TRAIL 1 2024

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

101/3

ENGLISH

PAPER 3

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

 Answer three questions only

 Each of your essays must not exceed 450 words
 Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed
and no questions are missing
 Candidates must answer the questions in English

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

1. 20

2. 20

3. 20

TOTAL SCORE 60

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 1) CREATIVE WRITING
 Paper 101/3is intended to test the candidate’s ability to communicate in writing.
Communication is established at different levels of intelligibility, correctness, fluency,
pleasantness and originality. Within the constraints set by each question.
 Examiners should not hesitate to use the full range of marks for each essay.
 It is important to determine first how each essay communicates and which category A, B,
C or D it fits. (The marks indicated below are for question one)

D CLASS:

The candidate either does not communicate at all or his language ability is minimal that
the examiner practically has to guess what the candidate wants to say. The candidate
fails to fit the English words she knows into meaningful sentences. The subject is glanced
at or distorted. Practically no valid. Punctuation. All kinds of errors “broken English”

01 – 02:

Chaotic, little meaning whatsoever. Question paper or some words for, it simply copied.

D 03:

Although the English is often broken and essay is full of errors of all types, we can at
least guess what the candidate wants to say.

C CLASS:

The candidate communicates understandably but only more or less clearly. He is not
confident with his language. The subject is always undeveloped. There may be some
digressions. Unnecessary repetitions are frequent. The arrangement is weak and the flow
jerky. There is no economy of language: mother tongue influence is felt.

The candidate obviously finds it difficult to communicate his/her ideas. He/she is

seriously hampered by his/her very limited knowledge of structure and vocabulary. This
results in many gross errors of agreement, spelling, misuses of prepositions, tenses, verb
agreement and construction.

C 08:

The candidate communicates but not with consistent clarity. His/her linguistic abilities
being very limited, he/she cannot avoid frequent errors in sentence structure. There is
very little variety or originality. Very bookish English, links are weak, incorrect, repeated
at times.

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C+9 – 10:

The candidate communicates clearly but in a flat and uncertain manner. Simple concepts
sentence forms are often strained. There may be an overuse of clichés, unsuitable idioms
errors of agreement, tenses and spelling

B CLASS:

This class is characterized by greater fluency and ease if expression. The candidate
demonstrates that he/she can use English as a normal way of expressing himself/herself.
Sentences are varied and usually well-constructed. Some candidates become ambitious
and sentences are varied and usually well-constructed. Some candidates become
ambitious and even over-ambitious. There may be items of merit of one word or one
expression type. Many essays in this category may be just clean and unassuming but they
still show that the candidate is at ease with the language. There may be a tendency to
under mark such essays. Give credit for tone.

B 11 – 12:

The candidate communicates fairly with some fluency. There may be little variety in
sentence structure.

B 13:

The sentences are varied but rather simple and straight forward. The candidate does not
strain himself/herself in an effort to impress. There is a fair range of vocabulary and
idiom. Natural and effortless and some item of merit, economy of language.

14 – 15:

The candidate communicates not only fluently, but attractively, with originality and
efficiency. He/she has the ability to make us share his deep feelings, emotion
enthusiasms. He/she expresses himself freely and without any visible constraint. The
scripts give evidence of maturity good planning and often humor. Many items merit
which indicates of “whole sentence” or the “whole expression” type.

A CLASS:

The candidate communicates not only fluently, but attractively, with originality and
efficiency. He/she has the ability to make us share his deep feelings, emotion,
enthusiasms. He/she expresses himself freely and without any visible constraint the script
gives evidence of maturity good planning and often humor. Many items of merit which
indicate that the candidate has complete command of the language. There is no strain,
just pleasantness, clever arrangement felicity of expression.

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A – 16 – 17:

The candidate shows competence and fluency in using language. He may lack
imagination or originality which usually provide the “spark” in such essays. Vocabulary
idiom, sentence structure, links, variety are impressive. Gross errors are very rare.

A 18:

Positive ability. A few errors that are felt to be slips. The story or argument has a definite
impact. No grammar problem. Variety of structures. A definite spark. Many margin ticks.

A -19 – 20:

The candidate communicates not only information and meaning, but also and especially
the candidates whole self: his/her feelings, tastes, points of view, youth, culture. This
ability to communicate his deep self may express itself in many ways; wide range C
effective vocabulary, original, approach, vivid and sustained account in the case of
narrative, well developed and ordered argument in the case of a debate or discussion.
Errors and slips should not deprive the candidate of the full marks, he deserves. A very
definite spark.

