A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

PRECALCULUS

SECTION I, Part A

Time – 1 hour, 20 minutes

Number of questions – 28

NO CALCULATOR IS ALLOWED FOR THIS PART OF THE EXAM.

Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratch work. After examining the
choices, decide which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. No
credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet. Do not spend too much time on any one problem.

In this exam:

(1) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function 𝑓 is assumed to be the set of all real numbers 𝑥 for
which 𝑓(𝑥) is a real number.

(2) Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians.

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1. Let f be a decreasing function where the rate of change of f is increasing. Which of the following
could be the graph of f ?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

x 1 3 4 6

g ( x) −3 1 −1 5

2. The table gives values for the function g at selected values of x . What is the average rate of change of g
over the interval 1  x  6?

1 2 3 8
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 5 4 5

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lim f ( x ) =  and lim f ( x ) = 0

x →− x →

3. The function f has the end behavior described above. Which of the following could be an expression for
f?
x x
1 1
−3 ( 2 ) 3( 2)
x x
(A) −3   (B) (C) 3  (D)
2 2

4. The value of a new car is modeled by the function C . The value of the car is expected to decrease by 19%
each year. At time t = 0 years, the value of the car was $30, 000 . Which of the following expressions
gives the value of the car after m months? (Note: There are 12 months in a year).

(A) 30, 000 ( 0.19 )

12 m

(B) 30, 000 ( 0.19 )

m 12

(C) 30, 000 ( 0.81)

12 m

(D) 30, 000 ( 0.81)

m 12

5. Let f be a function with the domain −2  x  8 . The function g is defined by g ( x ) = 3 f 2 ( x + 4 ) − 1 . ( )

Which of the following gives the domain of the function g ?

(A)  −7, 23 (B)  −5, 0 (C)  −3, 2 (D)  0, 20

1
6. What is the value of the expression log 2 8 + log 9   ?
3
5 10 5 7
(A) − (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2 2

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𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒇

7. The graph of the function f consists of two linear segments as shown above. Which of the following is the
−1
graph of f , the inverse of f ?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

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x −1 0 3 4
f ( x) 2 1 5 3

g ( x) 8 4 7 −1

8. The table gives values for the functions f and g at selected values of x. Functions f and g are defined for
( )
all real numbers. Let h be the function defined by h ( x ) = f g ( x ) . What is the value of h ( 4 ) ?

(A) −3 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 7

4 x3 + 8 x 2 − 3
9. The rational function r is defined by r ( x ) = . Which of the following claim and explanation
4 x 2 − 3x + 1
statements about the graph of r is true?

(A) The graph of r has a horizontal asymptote because the degree of the numerator is greater than the
degree of the denominator.
(B) The graph of r has a horizontal asymptote because the leading coefficient of the numerator is equal to
the leading coefficient of the denominator.
(C) The graph of r does not have a horizontal asymptote because the degree of the numerator is greater than
the degree of the denominator.
(D) The graph of r does not have a horizontal asymptote because the leading coefficient of the numerator is
equal to the leading coefficient of the denominator.

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  
10. The function k is given by k ( x ) = cos   +  , where 0    . Which of the following is an
 3 2
equivalent form k ( x ) ?

3
(A) cos  +
2
1 3
(B) cos  − sin 
2 2
1 3
(C) cos  + sin 
2 2
3 1
(D) cos  + sin 
2 2

11. The polynomial function p is an odd function. If p is positive and increasing on the interval 2  x  7 ,
then which of the following statements about p must be true?

(A) p is negative and decreasing over the interval −7  x  −2 .

(B) p is negative and increasing over the interval −7  x  −2 .

(C) p is positive and decreasing over the interval −7  x  −2 .

(D) p is positive and increasing over the interval −7  x  −2 .

( x − 3)( x + 2 ) ( x + 5)( x − 4 ) .
2

12. Let r be the rational function given by r ( x ) = Which of the following

( x + 2 )( x + 5)( x − 4 )
2

descriptions about the graph of r ( x ) is correct?

