ao aaa eS lel ae = The History of Immunology 4 Periods in the History of Immunology « Descriptive early period Plagues & pandemics, esp. bubonic plague in Egypt Disease was regarded as a punishment from God or ‘gods, God struck down those with evi in their hearts, IR was a penalty and the ulimate pice was death. Fides (0.8.2): people wn recovered: rman pte » Early attempts at ‘vaccination: Smallpox "Early experiments: Bacteria cause disease . » Humoral v. cellular immunity Francis Ian L. Salaver, RMT, MD BI Descriptive Early Period Ht Thucydides ‘Thucydides states that: 'the sick and the dying were tended by the pitying care of those who had recovered, because they knew the course of the disease and were themselves free from apprehensions. For no one was ever attacked a second time, or not with a fatal result’. These Athenians had become immune to the plague. Early Attempts at Immunization + Mithradates Vi;(Anatolian King) took increasing daily dases of poisons. + Mithtidatisnt is the sractce of protecting oneselt against 2 poison by gradually self-administering non-lethal amounts,Early Attempts at i Immunization «+ Indian epics tak about attempts at immunization. “There vas a practice of selecting beautiful gifs and ‘administering poison in small amounts unt they ‘re up, thus making them Insensitive to poison. = These were called poison maiden). + Te was believed that making love with vishakanyas can result in death of thelr partners, hence they were employed to kil enemies. “BE Early Attempts at Immunization Immunization against Smallpox:- > caused by the vaiola vue + enters the body through the lunge and is carie In the blood othe internal organs and skin where ‘mutpies. + can kill 10 to 30% of the total population, the most {eared and greatest killin human history. ARE Early attempts at Immunization Immunization against Smallpox:- "Chinese: dried matter from pustules inserted in nostris, + Dried smallpox scabs were blown into the nose of an individual who then contracted a mild form of the disease. (Asians and Africans) + Europeans and their American cousins tended to inoculate through a puncture in the skin. “AEE Variolation » Blowing dried scab material up the noses of inglviduats with a silver tube ("Gan Miao’ iccine) or using water to make pLaSelne) oF scabs to insert into the nostrils. ("Shi | Miao": wet vaccine), ewSd A Smallpox Victim = Immunisation against Smallpox (2) Variolation = Early 188 Ca inocUiated her own children with smallpox vu. + "The Royal Experiment” Several prisoners and abandoned chidren were inocisted by having smalpox inserted under the Skin Sree mon ae, te chien and nes wer Getecrtcy exposed". smalipox. "When one Contracted the Geease, the procedure vas deemed ste Sind members of the roel fal were inoculated “Then 2 doughters of Prince & Princess of Woles ‘nocntes, hence become popu Immunisation against Smallpox a (2) Vaccination End of 18" C..WEdward lennef Inoculated 7 subjects with coupox. 2 challenged with smalipox virus, hence: general term, Jal Edward Jenner As a teenager, while learning to be a physician, he heard a young farm girl tell a doctor that she could not contract smallox because she had ‘once had cowpox (a very mild disease). This started him th about a vaccine. Edward Jenner inoculating James Phipps with cowpox, HE Note!!! “Vaccination,” the word Jenner invented for his treatment (from the Latin, vacca, a cow), was adopted by Louis Pasteur for immunization against any diseaseImmunisation against Smallpox (3) = WHO Programme Year BE 19% C.: Bacteria cause disease = Robert Koch & Louis Pasteur established bacteria as cause of diseases. » Pasteur: Injected animals with live attenuated micoorganisms —> immunity v. chicken cholera, anthrax, rabies. ME Louis Pasteur © Pasteur's later work on diseases included work on chicken cholera, During this work, a culture of the responsible bacteria had spoiled and failed to induce the disease in some chickens he was infecting with the disease, ME Louis Pasteur Upon reusing these healthy chickens, Pasteur discovered he could not infect them, even with fresh bacteria; Why? -BE Louis Pasteur @ = On Guljla/H4886) 9-year-o14 was bitten repeatedly by a rabid dog. Pasteu treated “him with his attenuated rabies vaccine two days later. Meister survived, Joseph Meister later become a gatekeeper fc the Pasteur Institute. In 1940, when he pet proerety ie jierman occupiers to open Crypt, Joseph Mei committed suicide ae ee soaa Wars of The Cells and Antibodies * Cellular Theory: ae agocytes in ee innate Immunity). Humoral Theory: Koch, Ehrlich et al (Berlin) ‘= Showed serum from immunised animals. kis bacteria, At Humoral Immunity [Bordet discovered comy a eity to jiphtheria & tetanus due to Abs. v. toxins. Passive transfer of immune serum —> protection = 1* immunotherapy. __ Wars of The Cells and Antibodies: al Truce (Siygatcee RENEE - Sesouisaan, of bacteria by Antibodies. pted fusion of Cellular and Humoral Theories — “Sir Almost Right”. HE OpsoninsINTRODUCTION. TO jMMUNOLE! 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Bh, hess dean Oo) ae Y Ch wis dissedalel b Cab © Heredia Angiocgema LE aber atosence op CA inhibit Clays C24 — inereace wagulae permeability a ce < a © Abe & Mic ——* reonrent Neisseria! _inpeti Y bram Negative, Intercelelar AlplococeiCHAPTER G@ = MASDR HISTOCOMPATIBILIT] COMPLEX Clage | = nucleated cols Meir tog Conlon OO | prea 2d peal aig et puts dente cok ond dats 1 ara baariia te wocl hae hee tp PH bape jon dein can be cone fongiilly = leh 2feOME mst bee fone ek ap MIKE gw ren Formerly Keowee og HLA (Homer Leake Antigen’) 7 4h ford ile Bld cat gay waddle ancy humans IMuile pe prteals od expec smmgh o-donnance 78 Vetter Talecr Alp ep + Ospitg ale AID Bc Blo Alc WIC ce “peice” , Hos ex by guacs, ——— genes ae oad m bec in chtmatone OP alnomesone o Jove am Cthomers Cancer celle Am vey leyy. Hlneres fon oq, Teomeres v feeninel pot VY Dikermine bw Many inet tHe ctrmocomee vides Suatt shom ot Chomnagene, GE AeeIoW T cooreacn eile Grtmmeric End eo = icmees eat proteins Hohe & sor es at Rajon T — oan coed, cat 1 Ragin b> ctunys encodes lace 1 ds 1 + cage 1 3 A me on * Close Be — umplemeal, proteinsOLASS Teale tat > thmcalvler antigen —vtws = resngnined ty CDS 7 Sia of aligen Prt engebien © datas me f x Reid taney Ae - aa Oe) ana cs aca we @ * VY fecagnizcd by OB ns Y Antigen HLA-A ce. semi » dacs 1 4 = Jeacritic. cel wa -0P Oat mera die baa cLAss T ap or BLA =e ie > rwogiized by C04 Bacmo4 aan ; v Peptide bing deol > ah onct Od i. pt etain Y Resegrised by C4 BLA=DR2 — Multiple Sclercis Geed pasteor syncirem ¢ > HLA=DR3 — Grades disease Myasthenia gravis SLE ( Sychemic Lys Eytkematene) > MADRE — dachimoto’s Anyroiditis fo ioe $6) Hh DeS dena) {Sy Antignn ——__ (DRS + bashimoh's aynititisIMMUNODEFICIENG! DISORDERS Classification * A. 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