TABLE OF CATEGORIES

CLASS MARK CATEGORY EACH

ESSAY
A – A+ 19 – 20
A 18
A- 16 – 17
B – B+ 14 – 15
B 13
B- 11 – 12
C – C+ 09 – 10
C 08
C- 06 – 07
D – D+ 04 – 05
D 03
D- 00 – 02

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 MARKING SYMBOLS

The main signs indicate three degrees of seriousness of error,

a) GROSS ERROR OMISSION FOR CONSTRUCTION IN MARGIN

b) MINOR ERROR OMISSION MINOR CONSTRUCTION ERROR

C

c) MINOR OR POSSIBLE
ERROR
C

This sign in the margin is used only when a construction error affects more than one line. The
following symbols may also be used.

FAULTY PARAGRAPHING (Of words) a circle around the word.

P (Of ideas) usually in the margin.

REPETITION

R
ILLEGIBILITY

VAGUENESS

V
WRONG WORD ORDER Underline once and write W.O in margin

ILLOGICAL OR CONTR ICTORY

ILL (In margin)
ILL
BROKEN ENGLISH when the candidate falls to communicate BR in margin

BR

FOR THE PURPOSE OF IDENTIFICATION

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COW to indicate that a candidate has crossed to make a correction-paragraph/page.

BRACKET () indicates a part of a D script that communicates.

*Use an asterisk to indicate an item or a sentence that the rubrics indicate should be used

TO INDICATE AN ITEM OF MERIT, use a tick (√) either above a word or in the margin for the
whole sentence.

GROSS ERRORS

i) Almost any error or agreement

ii) Serious tense error
iii) Errors of elementary vocabulary
iv) Punctuation errors or missing punctuation which causes serious lack of
communication
v) Elementary errors of sentence construction
vi) Ridiculous use of idiom that affects communication
vii) Misuse of common prepositions
viii) Misuse of capital letter – Use CAPS underline the first page and use CAPS on
subsequent pages where the mistake persists.
ix) Contracted forms expect in dialogue.

MARKING NORMAL SCRIPTS

a) Decide on the degree of communication achieved A – D

b) After underlining decide on the nark category.
c) Allocate a numeric mark to the easy.

PROBLEM SCRIPTS

All problem scripts must be marked by the examiner and then sent to the team leader with
comments.

I) IRRELEVANCY
a) Consistence distortion of question, evasion of question, writing on a totally different
subject with clumps attempt at connecting the essay to the subject given, inclusion of
memorized passages etc.
b) The question is given an unacceptable or questionable interruption.
c) Essays contain long semi-relevant digressions or lack coherence.

ACTION

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The examiner marks the essay, gives a linguistic mark and comments on the nature of the
irrelevancy. The essay is the passed over the team leader who judges whether the irrelevance
should be judged as deliberate attempt to deceive or should be attributed to the candidate’s PC
understanding of the subject Deduct up 4 marks for irrelevancy in the essay. If dishonesty is
suspected, the Chief Examiner should be informed. Any deduction of 3 marks or more should be
referred to the Chief Examiner.

II) CONTRAVENTION OF RUBRIC

Since the rubrics may change from year to year, the POINTS OF INTEPRETATION that are part
of this MARKING SCHEME must be consulted and adhered to faithfully. Here are some general
rules that usually apply.

III) SCRIPTS THAT DO NOT COMMUNICATE

a) Decide on category D+, or D-
b) Mark the errors of the essay.
c) Team leaders should – look at a good number of those scripts and ensure that the mark is
given fair.

IV) BREVITY

It should be remembered that the main quality of an essay is how effectively it communicates. If
an essay looks too short, the examiner should take the time to count the exact number of words.

KENYAN ENGLISH

A good number and expressions are understood and currently used by all Kenyans. They can be
used in essays without any need for quotation marks or explanations. We can include among
those:

 Pangas, rungu, shamba, murram, matatu.

 Wananchi, ugali, madarasa, harambee, matoke.
 Maendeleoyawanawake, salaam, ayah, askari.
 Debe, duka, nyayo, boma, sukuma wiki, goat party, manyatta, magendo, katiba.

AMERICAN SPELLING

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Although British English are common than “American English” spelling in Kenyan examiners,
should accept and no penalty should be given for such variations penalize for lack of consistency
in usage of either.