(A) The graph of r ( x ) has one vertical asymptote and two holes.
(B) The graph of r ( x ) has two vertical asymptotes and one hole.
(C) The graph of r ( x ) has two vertical asymptotes and two holes.
(D) The graph of r ( x ) has three vertical asymptotes and no holes.

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𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒇
13. Let f be a sinusoidal function. The graph of y = f ( x ) is given in the xy -plane. What is the amplitude of
the sinusoidal function f ?

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6

14. Planning for future growth, Speedway analyzed data for student enrollment in Speedway Schools over the
past several years. The city planners used a linear regression to create a model that could be used to help
predict future school enrollments. The figure shows a graph of the residuals of the linear regression.
Which of the following statements about the linear regression model is true?

(A) The linear model is not appropriate, because there is a clear pattern in the graph of the residuals.
(B) The linear model is not appropriate, because the graph of the residuals is not a linear pattern.
(C) The linear model is appropriate, because there is a clear pattern in the graph of the residuals.
(D) The linear model is appropriate, because all of the residuals are of relatively small size.

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15. Let g ( x ) = 2sin ( x ) cos ( x ) and h ( x ) = − sin ( x ) . In the xy -plane, what are the x-coordinates of the
points of intersection of the graphs of g and h for 0  x  2 ?

2 4
(A) x = and x = only
3 3
 3 7 11
(B) x = , x= , x= , and x =
2 2 6 6
 5
(C) x = 0, x =  , x = , and x =
3 3
2 4
(D) x = 0, x =  , x = , and x =
3 3

x f ( x)
1 −11
2 −7
3 −4
4 −3

16. The table shows values for a function f at selected values of x. Which of the following claim and
explanation statements best fits these data?

(A) The graph of f is concave up, because the rate of change over consecutive equal-length input-value
intervals is positive.

(B) The graph of f is concave up, because the rate of change over consecutive equal-length input-value
intervals is increasing.

(C) The graph of f is concave down, because the rate of change over consecutive equal-length input-value
intervals is negative.

(D) The graph of f is concave down, because the rate of change over consecutive equal-length input-
value intervals is decreasing.

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17. Which of the following statements about the function h ( x ) = −2 x 4 + 3 x 3 − 4 x + 7 is correct?

(A) h has a global minimum but h does not have a global maximum.

(B) h has a global maximum but h does not have a global minimum.

(C) h has both a global minimum and a global maximum.

(D) h has neither a global minimum nor a global maximum.

18. The number of customers inside a fast-food restaurant during lunch can be modeled by the function C
 
given by C ( t ) = 52 − 27 cos  t  , where t is the time since lunch began, in minutes, for 0  t  30.
 15 
Which of the following is the maximum number of customers inside the fast-food restaurant during lunch?

(A) 106 (B) 79 (C) 52 (D) 27

𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒉

19. The polynomial function h is shown above, and is known to have complex zeros at x = 2i and x = 3 − i.
What is the least possible degree of h ?

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 7

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𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒈

20. A portion of the graph of the periodic function 𝑔 is shown above, where the period of 𝑔 is 11 . What is the
value of 𝑔(42)?

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5

21. A polynomial function p is given by p ( x ) = ax n − 3 x 2 + 4 x − 1 , where a and n are constants and n  2.

If the end behavior of p is given by the statements lim p ( x ) =  and lim p ( x ) = − , which of the
x →− x →

following could be the values of a and n ?

(A) a = −4 (B) a = −4 (C) a=3 (D) a=3

n=5 n=6 n=7 n=8

x
1
22. An exponential function k is given by k ( x ) = −3   . Which of the following statements about k is
2
correct?

(A) k is increasing, and the graph of k is concave up.

(B) k is increasing, and the graph of k is concave down.

(C) k is decreasing, and the graph of k is concave up.

(D) k is decreasing, and the graph of k is concave down.

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23. The function f is given by f ( x ) = x 3 − 3x 2 − 10 x , and the function g is given by g ( x ) = x 2 − 6 x + 5 .

f ( x)
Let h be the function given by h ( x ) = . What are all intervals on which h ( x )  0?
g ( x)

(A) ( −2, 0 )  ( 5,  )
(B) ( −2, 0 )  (1,  )
(C) ( −2, 0 )  (1, 5)  ( 5,  )
(D) ( −, − 2 )  ( 0, 1)  ( 5,  )

𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒓

24. The rational function r has a vertical asymptote at x = 1 and a hole at x = −1 , as shown above. Which of
the following could be an expression for r ( x ) ?

