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句子成分及基本句型

一、 考点、热点回顾
【句子的成分】
在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、
定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如:
(1)Lucyisabeautifulnurse.(名词作主语)
(2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.(代词作主语)
(3)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(动名词作主语)
(4)ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式作主语)
(5)Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.(主语从句作主语)
(二)谓语
说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的
词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。
如:Hisparentsareteachers.(系动词和表语一起作谓语)
Westudyhard.(行为动词作谓语)
Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
HecanspeakEnglish.(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
(三)宾语
宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语
来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。
Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.(名词作宾语)
Shesays(that)sheisill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)
Weoftenhelphim.(代词作宾语)
Helikestoplaybasketball.(不定式作宾语)
Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)
说明 1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介
词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中
做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从
句也可用作动词宾语。
说明 2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。
直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词
的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。
不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give,show
(给……看),bring,pass,buy 等。如:
(1)Ourteachertellsusastory.
(2)Thesungivesuslight.
间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现
介词“to”或“for”。
间接宾语前加“to”的有:
give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,t
hrow,promise(答应),refuse(拒绝)等。
间接宾语加“for”的有:
make,buy,do,get,play,order(命令),sing,pay 等
(1)Igivehimabook.改成:
(2)Hepassesmethebook.(他将书递给我。)改成:
(3)Hewritesmealetter.改成:
(4)Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成:
(5)Sheismakingmeacake.改成:
(四)宾语补足语
在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。名
词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。
宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
如:Theymakeherhappy.(形容词)
Iseeherdance.(不定式)
We’llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.(名词)
Pleaselethimin.(副词)
Weheardhersingingasong.(分词短语)
(五)表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、
不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。
如:Iamateacher.(名词)
Heisalwayshappy.(形容词)
Theyareontheplaygroundnow.(介词短语)
Itgetscold.(形容词)
Be 动词(am,is,are,was,were)
系动词表保持(keep,stay,remain)
表改变(get,become,turn)
感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝
起来),smell(闻起来))
如:Itsoundsinteresting.(sound 为系动词,interesting 为表语)
Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain(为系动词,careful 为表语)
(六)定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不
等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。
如:Theblackbikeismine.(形容词)
What’syourname(代词)
Theymakepaperflowers.(名词)
说明 1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing,anything,everything,something
等时,定语在不定代词后面。如:Itellhimsomethinginteresting.
(形容词 interesting 作不定代词 something 的后置定语)
Hehassomethingtodo.(todo 为不定式作后置定语)
说明 2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。
如:TheboysintheroomareinClassFour.(intheroom 是介词短语作 theboys
的后置定语。)
(七)状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、
程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表
示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。
如:Hediditcarefully.(副词)
Weoftenhelphim.(副词)
HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.(介词短语)
WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(从句作时间状语)
Hesitsthere.(副词地点状语)
【简单句的五种基本句型】
A.主语+不及物动词(主谓)
如:Thesunrises.太阳升起来。
Thecarstopped.小汽车停下来了。
rise 和 stop 都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语。
B.主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)
如:Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.
C.主语+系动词+表语(主系表)
如:Herbrotherisadriver.
Wefeelhappy.(feel 为系动词,表示感到……)
Itgetsdark.天黑了。(get 为系动词,表示变得)
Tomlooksill.Tom 看上去病了。(look 为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)
D.主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)
如:HegivesTomapresent.(双宾语)他给汤姆一件礼物。
Mothermakeanewdressforme.(双宾语)妈妈为我做了一件衣服。
E.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)
如:TheycallherMary.(宾补)他们叫她 Mary。
Wemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.(宾补)我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。
Healwaysmakesuslaugh.(宾补)他总使我们笑。
二、 典型例题
写出划线部分的句子成分。
1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.
2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.
3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.
4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.
5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.
6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.
7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.
8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.
9.Theyareintheclassroom.
10.Itsoundsgood.
11.HisnameisPaul.
12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.
三、 课后练习
(一)挑出下列句中的宾语
①?Mybrother?doesn't?do?hishomework.
ABCD
②?People?all?over?theworld?speak?English.
ABCD
③Youmustpay?good?attention?to?your?pronunciation.
ABCD
④Howmanynew?words?do?you?learn?
ABCD
⑤Someofthe?students?intheschoolwant?togoswimming,?how?about?you
ABCD
(二)挑出下列句中的表语
①?Theoldman?is?feeling?very?tired.
ABCD
②Whyis?he?worried?about?Jim
ABCD
③?The?leaves?have?turned?yellow.
ABCD
④Soon?They?all?becomeinterested?inthesubject.
ABCD
⑤She?is?thefirst?tolearn?aboutit.
ABCD
(三)挑出下列句中的定语
①?They?use?Mr.Mrs.withthe?family?name.
ABCD
②?What?is?your?given?name
ABCD
③Onthe?third?lap?are?Class1andClass3.
ABCD
④Iam?afraid?some?people?forgot?tosweep?thefloor.
ABCD
⑤?Theman?downstairs?was?trying?tosleep.
ABCD
(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①She?likes?thechildren?toreadnewspapersandbooks?inthe?reading-room.
(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
②He?asks?her?totaketheboy?outofschool.
ABCD
③She?find?it?difficult?todothework.
ABCD
④They?call?me?Lily?sometimes.
ABCD
⑤?I?saw?Mr.Wang?getonthebus.
ABCD
(五)挑出下列句中的状语
①?There?is?abigsmile?onherface.
ABCD
②?Everynight?he?heard?thenoise?upstairs.
ABCD
③He?began?tolearn?English?whenhewaseleven.
ABCD
④?Theman?onthemotorbike?istravelling?tofast.
ABCD
⑤?Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,?Miss?Li?hurriedoff.
ABCD
(六)划出句中的直接宾语()和间接宾语()
①Pleasetellusastory.
②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Doesheleaveanymessageforme
(七)分析下列句子的句子成分
1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.
2.Seeingisbelieving.
3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch.
4.Shebecameadoctorin1998.
5.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine.
6.Suddenlyitbegantorain.
7.Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday.
8.Ialwaysfindherhappy.
9.HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish.
10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine.
11.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.
12.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.
13.Theyloveeachother.
14.Whatdidyoubuy
15.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.
16.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.
17.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.
18.BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.
19.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage.
20.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.
划分句子成分练习二
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.
6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
7.---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.
8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.
10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.
12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching
13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.
14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.
15.Don'tgetnervous,helpyourselftowhatyoulike.
划分句子成分练习题(2)