POINTS OF INTERPRETATIONS QUESTION 1 (a)

 Must be a story, if not deduct (4AD)

 Must end with the given sentence. If not deduct (2AD) for rubric
 The story must be credible about what happened.

QUESTION 1 (b)

- expect an explanatory composition, if not deduct AD 2

-The student must show understanding of Corruption

- language competence should be considered

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

- Create awareness about the nature and forms of corruption

- Desist from involving themselves in corruption
- Act as whistle blowers by reporting corruption cases

2) THE COMPULSORY TEXT

3) Fathers of Nations
4) Seeking revenge results in more pain. Using illustrations from Paul B. Vitta’s novel,
Fathers of Nations, show the validity of the statement.
5)
6) Introduction
7) In most cases, when we suffer at the hands of others, we resort to getting even with them.
However, this leaves one with more pain, as illustrated in the novel Fathers of Nations.
8) Accept any other relevant introduction (2mks)
9) R(i): Professor Kimani takes revenge when Newborn Walomi, a member of parliament,
takes his wife, Asiya, which causes suffering. This is humiliating to Kimani since
Newborn was once his junior before joining politics. MPs earn far much more than
professors. Asiya humiliates her husband when she asks him to quit teaching and join

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 politics like Newborn, who now owns a fleet of cars, unlike Kimani, who has an old
Toyota. She later runs off to get married to Newborn after the death of their only
daughter, Tuni. Kimani seeks revenge when he confronts Walomi in his office and tries
to assault him physically. He is locked up for six months for assaulting a member of
parliament and demoted from the position of professor to senior lecturer for disgracing
the university. As he dejectedly walked back to his house at the end of the jail term, he
felt his career was doomed beyond revival and yet it was all that he had. (p.38)
10) R(ii): Engineer Seif Tahir feels rejected by a junior female colleague, Rahma, and
decides to get revenge, which leads to suffering. This is after he falls in love with a kind
woman aptly named Rahma. He cannot stand the indignity of rejection by a junior
colleague. When he invites her for a tomato soup offer on a Saturday, Tahir mistakes the
sweet, deceptive no for a sour no. He storms back to his office in a fit of fury, vowing to
pay back. He slaps Rahma during “Heritage Week” when she removes her head veil to
punish her for violating the culture, but in truth, he only does it as vengeance for
rejection. Tahir loses his left eye when Rahma strikes back with a letter opener. He
spends a month in the hospital and leaves with an artificial eye. He is bitter and vengeful.
After winning the case against Rahma, where Rahma loses her eye too (an eye for an eye,
Hammurabic Verdict), the victory of revenge leaves him with sorrow and self-hatred.
11) R(iii): Comrade Melusi tries to avenge the cruel death of his wife by attacking the
Zimbabwean president during the Summit, leading to suffering. Despite having fought
together for liberation, the new president leaves comrade Melusi out of the government
appointment. His wife is killed in cold blood during the “Gukurahundi” operation. He
intends to avenge his wife, Ziliza. When given the opportunity to greet the presidents, he
veers off course and then hurtled toward the ruler of Zimbabwe. Before he could carry it
out, guards seized him by the collar and whisked him away. When the Summit
reconvenes, he does not resurface.
12) R(iv): The Ndembele plan to revenge against the Shona-led government. This is after
they are excluded from government appointments. They plot for anti-government
protests. They went on a rampage and attacked every government supporter foolish
enough to come into their sight. (p.90) This results in a cruel response from the
government, whereby the 5th Brigade, “Gukurahundi,” unleashes terror on the Ndembele,

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 killing many. The Ndembele are also evicted from the slums without warning. They also
suffer diseases and an increase in crimes.
13) R(v): Rahma suffers when she strikes back after Tahir slaps her. Rahma is Engineer
Tahir’s junior colleague. When Tahir approaches her for a date, she conceals her
eagerness to say yes with a sweet, deceptive no. She simply gives him a big smile. When
Tahir persists, she says no, and he misinterprets her sweet no for a sour no and vows
revenge. He slaps her for removing her head veil. Rahma does not stop to think of her
next step of action but strikes back. She fails to reason logically out of anger. She splits
Tahir’s eye open using a letter opener. When prosecuted, the court used the Hammurabic
verdict, an eye for an eye; hence, she lost her left eye through surgery. Her quest for
revenge causes more pain in the long run. She also suffers emotionally when she cries
bitterly in court upon her sentence.
14)
15) Mark 3:3:3:3= 12marks
16) Grammar and presentation = 4 marks
17) Conclusion
18) In Conclusion, we should learn to forgive when people do us wrong.
19) Accept any other valid conclusion =2 marks
20) Grammar and presentation Mark guidelines.Peg the mark on the content mark as
follows:
21) 10-12 4
22) 8-9 3
23) 5-7 2
24) 0-4 1

