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INTRODUCTION TO
PHILOSOPHY

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What is your understanding of

PHILOSOPHY?

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PHILOS + SOPHIA

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PHILOS + SOPHIA
TO LOVE, TO DESIRE + LOVE OF WISDOM

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PHILOS + SOPHIA
TO LOVE, TO DESIRE + LOVE OF WISDOM

WISDOM = KNOWLEDGE
knowledge directed to the fundamental and
pervasive concerns of existence.

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PHILOSOPHY
“Philosophy is the art of
questioning everything. The
goal of philosophy is wisdom
and wisdom requires
questioning what is
questionable.”

- KOLAK and MARTIN (1990)

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PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy is the sum of all
man’s beliefs and views about
the world which guide is
actions.

- ARIOLA (1989)

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PROF. FLORENTINO TIMBREZA, PhD

He is considered as the Father
of Filipino Philosophy
because of his efforts to
develop the field in the country,
through his use of the national
language in teaching the field.
His introduction of the Filipino
Philosophy brought to fore
several indigenous perspectives
of the country.

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BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

EPISTEMOLOGY LOGIC

METAPHYSICS ETHICS

AESTHETICS

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BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
epistēmē
(“knowledge”)
EPISTEMOLOGY LOGIC
logos (“reason”)

This is sometimes
referred to as
THEORY OF METAPHYSICS ETHICS
KNOWLEDGE

AESTHETICS

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BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

EPISTEMOLOGY LOGIC

META = beyond

outside universe

METAPHYSICS ETHICS
METAPHYSICS is the
study of origins

AESTHETICS

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BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

EPISTEMOLOGY LOGIC “logos”

word, thought, idea,

argument, account,
METAPHYSICS ETHICS reason or principle

AESTHETICS

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BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

EPISTEMOLOGY LOGIC

METAPHYSICS ETHICS

It examines aesthetic
nature of art, beauty, values often
and taste AESTHETICS expressed through
judgments of taste.

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BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

EPISTEMOLOGY LOGIC

METAPHYSICS ETHICS

AESTHETICS

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DIVISION FOCUS QUESTIONS

1. Why am I here?
study of existence: the 2. Where will I go later in life?
1. Metaphysics
fundamental questions of reality 3. Is there a God?
4. Why do we exist?
1. How do I know that I know?
study of knowledge: how we know 2. Why do I know about it?
2. Epistemology
about reality and existence 3. What is knowledge?
4. What do people know?
1. Why is it valid?
3. Logic study of reasoning and argument 2. How do you argue correctly?

1. How should you act?

2. Is it morally right?
4. Ethics/Moral Philosophy study of action
3. Justice
3. Do not cheat
1. What is beauty?
5. Aesthetics/Axiology study of art and beauty 2. Is it an art or pornography?

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SOCRATES (469-399 BCE)

– The most famous philosopher
of all time and considered as
the Father of Western
Philosophy and a lover of
wisdom. He established what it
means to be a GOOD HUMAN
BEING. He believed that
wisdom is parallel to one’s
ignorance. He was also the 1st
major philosopher of ethics.

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PYTHAGORAS (580-500 BC)

- a Greek mathematician
and philosopher, who
coined the word “love of
wisdom”.
He founded the
Pythagorean School in
Greece.
He also developed the
Pythagorean Theorem.

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GORGIAS (485-380 BCE)

– A Greek orator, who were
famous sophists. He is
considered as the
forerunner of the
Aristotelian Logic and
Socratic Dialect.

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PLATO (428-7 B.C.E - 348-7 B.C.E.)

Plato was an Athenian
philosopher during the
Classical period in Ancient
Greece, founder of the
Platonist school of thought
and the Academy, the first
institution of higher
learning in the Western
world.

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ARISTOTLE (384–322 BC)

Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient
Greek philosophy, making
contributions to logic, metaphysics,
mathematics, physics, biology, botany,
ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine,
dance and theatre. He was a student
of Plato who in turn studied under
Socrates. He was more empirically-
minded than Plato or Socrates and is
famous for rejecting Plato's theory of
forms. As the FATHER OF THE FIELD
OF LOGIC, he was the first to develop
a formalized system for reasoning.

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Why do we need to study Philosophy?

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Why do we need to study Philosophy?

• Philosophy is a fascinating subject matter – philosophy

seeks not simply knowledge but deep understanding and
wisdom.
• A wide variety of interesting course taught by outstanding
professors.
• Skill development of students
• Great preparation for any career or graduate study
• For personal development. The study of philosophy not
only affects how you think but also development as a person

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Is the study of Philosophy important?

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IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY

• Philosophy as an activity enables the student to think,

conceptualize, analyze, compare, evaluate and understand
things.
• Philosophy helps the student to develop the ability to form
opinions and beliefs. He thinks, evaluates and decides what
could be better or best for him.
• Philosophy helps student to be resilient and philosophically
calm in the face of disorder and doubts, uncertainty,
indefiniteness and chaos.

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IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY

• Philosophy helps students to become more creative.

• Philosophy helps student to be imaginative. Being
imaginative, he is able to deal openly to new possibilities
and changes how he sees things.
• Philosophy provides the student with better intellectual
perspective and outlook.
• Philosophy gives students personal freedom.

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BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

EPISTEMOLOGY LOGIC

METAPHYSICS ETHICS

AESTHETICS

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WEST EAST
• SOCRATES • MENCIUS
• PLATO • CONFUCIOUS
• ARISTOTLE

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