INTRODUCTION TO THE

PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN

PERSON

LESSON 1​

MS. RUBY B. HERAMIA

OBJECTIVE

• Demonstrate knowledge about philosophy, its

meaning, branches and importance
COMPARE THE STATEMENTS BELOW
AND STATE YOUR OBSERVATIONS.
PROCESSING
1) Do the statements have the same or related contents?
Explain.
2) Why do you think they are constructed differently?
3) Which question requires an explanation? Explain.
4) What skills are developed in answering questions that require
explanations?
5) Are questions important in seeking for truth? Explain.
 WHAT IS
PHILOSOPHY?
PHILOSOPHY

• comes from the Greek words, philo which

means love and sophia which means wisdom.
• Philosophy is love of wisdom.
 Only humans can and need to
philosophize because of their
uncertainties, which manifest
themselves as doubts. (Co, 2009)
Philosophy begins and ends with
humans.
The ability to inquire or ask
questions is inherent to all
human beings.
(Caraan, 2016)
• At birth, man is endowed with the skill to know the
truth and this capability brings man on top of God’s
creatures.
• The beginning of knowledge is attributed to man’s
ability to wonder about the things around them and
the things which eyes cannot perceive physically as
in the case of metaphysics or the so called
ontological questions.
Philosophy is defined as the knowledge of
all things in their first principles or causes
as seen by natural right of reason.
Philosophy is knowledge being both
human and divine.
(Javines, 2009)
The process of doing philosophy as a mean
to search for true knowledge and wisdom
makes man arrogant over other creatures.
Pythagoras (Greek philosopher)

• attributed the term wise only to God whose nature is

perfect as His existence.
• used the term philosopher who is an imperfect being
striving for perfection through his/her own human
nature.
• Socrates believed that “only God is truly wise”.
WHY IS
PHILOSOPHY
IMPORTANT?
 JAVINES (2009)
• Philosophy leads us to a broader understanding of man and experience.
• Philosophy gives man pleasure or satisfaction.
• Philosophy serves man a better understanding of themselves and their
fellow human beings.
• Philosophy acquaints a person to the various philosophical thinkers of the
past and of their time.
• Philosophy will guide them in making day-to-day decision of life and
experiences.
• Philosophy gives other sciences a sense of meaning.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
PHILOSOPHY

• theoretical branches
• practical branches
THEORETICAL BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY

1. Epistemology - The sources and origin of knowledge and truth is

important so this discipline that discusses about truth and knowledge
obtained through senses---those formed in the mind and those related to
feelings. (questions about knowledge)

2. Metaphysics. - This pertains to the endeavor to know the existence of

something beyond the physical aspect or attribute of that something. Meta
means beyond physical. (death, purpose of man’s life)
THEORETICAL BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY

3. Theodicy - Questions about God and spirits are some of the

concerns that this branch of philosophy is trying to explain.
( existence of God and His nature)

4. Ontology - This is a branch of philosophy that deals with the

study of the essence of reality, and is an exploration for what
reality is in the final analysis and principles of being and reality
of things in general. (reality)
PRACTICAL BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY

1. Ethics. - The questions of right and wrong, morality and

immorality belong to this discipline(human conduct)

2. Aesthetics. - This philosophy discusses about one’s

perception and experience of beauty. (art and beauty)
PRACTICAL BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY

3. Axiology - This branch of philosophy deals with values and

reasons including the science of morality which is Ethics. (values
and reasons)

4. Logic - This is a branch of philosophy which talks about the

principles underlying correct thinking. (to distinguish correct
from incorrect reasoning)
EXAMINE EACH

QUOTATION.

PB - IF THE MESSAGE

FALLS UNDER ONE OF

THE BRANCHES OF TB -
PRACTICAL

PHILOSOPHY
Theodicy
TB - FOR THEORETICAL

PHILOSOPHY.
EXAMINE EACH

QUOTATION.

