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Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei
Contents
PLAN YOUR TRIP
ON THE ROAD
KUALA LUMPUR
Sights
Activities
Courses
Festivals & Events
Sleeping
Eating
Drinking & Nightlife
Entertainment
Shopping
PERAK
Ipoh
Gopeng & Around
Cameron Highlands
Pulau Pangkor
Kuala Kangsar
Taiping
Kuala Sepetang
Belum-Temenggor Rainforest
PENANG
George Town
Greater Penang
Air Itam & Penang Hill
Batu Ferringhi
Teluk Bahang & Around
Balik Pulau & Kampung Pulau Betong
Southeast Penang Island
MELAKA
Melaka City
Ayer Keroh
Alor Gajah
JOHOR
Johor Bahru
Muar
Mersing
Seribuat Archipelago
Endau-Rompin National Park
SABAH
Kota Kinabalu
Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park
Pulau Manukan
Pulau Mamutik
Pulau Sapi
Pulau Gaya
Pulau Sulug
Northwestern Sabah
Mt Kinabalu & Kinabalu National Park
Around Mt Kinabalu
Northwest Coast
Island Getaways
Eastern Sabah
Sandakan
Sepilok
Sandakan Archipelago
Deramakot Forest Reserve
Sungai Kinabatangan
Lahad Datu
Danum Valley Conservation Area
Tabin Wildlife Reserve
Semporna
Semporna Archipelago
Tawau
Tawau Hills Park
Maliau Basin Conservation Area
Southwestern Sabah
Interior Sabah
Beaufort Division
Pulau Tiga National Park
Pulau Labuan
SARAWAK
Kuching
Western Sarawak
Bako National Park
Santubong Peninsula
Semenggoh Wildlife Centre
Annah Rais Longhouse
Kubah National Park
Bau & Around
Lundu
Gunung Gading National Park
Tanjung Datu National Park
Talang-Satang National Park
Batang Ai Region
Central Sarawak
Sibu
Batang Rejang
Bintulu
Similajau National Park
Niah National Park
Lambir Hills National Park
Miri
Northeastern Sarawak
Gunung Mulu National Park
Kelabit Highlands
Limbang Division
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Bandar Seri Begawan
Tutong & Belait Districts
Tutong
Jalan Labi
Seria
Temburong District
Bangar
Batang Duri
Ulu Temburong National Park
Brunei Survival Guide
SINGAPORE
Sights
Activities
Courses
Tours
Festivals & Events
Sleeping
Eating
Drinking & Nightlife
Entertainment
Shopping
Singapore Survival Guide
UNDERSTAND
SURVIVAL GUIDE
Directory A–Z
Accessible Travel
Accommodation
Children
Customs Regulations
Electricity
Embassies & Consulates
Insurance
Internet Access
Legal Matters
LGBT+ Travellers
Maps
Money
Opening Hours
Photography
Post
Public Holidays
Safe Travel
Telephone
Time
Toilets
Tourist Information
Visas
Volunteering
Women Travellers
Work
Transport
Getting There & Away
Getting Around
Health
Language
Behind the Scenes
Our Writers
Welcome to Malaysia,
Singapore & Brunei
Entwined by shared history, Southeast Asia’s
terrific trio offer steamy jungles packed with
wildlife, beautiful beaches, idyllic islands, culinary
sensations and multi-ethnic culture.
Ancient Rainforests
For many people this region is defined by its equatorial rainforest – among
the most ancient ecosystems on earth. Significant chunks are protected by
national parks and conservation projects. Seemingly impenetrable foliage
and muddy, snaking rivers conjure up the ‘heart of darkness’ – but join a
ranger-led nature walk, for example, and you’ll be alerted to the mind-
boggling biodiversity all around, from the pitcher plants, lianas and orchids
of the humid lowlands, to the conifers and rhododendrons of high-altitude
forests.
Urban Adventures
Singapore is an urban show-stopper that combines elegant colonial-era
buildings with stunning contemporary architecture and attractions such as its
Unesco World Heritage–listed Botanic Gardens. Malaysia’s capital, Kuala
Lumpur (KL), is a place where Malay kampung (village) life stands cheek
by jowl with the 21st-century glitz of the Petronas Towers, and shoppers
shuttle from traditional wet markets to air-conditioned mega malls. Brunei
Darussalam’s surprisingly unostentatious capital, Bandar Seri Begawan,
offers the picturesque water village Kampong Ayer – the largest stilt
settlement in the world.
Cultural Riches
Unesco World Heritage–listed Melaka and George Town (Penang) offer
unique architectural and cultural townscapes, developed over half a
millennium of Southeast Asian cultural and trade exchange. Both cities
embody the region’s potpourri of cultures, principally Muslim Malays,
religiously diverse Chinese, and Hindu and Muslim Indians, but also
indigenous tribes known collectively as Dayaks on Borneo, and the Orang
Asli on Peninsular Malaysia. Each ethnic group has its own language and
cultural practices which you can best appreciate through a packed calendar
of festivals and a delicious variety of cuisines.
Sensational Wildlife
The icing on this verdant cake is viewing wildlife in its natural habitat.