− ( x − 2 )( x + 1) − ( x − 2 )( x − 1) ( x − 2 )( x + 1) ( x − 2 )( x − 1)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
( x − 1)( x + 1) ( x − 1)( x + 1) ( x − 1)( x + 1) ( x − 1)( x + 1)

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25. A polynomial function h is given by h ( x ) = −2 x ( x + 3)( x − 2 ) . Which of the following could be the
2

graph of h ( x ) ?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

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x f ( x)

7 1
14 2
28 3

56 4

112 5

26. The table shows values for a function f at selected values of x. Which of the following claim and
explanation statements best fit these data?

(A) f is best modeled by an exponential function, because the outputs over consecutive equal-length
input-value intervals are proportional.

(B f is best modeled by an exponential function, because the inputs over consecutive equal-length output-
value intervals are proportional.

(C) f is best modeled by a logarithmic function, because the outputs over consecutive equal-length input-
value intervals are proportional.

(D) f is best modeled by a logarithmic function, because the inputs over consecutive equal-length output-
value intervals are proportional.

 5 
27. The point P has the polar coordinates  −3,  . Which of the following polar coordinates is an
 6 
equivalent representation of the point P ?

 7   7   11   11 
(A)  −3,  (B)  3,  (C)  −3,  (D)  3, 
 6   6   6   6 

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28. The graph of the polar function r = f ( ) is shown above for 0    2 . Which of the following is the
equation for f ( ) ?

(A) f ( ) = 1 − 2sin ( )
(B) f ( ) = 1 + 2sin ( )
(C) f ( ) = 1 − 2 cos ( )
(D) f ( ) = 1 + 2 cos ( )

END OF PART A

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,

YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON PART A ONLY.

DO NOT GO ON TO PART B UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

 PRECALCULUS

SECTION I, Part B

Time – 40 minutes

Number of questions – 12

A GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR SOME QUESTIONS ON THIS PART OF THE EXAM.

Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratch work. After examining the
choices, decide which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. No
credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet. Do not spend too much time on any one problem.
BE SURE YOU FILL IN THE CIRCLES ON THE ANSWER SHEET THAT CORRESPOND TO QUESTIONS NUMBERED
76-87.

YOU MAY NOT RETURN TO QUESTIONS NUMBERED 1-28.

In this exam:

(1) The exact numerical value of the correct answer does not always appear among the choices given. When this
happens, select from among the choices the number that best approximates the exact numerical value.

(2) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function 𝑓 is assumed to be the set of all real numbers 𝑥 for which
𝑓(𝑥) is a real number.

(3) Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians. Make sure your calculator is in
radian mode.

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76. A geometric sequence g n has known terms g 4 = 9 and g 7 = 30.375 . What is the value of g12 ?

(A) 66.000 (B) 85.500 (C) 129.746 (D) 230.660

x 1 3 4 7 8
f ( x) 1.137 24.080 60.449 366.761 553.928

77. The table presents values for f at selected values of x . A cubic regression y = ax + bx + cx + d is used
3 2

to model these data. What is the value of f ( 4 ) predicted by the cubic function model?
(A) 30.791 (B) 60.449 (C) 61.382 (D) 62.018

78. A complex number is represented by a point in the complex plane. The complex number has the rectangular
coordinates ( −1, 3) . Which of the following is one way to express the complex number using its polar
coordinates ( r ,  ) ?

