Maximum power point tracking issues in control of a low power photovoltaic (PV) module

Energy is a necessity in our lives, and contributes to the development of economies and social growth.
Fossil fuels such as coal, Gas and oil account for almost 87% of total world energy production, while
nuclear power plants generate about 6% of energy. Renewable energies such as solar energy,
geothermal energy, wind power, hydropower and biofuels represent the remaining 7% of total energy
demand. In the last couple of decades, many studies are on energy have been conducted because of its
abundance, revolving and own nature. Photovoltaic technology (PV) is an important technology with
which solar radiation can be converted directly into electrical energy via a photovoltaic panel.

However, photovoltaic solar panels have disadvantages such as a very low energy conversion efficiency
(less than 22.5%), high production costs for energy and a strong dependence on environmental factors.
The power of a PV grid is unstable, and the current and voltage characteristic of a PV cell is not Linear
with different solar beams, temperatures and charges. The algorithms, the conventional tracking of the
point maximum power (MPPT) are designed to uniform the environmental conditions in which the curve
P-V-generated only a single point maximum power (MPP).

Several algorithms have been proposed in the literature on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
problem, which have inspired numerous strategies to maximize photovoltaic systems efficiency under
various irradiance conditions.

The biggest challenge for the management of the photovoltaic (PV) system is to make it work with
maximum efficiency. The I-V characteristics of the PV plant are non-linear, making it difficult to track
maximum power when radiation and temperature change. In this study, a system based on a 50W
photovoltaic module is studied to determine its regulating characteristic. The operating characteristics
are studied with the emphasis on the control of the rectifier in order to obtain maximum follow-up of
the credit points by default and by the single observation method used with the PI controllers. By using
Fuzzy Logic Controller highest efficiency can be gained. The performance analysis of this system-based
model is simulated and presented for the MPP, applying the control technique to a state-of-the-art
controller that highlights control problems. The simulation results are obtained and applied at different
irradiation levels of 50-100% for validation.