Alongside the multitude of insects and colourful birdlife, you could get lucky
and spot a foraging tapir, a silvered leaf monkey, or an orangutan swinging
through the jungle canopy. The oceans are just as bountiful: snorkel or dive
among shoals of tropical fish, paint-box-dipped corals, turtles, sharks and
dolphins. Even in urban centres there are excellent opportunities for wildlife
watching at the world-class Singapore Zoo and the KL Bird Park.
Cameron Highlands
Misty mountains, Tudor-themed architecture, 4WDs, scones,
strawberries and tea plantations (pictured) all converge in this
distinctly un-Southeast Asian destination. Activities such as self-
guided hiking, nature walks and agricultural tourism make the
Cameron Highlands one of Malaysia’s more worthwhile and
approachable active destinations. The area also represents a clever
escape within a vacation, as the weather in the Cameron Highlands
tends to stay mercifully cool year-round.
112 A. Arthuis, Traitement des Maladies nerveuses, etc., Paris, 1880, 3me ed.
115 “Treatment of Writers' Cramp and Allied Muscular Affections by Massage and
Gymnastics,” N. Y. Med. Record, Feb. 23, 1884, pp. 204, 205.
It must be borne in mind that Wolff, not being a physician, can refuse
to treat a case if he thinks it incurable; and in fact he does so, as he
has personally stated to the writer, so that his statistics probably
show a larger percentage of cures than otherwise would be the case.
The following are some of the remedies that have been employed:
Cod-liver oil, iron, quinine, strychnia, arsenic, ergot, iodoform, iodide
and bromide of potassium, nitrate of silver, phosphorus,
physostigma, gelsemium, conium, and some others.
118 Reuben A. Vance, M.D., “Writers' Cramp or Scriveners' Palsy,” Brit. Med. and
Surg. Journal, vol. lxxxvii. pp. 261-285.
Considerable relief has been reported from the use of alternate hot
and cold douches to the affected part—a procedure which is well
known to do good in some cases of undoubted spinal disease; the
application peripherally applied altering in some way, by the
impression conveyed to the centres, the nutrition of the spinal cord.
124 “Der Schreibekrampf,” rev. in Schmidt's Jahrbuch, Bd. cxv., p. 136, 1862.
In regard to the operation and its results, it seems that a fairer test of
the efficacy of nerve-stretching in this case would have been made if
the median and not the ulnar nerve had been stretched, as the latter
only supplies in the forearm the flexor carpi ulnaris and the inner part
of the flexor profundus digitorum, while the former supplies the two
pronators and the remainder of the flexor muscles.
Of the mode of action of this operation we are still much in the dark,
but it would seem to be indicated in any case where the contractions
are very marked and tonic in their nature—not, however, until other
means have failed to relieve.
The inventor claims great success by its use alone, as the weakened
muscles are exercised and strengthened and the cramped muscles
given absolute rest.
Manner of telegraphing:
Arm resting on table 22
Arm raised from table 12
Alternating one with the other 7
Doubtful 2—43
Manner of writing:
Arm movement 13
Finger movement 6
Combination of the two 24—43
TETANUS.
BY P. S. CONNER, M.D.
In the low lands of hot countries (as the East and West Indies) the
disease is very frequently met with, at times prevailing almost
epidemically; and, on the other hand, it is rare in dry elevated
regions and in high northern latitudes, as in Russia, where during a
long military and civil experience Pirogoff met with but eight cases.
Trismus nascentium would seem to be an exception to the general
rule of the non-prevalence of tetanus in places far north, since, e.g.,
it has been at different periods very common in the Hebrides and the
small islands off the southern coast of Iceland. But these localities,
from their peculiar position, are not extremely cold, and their climate
is damp and variable; so that, even if the lockjaw of infants be
accepted as a variety of true tetanus, the geographical exception
indicated is but an apparent one.
3 Heller has reported a case in which a piece of lead was lodged in the sheath of the
sciatic nerve. Though chronic neuritis resulted, the wound healed perfectly. Two years
later, after exposure while drilling, the man was seized with tetanus and died of it.
The so-called humoral theory would find the exciting cause of the
disease in a special morbific agent developed in the secretions of the
unbroken skin or the damaged tissues of the wound, or introduced
from without and carried by the blood-stream to the medulla and the
cord, there to produce such cell-changes as give rise to the tetanic
movements. It finds support in the unsatisfactory character of the
neural theories; in the strong analogy in many respects of the
symptoms of the disease to the increased irritability and muscular
contractions of hydrophobia and strychnia-poisoning, or those
produced by experimental injections of certain vegetable alkaloids; in
the recent discoveries in physiological fluids, as urine and saliva, of
chemical compounds,4 and in decomposing organic matter of
ptomaïnes capable of tetanizing animals when injected into them; in
the rapidly-enlarging number of diseases known to be, or with good
reason believed to be, consequent upon the presence of peculiar
microbes; in the more easy explanation by it than upon other
theories of the ordinary irregularity and infrequency of its occurrence,
its occasional restriction within narrow limits, and its almost endemic
prevalence in certain buildings and even beds; in the extreme gravity
of acute cases and the protracted convalescence of those who
recover from the subacute and chronic forms; in the very frequent
failure of all varieties of operative treatment; and in the success of
therapeutic measures just in proportion to their power to quiet and
sustain the patient during the period of apparent elimination of a
poison or development and death of an organism.
4 Paschkie in some recent experiments found that the sulphocyanide of sodium
applied in small quantities caused a tetanic state more lasting than that caused by
strychnia.