(A) ( ) (
10 cos ( −1.249 ) + i 10 sin ( −1.249 ) )
(B) ( ) (
10 cos (1.249 ) + i 10 sin (1.249 ) )
(C) ( ) (
10 cos (1.893) + i 10 sin (1.893) )
(D) ( ) (
10 cos ( 4.391) + i 10 sin ( 4.391) )

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 x 1 2 3 4 5
k ( x) 25 55 121 266 586

79. The table above gives values for the function k at selected values of x. Which of the following graphs could
represent these data in a semi-log plot, where the vertical axis is logarithmically scaled?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

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 ( )
80. The function f is defined by f ( x ) = a cos b ( x + c ) + d , for constants a, b, c, and d . In the xy -plane,
the points ( 3, 4 ) and ( 5, 8 ) represent consecutive minimum and maximum values, respectively, on the
graph of f . What are the values of b and d ?

(A) b = and d = 4
2

(B) b = and d = 6
2
(C) b =  and d = 4

(D) b =  and d = 6

81. Let g ( x ) = 3.5 − 4.7 sin ( x ) and h ( x ) = csc (1.8 x ) . In the xy -plane, what are the x-coordinates of the

points of intersection of the graphs of g and h for 0  x  ?
2
(A) x = 0.515 only

(B) x = 0.616 only

(C) x = 0.241 and x = 0.487

(D) x = 0.451 and x = 1.447

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82. The height above ground of a rider on a Ferris wheel can be modeled by the function H given by
 1 
H ( t ) = 42sin  ( t + 30 )  + 44.5 , where t is the time, in seconds, once the ride begins for
 20 
0  t  120. Which of the following best describes the behavior of H ( t ) when t = 115 seconds?

(A) The height above ground of the rider is increasing at an increasing rate.
(B) The height above ground of the rider is increasing at a decreasing rate.
(C) The height above ground of the rider is decreasing at an increasing rate.
(D) The height above ground of the rider is decreasing at a decreasing rate.

𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒇
−1
83. The graph of f is shown above. Which of the following intervals gives the domain of f , the inverse of
f?

1 1   1 1
(A) 3, 10 (B)  2, 8 (C)  ,  (D)  , 
8 2  10 3 

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 ( )
84. The function P is given by P ( t ) = ln c 2t , where c is a positive constant. If P ( 3) = 6 , what is the value
of P (10 ) ?

(A) 6.105

(B) 7.204

(C) 7.764

(D) 11.596

x h ( x)
0 10
1 7
3 3
4 2
6 0.4

85. The table presents values for a function h at selected values of x. An exponential regression y = ab is
x

used to model these data. The residual in the model when x = 5 is 0.512. What is h ( 5 ) ?

(A) 0.378 (B) 0.890 (C) 1.402 (D) 1.488

86. Students taking a final exam in a large college math class turn in their exams as they complete them. The
rate that exams are turned in is modeled by the function E , where E ( t ) = 9.1sin ( 0.18t ) + 12.63 for
0  t  30. E ( t ) is measured in exams per minute, and t is measured in minutes since the first exam
was turned in. Based on the model, at what value of t does the rate of exams being turned in reach its
maximum?

(A) t = 8.727 (B) t = 21.730 (C) t = 26.180 (D) t = 30

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87. A toy airplane travels counterclockwise in a circular pathway of radius 5 feet at a constant rate. The figure
above displays the path and direction of the toy airplane in the xy -plane. At time t = 0 seconds, the plane
is at the point ( 5, 0 ) . At time t = 60 seconds, the toy airplane has completed exactly 10 complete rotations
around the circular pathway. A sinusoidal function is used to model the x-coordinate of the position of the
plane as a function of time t in seconds. Which of the following functions is an appropriate model for this
situation?

 
(A) f ( t ) = 5cos  t
3 

(B) f ( t ) = 5cos (12 t )

 
(C) f ( t ) = 5sin  t
3 

(D) f ( t ) = 5sin (12 t )

END OF SECTION I

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,

YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON PART B ONLY.

DO NOT GO ON TO SECTION II UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒇

1. The graph of the function f is shown above, and consists of four line segments. The function g is given by
g ( x ) = 1.2 x 3 − 4.9 x 2 + 0.7.

(A) (i) The function h is defined by h ( x ) = ( g f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) . Find the value of h ( 4 ) as a decimal

approximation, or indicate that it is not defined.
(ii) Find all values of x for which f ( x ) = 3, or indicate there are no such values.

