C A V I T E S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y

INTRODUCTION
ethics or morality is
ETHICS essentially a philosophy
subject.
GNED 02

MICO AGDEPA

what is masyadong kumplikado ang

philosophy? philosophy, kaya mahirap itong
i-define.
obscure
It has a dynamic meaning, drawing
out its relevance from its own time
and event.
idiosyncratic
WEIRD
Santiago, 1996

ACCORDING
TO FILIPINOS?
 ETYMOLOGICAL
DEFINITION OF
PHILOSOPHY
IT IS BASICALLY LIFE IN ITSELF.

ETYMOLOGICAL
DEFINITION OF Ancient Greek’s Concept of Love
PHILOSOPHY

The term philosophy was first

EROS intimate love
coined by Pythagoras, a Greek
Philosopher. Came from the Greek
PHILIA brotherly love
words:
philo sophia
AGAPE paternal love
LOVE WISDOM
 THE PHILOSOPHER THEN MUST EXHIBIT PHILIA, FOR THE MOST RATIONAL
HUMAN IS ONE WHO COULD BE THE HAPPIEST, AND THEREFORE, WHO IS
CAPABLE OF THE BEST FORM OF FRIENDSHIP.
PHILIA IS THE LOVE THAT SEEKS THE TRUTH, WHETHER THE
WE ARE INHERENT WITH THE
TRUTH OF THE OTHER, OF PERSON, OR OF REALITY. DESIRE TO KNOW AND OBTAIN
PHILOSOPHY THEN, IS THE LOVE THAT DEVOTES ITSELF IN UNDERSTANDING OF REALITY.
WHAT IS TRUE OF REALITY.

Like a lover aspiring and upon possessing clenches it

in the heart that which is so precious, the Truth.
AGDALPEN, et al., 2011

ESSENTIAL | CLASSICAL Philosophy and Other Sciences

DEFINITION OF
PHILOSOPHY 1. Philosophy and Science
- These fields study nature and life
Science of all MOTHER 2. Philosophy and History
Sciences OF ALL SCIENCES - These fields study about the past, present and future
Search for the Ultimate 3. Philosophy and Mathematics
Meaning of Reality - These fields provide theoretical concepts
4. Philosophy and Religion
EVALUATE THE TOTALITY OF THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE.
- These fields study various beliefs

Importance of Philosophy
IT’S FOR YOU TO DEVELOP A CULTURED, WELL-DEFINED
AND WELL ROUNDED INDIVIDUAL.
IT’S AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF HUMAN LIFE AND AN EXPERIENCE TO DEVELOP A
HOLISTIC VIEW OF LIFE THAT MAY HELP TO YOU TO COME UP WITH RIGHT
DECISION BETTER UNDERSTANDING A FELLOW HUMANS AND THAT OF ONESELF
Major Disciplines in Philosophy
1. Logic as the study of right and sound reasoning
2. Epistemology as the study of the validity of knowledge
3. Metaphysics seeks to explain the fundamental concept of being
4. Aesthetics as the philosophical study of beauty
5. Cosmology deal with the study of real things in the Universe
6. Theodicy is the study of God and His nature
7. Social Philosophy as the study of human and their society
8. Ethics as the science of the morality of human acts.

NOTION OF ETHICS IMPERATIVES OF ETHICS

Ethics from its Greek word ethos The practice of ethical/moral life implies
means a characteristics way of doing imperatives of the “sine qua non” of ethics
things or body of customs. Ethics, without which, ethics would collapse.
therefore, is a practical, is a science
which is meant to teach hoe human 1. Human Freedom
ought to live. 2. Existence of God
3. Immortality of the Soul

ETHICS & MORALS
RULES
Rules are instructions that tell what
we are allowed to do and what we are
not allowed to do. These are stated to
help us achieve success and meet the
common goals in society.
Morals deal with what is “right or wrong”. 

Ethics deals with what is “good or evil”
Morals are general guidelines framed by the
society e.g. we should speak truth.
Ethics is a response to a particular situation, e.g. is
it ethical to state the truth in a particular situation?
IMPORTANCE OF RULES
1. Rules organize relations between individuals;
2. Rules make it clear what is right to do/follow in a
society and what are wrong to refrain from;
3. Rules provide opportunity to achieve personal and
societal goals;
4. Rules regulate various social institutions to fulfil
their integral roles for the common welfare.
freedom
It is of that people look at rules
as restrictions that curtail one of
their precious rights; freedom.
But in fact life’s freedom would
unlikely to be enjoyed without
rules.