3.(a) Short story (Ivory Bangles by EricNg’maryo)

INTRODUCTION

Some traditions in our societies have lost meaning and should be done away with/abandoned
as seen in the story ivory bangles by Eric Ng’maryo.( accept any other relevant introduction

T1 believe in the seer.

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- the only visits the seer considered as the priest of people. (pg. 21)

- he goes the seer because of his superstitious nature. He had to consult the seer since he had
noted blood specks on the liver of a goat that he had slaughtered (pg. 21)

- this is a cultural practice that has lost meaning for its meant to drive a wedge between him
and his wife.

T2. Polygamy

- his monogamous state was a concern for the aging chief who told him to get another wife
(pg. 23)

- he was still the chief’s counselor much respected but much talked about because he had
only one wife (pg. 22)

- this shows that the old man’s society values the tradition of polygamy and one who does not
engage is considered a failure.

T3. wife beating/molestation (ritual beating)

- the were jealous of a happy wife. A woman unmolested by the husband until old age. It is
not acceptable for a wife to enjoy a comfortable life with her husband in this community.

- the husband is expected to molest his wife to ensure that she doesn’t enjoy happiness.
Failure to do so could lead to a disastrous outcome as the pebbles foretell wife’s death.

- the pebbles demand the old man gives his wife a through beating and sent her back to her
parents. (pg. 22)

- this is a practice that does not add any value in the marriage.

T4. Naming of children

- naming of children is seen as an essential practice. twenty-four ivory bangles that the wife
wears were gifted to her when their only son was given a name.

-the value of child naming is also seen because the old man’s grandson is named after him.
The writer refers to the young boy as her husband. (pg230

- this culture is long overtaken by the modernity

CONCLUSION.

We should embrace the change and do things that do not harm others in the name of cultural
practices. (Accept any other relevant conclusion)

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c) Kazuo Ishiguro, AN ARTIST OF THE FLOATING WORLD

War has a way of affecting not only property but also people’s lives. Drawing examples from
the life of Masuji Ono in Ishiguro’s An Artist of the Floating World, write an essay to show the
truth of this statement.

Introduction

War has many after-effects. It may destroy not only property but people’s lives as well. This is
what happens to Masuji Ono after the Second World War in Japan. (Accept any other relevant
introduction) (2 marks)

ILLUSTRATIONS:

W (i) Masuji loses his son Kenji to the war when he and a team tried to cross the mines. They
are blown up and burnt beyond recognition. They have to wait for more than a year for his ashes
to be brought to them from Manchuria. In fact, when the ashes are brought her daughter Setsuko
doubts if is not mixed with those of his friend with whom they died. Suichi, is emotional and
cannot stay to the end of the ceremony.

W (ii) Suichi is transformed after he returned from war. He is bitter of his elders and that so
many of his friend perished in the war. Masuji is worried that Suichi’s stand would rub off in
his daughter Setsuko. 63-65

W (iii) Hirayama boy is beaten by the people for chanting military songs, the very songs he had
sung before the war and people offered him some money and food in return. Before the war he
was popular in the pleasure district. Now people have turned against him. They feel he should
sing new songs. Pp. 65-67

W (iv) Jiro Miyake’s president of the company commits suicide after the way. He gassed
himself and sought to die as an apology for his culpability during the war. The narrator says:
“Everyday there seems to be a report of someone else killing himself in a n apology.” Pp.59- 62

W (v) As a result of war the pleasure district that hitherto full of people has become deserted.
Kawakami’s place is deserted with few customers. MigariHidari is destroyed and has to be
renovated. Pp. 24-26

W(vi) Masuji Ono’s house that he acquired from Akira Sugimura, was destroyed. After the war
he wants to repair but the building cost has also shot up making it hard for him to repair it. Pp.
5-7.

(Accept any 4 well illustrated points. Mark 4;4;4;4. Total – 12 marks Grammar and presentation
4marks

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Conclusion

War can disorganize people’s lives. (Accept any other valid conclusion) (2 marks)

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