PB - IF THE MESSAGE

FALLS UNDER ONE OF

THE BRANCHES OF
TB -
PRACTICAL Epistemology
PHILOSOPHY

TB - FOR THEORETICAL

PHILOSOPHY.
EXAMINE EACH

QUOTATION.

PB - IF THE MESSAGE

FALLS UNDER ONE OF

THE BRANCHES OF PB -
PRACTICAL

PHILOSOPHY
Aesthetics
TB - FOR THEORETICAL

PHILOSOPHY.
EXAMINE EACH

QUOTATION.

PB - IF THE MESSAGE

FALLS UNDER ONE OF

THE BRANCHES OF
PB –
PRACTICAL
Ethics
PHILOSOPHY

TB - FOR THEORETICAL

PHILOSOPHY.
EXAMINE EACH

QUOTATION.

PB - IF THE MESSAGE

FALLS UNDER ONE OF

THE BRANCHES OF
PB –
PRACTICAL

PHILOSOPHY
Logic
TB - FOR THEORETICAL

PHILOSOPHY.
What is philosophy?

What are the branches of philosophy?

Why philosophy is important in one’s personhood?

ASSESSMENT
Study each statement and identify the branch of philosophy. Choose your answer
from the choices below.

MetaphysicsEpistemology Aesthetics Theodicy Ethics

1. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

2. True knowledge comes from experience.
3. Killing someone is immoral.
4. I believe in God.
5. My purpose in life is to take care children
with special needs.
ANSWER
1. Aesthetics
2. Epistemology
3. Ethics
4. Theodicy
5. Metaphysics
PHILOSOPHY

• comes from the Greek words, philo which

means love and sophia which means wisdom.
• Philosophy is love of wisdom.
THEORETICAL BRANCHES
Epistemology - knowledge
Metaphysics. - death, purpose of man’s life
Theodicy - existence of God and His nature
Ontology – reality

PRACTICAL BRANCHES

Ethics -human conduct/behavior

Aesthetics - art and beauty
Axiology - values and reasons
Logic - to distinguish correct from incorrect reasoning
 WHY PHILOSOPHY IS
IMPORTANT?
• Philosophy leads us to a broader understanding of man and experience.
• Philosophy gives man pleasure or satisfaction.
• Philosophy serves man a better understanding of themselves and their
fellow human beings.
• Philosophy acquaints a person to the various philosophical thinkers of the
past and of their time.
• Philosophy will guide them in making day-to-day decision of life and
experiences.
• Philosophy gives other sciences a sense of meaning.
REMEDIAL
ACTIVITIES
 THEODICY
existence of God and His
nature
ONTOLOGY
reality
EPISTEMOLOGY
knowledge
METAPHYSICS
death, purpose of man’s life
LOGIC
to distinguish correct from
incorrect reasoning
AXIOLOGY
values and reasons
AESTHETICS
art and beauty
ETHICS
human conduct/behavior
QUIZ 2
Study each statement and identify the branch of philosophy.

1. "He who denies the existence of God, has some reason for wishing that
God did not exist." ~ Saint Augustine
2. Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one. - Albert Einstein
3. To know, is to know that you know nothing. That is the meaning of true
knowledge. – Socrates
4. Death is not the opposite of life, but a part of it. - Haruki Murakami
5. The art of thinking and reasoning in strict accordance with the limitations
and incapacities of the human misunderstanding. - Ambrose Bierce
QUIZ 2
6. The only reason for time is so that everything doesn't happen at once. -
Albert Einstein
7. Art washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life. – Pablo Picasso
8. There are two types of people in this world, good and bad. The good sleep
better, but the bad seem to enjoy the waking hours much more. – Woody
Allen
9. Price is what you pay. Value is what you get. - Warren Buffett
10. The mystery of human existence lies not in just staying alive, but in
finding something to live for. ― Fyodor Dostoyevsky
ANSWER
1. THEODICY
2. ONTOLOGY
3. EPISTEMOLOGY
4. METAPHYSICS
5. LOGIC
6. AXIOLOGY
7. AESTHETICS
8. ETHICS
9. AXIOLOGY
10. METAPHYSICS