NUCLEIC ACID EXTRACTION

- vaccine development (recombinant DNA

NUCLEIC ACID EXTRACTION
technology)
- hormone development
- A starting point in a various downstream 3. Forensic Science
application - ID of culprits, paternity determination
 PCR
 Sequencing A. PROCEDURE
 DNA fingerprinting - Basic Steps in DNA Isolation/Extraction Methods:
 DNA microarray
- A series of steps to obtain nucleic acid samples 1. Cell and Tissue Disruption
(DNA or RNA) that are free from impurities &
2. Removal of membrane lipids/ Lysis of cell membrane
are suitable for downstream application steps
- Purpose: 3. Protein denaturation and removal/ digestion
 disintegrate the cell membrane
4. Removal of other cellular components
 achieve maximum elimination of lipids
& proteins 5. RNA denaturation and removal
 obtain pure DNA and or RNA
6. DNA elution and storage (solid-phase extraction)
 also the high yield of DNA and or RNA

DNA EXTRACTION Based on other references (method):

1. DNA Isolation 1. Cell Lysis

- aims to get as much of the target out of your 2. Removal of Contaminants: ●
sample as possible  Proteins
- along this step, one usually picks up  RNAs
contamination  Other macromolecules
3. Concentration of Purified DNA/ Purification of
Purification: Reduces or eliminates contamination DNA Method - Cell Lysis - Removal of
of the isolated target Membrane Lipids - Precipitation of DNA
2. DNA Extraction
- one specific way to achieve isolation and
purification
- uses a solvent that serves as an extractant
- divided into different stages

NOTE: The aim of isolation and extraction is to recover

nucleic acids

Specific Applications of DNA Isolation/Extraction

1. Scientific
- introduction of DNA into cells (humans,
animals, or plants) for diagnostic purposes
(gene cloning)
- gene cloning involves the introduction of DNA
to cells
2. Medicine (whole genome sequencing)
- identify point sources for hospital and
community-based outbreaks
- diagnose hereditary & infectious diseases
- predict virulence of microorganisms