledge 3 Knowledge 1
WORLD Knowledge 3
END
PERSPECTIVE 1 PERSPECTIVE 3 PERSPECTIVE 1 PERSPECTIVE 3
Truth 1 Reality Truth 3 Truth 1 Reality Truth 3
“End of History”
Knowledge 4 Truth 4 Knowledge 4 Truth 4
“Death of Science”
“End of Anthropology”
“Death of Art”
PERSPECTIVE 4 PERSPECTIVE 4
 POSTMODERN FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATED KNOWLEDGE POSTMODERN FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATED KNOWLEDGE
INTEGRATION OF
THE VARIOUS DISCIPLINES SCIENCE SCIENCE
Interdisciplinary Approach
Biology Archeology Scientific Knowledge Scientific Knowledge
& Truth & Truth
Sociology Psychology
Art History
Philosophy Physics Philosophical
WORLD Artistic Philosophical
WORLD Artistic
PHILOSOPHY ART PHILOSOPHY ART
Knowledge Reality Knowledge Knowledge Reality Knowledge
Mathematics Theology
& Truth & Truth & Truth & Truth
Economics Pol. Science
Chemistry Etc.
Mathematical Knowledge “see reality asMathematical
one—thatKnowledge
which has a mathematical
& Truth & Truth
One Grand System of aspect, economic aspect, biological aspect, and so on,
Unified Knowledge but always in an integrated unity” (Flores, 1996)
MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICS

INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO LEARNING

THAT’S IT!
Philosophy
Biology Psychology
Sociology Archeology
Art INTEGRATED Theology
KNOWLEDGE
History
Mathematics AND TRUTH
Physics
Pol. Science Thank you!
Economics

Chemistry
Chemistry Anthropology
Etc.