(一)指出下例句中主语的中心词

①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
(二)选出句中谓语的中心词
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.
A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus
A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon
⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast
A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast
⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.
A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework
⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.
A.wantB.totellC.youD.is
⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.
A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor
⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.
A.isB.interestedC.inD.music
⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto
A.giveB.didC.whomD.book
(三)挑出下列句中的宾语
①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.
ABCD
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
ABCD
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
ABCD
④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass
ABCD
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou
ABCD
⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.
ABCD
⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
ABCD
⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.
ABCD
⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.
ABCD
⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.
ABCD
(四)挑出下列句中的表语
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
ABCD
②WhyisheworriedaboutJim
ABCD
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
ABCD
④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
ABCD
⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
ABCD
(五)挑出下例句中的定语
①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.
ABCD
②Whatisyourgivenname
ABCD
③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.
ABCD
④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
ABCD
⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
ABCD
⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!
ABCD
(六)挑出下例句中的宾语补足语
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
ABCD
②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
ABCD
③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
ABCD
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.
ABCD
⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.
ABCD
⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow
ABCD
(七)挑出下例句中的状语
①Therewasabigsmileonherface.
ABCD
②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
ABCD
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
ABCD
④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.
ABCD
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.
ABCD
⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.
ABCD
⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.
ABCD
⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.
ABCD
(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
①Pleasetellusastory.
②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme
划分句子成分练习题(2)参考答案
(一)①teacher②man③dictionary④Todo
(二)①B②A③C④A⑤C⑥C⑦D⑧C⑨A⑩A
(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B⑥D⑦C⑧D⑨A⑩D
(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B
(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B⑥D
(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D⑥B
(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A⑥D⑦C⑧D
(八)①us,间接宾语 astory,直接宾语
②me,间接宾语 anewbike,直接宾语③ us,间接宾语 history,直接宾语
④Tom,间接宾语 it,直接宾语⑤ me,间接宾语 message,直接宾语
典型例题答案
一.写出划线部分的句子成分。
1.主,谓,宾,状 2.定,状
3.表 4.谓,宾,状
5.定,定 6.谓,状
7.谓,宾,状 8.谓,状
9.表 10.表
11.定,表 12.状,状
课后练习
(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B
(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D
(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A(八)①us,间接宾语 astory,直接宾语
②me,间接宾语 anewbike,直接宾语③ us,间接宾语 history,直接宾语
④Tom,间接宾语 it,直接宾语⑤ me,间接宾语 message,直接宾语
1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.
主语系表结构做谓语地点状语时间状语
2.Seeingisbelieving.
动词 ing 做主语谓语宾语
3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch.
主语谓语宾语程度副词状语
4.Shebecameadoctorin1998.
主语谓语宾语时间状语
5.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine.
主语补语谓语宾语
6.Suddenlyitbegantorain.
状语形式主语谓语
7.Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday.
目的状语主语谓语时间状语
8.Ialwaysfindherhappy.
主语谓语宾语状语
9.HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish.
主语谓语条件句中的主语条件句中的谓语条件句中的宾语(整个条件句做主干的宾语)
10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine.
主语定语从句谓语宾语
11.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.
主语状语谓语状语状语
12.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.
主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语
13.Theyloveeachother.
主谓语宾语
14.Whatdidyoubuy
宾助动词主谓
15.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语
16.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.
主语定语系动词表语
17.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.
主语谓语宾语
18.BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.
时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语
19.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirma
rriage.
主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语
20.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.
形式主语谓语宾语真正主语

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