123

Apple Inc. (2024) Careers at apple: Explore benefits that make a difference., Apple. Available
at: https://www.apple.com/careers/us/benefits.html (Accessed: 30 March 2024).

Apple Inc. (2024a) Apple’s COVID-19 response, Apple Newsroom. Available at:
https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/03/apples-covid-19-response/ (Accessed: 30
March 2024).

Amazon (2023) Amazon and Whole Foods Market named among top retailers and supermarkets
for Innovation, US About Amazon. Available at:
https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/retail/amazon-whole-foods-market-innovative-
retailers (Accessed: 30 March 2024).

Birt, J. (2023) 7 types of workplace management theories | indeed.com. Available at:

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/types-of-management-theories
(Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Brooks, C. (2023) Contingency management theory, business.com. Available at:

https://www.business.com/articles/contingency-management-theory/ (Accessed: 30 March
2024).

Bizzaco, M., Rawes, E. and Wetzel, K. (2023) What is Amazon Alexa, and what can it do?,
Digital Trends. Available at: https://www.digitaltrends.com/home/what-is-amazons-alexa-
and-what-can-it-do/ (Accessed: 30 March 2024).

Braineet (2023) Amazon innovation culture relies on these 5 rules, Braineet. Available at:
https://www.braineet.com/blog/amazon-innovation-culture (Accessed: 29 March 2024).

Benjamin, J. (2018) Who would you rather work for – Amazon or Apple?, LinkedIn. Available at:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/who-would-you-rather-work-amazon-apple-jacqueline-
benjamin (Accessed: 30 March 2024).

Cherry, K. (2023) Is Democratic leadership the best style of leadership?, Verywell Mind.
Available at: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-democratic-leadership-2795315
(Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Comparably (2024) Amazon Mission, Vision & Values | comparably. Available at:
https://www.comparably.com/companies/amazon/mission (Accessed: 30 March 2024).

Dhiraj, A.B. (2021) What makes Apple’s Tim Cook the most influential CEO, CEOWORLD
magazine. Available at: https://ceoworld.biz/2021/11/23/what-makes-apples-tim-cook-the-
most-influential-ceo/ (Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Financhill (2021) Tim Cook Leadership style, Financhill. Available at:

https://financhill.com/blog/investing/tim-cook-leadership-style#:~:text=Tim%20Cook
 %20has%20a%20democratic,people%20to%20follow%20his%20lead. (Accessed: 28
March 2024).

FourWeekMBA (2024) Tim Cook Leadership style, FourWeekMBA. Available at:

https://fourweekmba.com/tim-cook-leadership-style/ (Accessed: 30 March 2024).

Glassdoor (2024) Apple Reviews | Glassdoor. Available at:

https://www.glassdoor.com/Reviews/Apple-Reviews-E1138.htm (Accessed: 30 March
2024).

Indeed (2023) What is a manager? definition, role and responsibilities | indeed.com ... Available
at: https://au.indeed.com/career-advice/finding-a-job/what-is-a-manager (Accessed: 28
March 2024).

Indeed (2023a) What is the role of managers and what are their key skills? | ... Available at:
https://uk.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/role-of-managers (Accessed: 26
March 2024).

Ian (2024) Tim Cook’s leadership style: Insights into Apple’s CEO, Pressfarm. Available at:
https://press.farm/tim-cook-leadership-style-apples-ceo/#:~:text=Tim%20Cook%20is
%20known%20for,encouraging%20open%20communication%20and%20collaboration.
(Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Khartit, K. (2023) Tim Cook: Apple CEO’s Strengths, Reputation, and faqs, Investopedia.
Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032515/what-tim-cooks-
managerial-style.asp (Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Loeb, W. (2024) Whole Foods markets to expand small store format locations, Forbes.
Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterloeb/2024/03/06/whole-foods-markets-
to-expand-small-store-format-locations/?sh=ca773a520231 (Accessed: 30 March 2024).

Meyer, P. (2024) Apple’s company culture: An organizational analysis, Panmore Institute.

Available at: https://panmore.com/apple-inc-organizational-culture-features-implications
(Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Needle, D. (2021) What is transformational leadership?, CIO. Available at:

https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/transformational-
leadership#:~:text=Transformational%20leadership%20is%20a%20management,support
%20new%20problem%2Dsolving%20approaches. (Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Naceva, N. (2024) Amazon usage and growth statistics - revenue, users, and more, Influencer
Marketing Hub. Available at: https://influencermarketinghub.com/amazon-stats/
(Accessed: 30 March 2024).
Perry, E. (2022) What is a leader, what do they do, and how do you become one?, BetterUp.
Available at: https://www.betterup.com/blog/what-is-a-leader-and-how-do-you-become-
one#what-is-a-leader? (Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Rey, J.D. (2019) The making of Amazon prime, the internet’s most successful and devastating
membership program, Vox. Available at:
https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/5/3/18511544/amazon-prime-oral-history-jeff-bezos-
one-day-shipping (Accessed: 28 March 2024).

StudySmarter (2024) Business studies, StudySmarter UK. Available at:

https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/business-studies/business-case-studies/jeff-
bezos-leadership-style/#:~:text=What%20is%20Jeff%20Bezos’s%20leadership,customer
%20focus%2C%20and%20employee%20empowerment. (Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Sharma, A. (2023) Jeff Bezos’s leadership journey: Shaping Amazon’s success, LinkedIn.
Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/jeff-bezoss-leadership-journey-shaping-
amazons-success-aman-sharma (Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Tenney, M. (2023) 5 responsibilities of a leader - business leadership today, Business

Leadership Today - The resource for leaders working to build and sustain world-class
teams and organizations in today’s business environment. Available at:
https://businessleadershiptoday.com/what-are-5-responsibilities-of-a-leader/#:~:text=The
%20five%20responsibilities%20of%20a,to%20consistently%20produce%20exceptional
%20work. (Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Turner, A. (2024) How many iphones have been sold? Mar 2024, BankMyCell. Available at:
https://www.bankmycell.com/blog/how-many-iphones-have-been-sold/ (Accessed: 30
March 2024).

Wingfield, N. and Merced, M.J.D.L. (2017) Amazon to buy Whole Foods for $13.4 billion, The
New York Times. Available at:
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/business/dealbook/amazon-whole-foods.html
(Accessed: 30 March 2024).

Wolfer, P. (2024) How Amazon paved the way for Premium Loyalty Programs, ebbo. Available
at: https://www.ebbo.com/insights/blog/how-amazon-paved-the-way-for-premium-loyalty-
programs/ (Accessed: 30 March 2024).

Wong, K. (2024) Organizational culture: Definition, importance, and development, Achievers.

Available at: https://www.achievers.com/blog/organizational-culture-definition/ (Accessed:
28 March 2024).

Wheeler, R. (2016) The human relations behind Apple, Ashland University COM 305:
Organizational Communication. Available at:
https://auorgcomm.wordpress.com/2016/11/02/the-human-relations-behind-apple/
(Accessed: 30 March 2024).
Overall, I have clarified the leadership and management theories of Apple and Amazon, as well as their
impact on decision-making and the factors that influence their organizational culture. The application of
management and leadership theory can provide a framework for organizational structure, setting goals,
and assigning tasks. This lays the foundation for smooth operation and effective allocation of resources.
But the business world is very complex. Theory should be guidance, not strict rules. Leaders should
adjust their methods based on specific situations and their employees. My suggestion for companies
looking for leaders or managers is to recruit people who align with the company culture. Candidates
must have values and personalities that align with your company's core values.