(B) (i) Find all real zeros of g , as decimal approximations, or indicate there are no such values.
(ii) Determine the end behavior of g as x decreases without bound. Express your answer using the
mathematical notation of a limit.

(C) (i) Determine if an inverse function of f can be constructed for all values in the domain of f .
(ii) Give a reason for your answer based on the definition of a function and the graph of f .
2. The Chinese bamboo tree exhibits a unique growth pattern. Once a seed has been planted, the Chinese bamboo tree
does not break through the ground for several years. However, once it breaks through the ground, the Chinese
bamboo tree grows exponentially. In one particular experiment, a group of biologists recorded the height of a Chinese
bamboo tree once it broke through the ground. After one week ( t = 1) , the Chinese bamboo tree measured 3 feet,
and after five weeks ( t = 5 ) , the same tree measured 89 feet.
The height of the Chinese bamboo tree can be modeled by the function H given by H ( t ) = abt , where H ( t ) is the
height of the tree, in feet, t weeks after it first breaks ground.

(A) (i) Use the given data to write two equations that can be used to find the values for constants a and b in the
expression for H ( t ) .
(ii) Find the values for a and b.

(B) (i) Use the given data to find the average rate of change of the height of the Chinese bamboo tree, in feet per
week, from t = 1 to t = 5 weeks. Express your answer as a decimal approximation. Show the computations
that lead to your answer.
(ii) Interpret the meaning of your answer from (i) in the context of the problem.

(iii) Consider the average rates of change of H from t = 5 to t = p weeks, where p  5. Are these average
rates of change less than or greater than the average rate of change from t = 1 to t = 5 weeks found in (i)?
Explain your reasoning.

(C) For which t -value, t = 4 weeks or t = 11 weeks, should the biologists have more confidence in when using the
model H ? Give a reason for your answer in the context of the problem.
 Figure 1 Figure 2
3. The pistons of a particular car engine oscillate up and down and complete 20 full cycles every second. Point B is on
the top of one of the pistons and is located directly above the center of motion. Figure 1 shows the piston at time t = 0
seconds, when the piston is at its maximum height and Point B is 7 inches above the center of motion. Figure 2 shows
the piston at its minimum height and Point B is 3 inches above the center of motion. The center of motion is 30 inches
above flat ground on which the car sits. As the pistons oscillate vertically at a constant speed, the distance between B
and the ground periodically decreases and increases.

The sinusoidal function s models the distance between B and the ground, in inches, as a function of t in seconds.

(A) The graph of s and its dashed midlines for two full cycles is shown. Five points, F , G , J , K , and P are labeled
on the graph. No scale is indicated, and no axes are presented.
( )
Determine possible coordinates t , s ( t ) for the five points F , G , J , K , and P .

(B) ( )
The function s can be written in the form s ( t ) = a sin b ( t + c ) + d . Find values of the constants
a, b, c, and d .

(C) Refer to the graph of s in part (A). The t -coordinate of G is t1 , and the t -coordinate of J is t2 .
(i) On the interval ( t1 , t2 ) , which of the following is true about s ?
a. s is positive and increasing.
b. s is positive and decreasing.
c. s is negative and increasing.
d. s is negative and decreasing.

(ii) Describe how the rate of change of s is changing on the interval ( t1 , t2 ) .

4. Directions:
• Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for
which f ( x ) is a real number. Angle measures for trigonometric functions are assumed to be in radians.
• Solutions to equations must be real numbers. Determine the exact value of any expression that can be
 
 , and sin (1) can be evaluated without a
−1
obtained without a calculator. For example, log 2 8, cos 
2
calculator.
• Unless otherwise specified, combine terms using algebraic methods and rules for exponents and logarithms,
x5
where applicable. For example, 2 x + 3 x, 5  5 , , and ln 3 + ln 5 should be rewritten in equivalent
2 3

x2
forms.
• For each part of the question, show the work that leads to your answers.

(A) The functions g and h are given by

g ( x ) = log 3 ( x + 4 )

h ( x ) = 2 cos x.

(i) Solve g ( x ) = 2 for values of x in the domain of g .

(ii) Solve h ( x ) = 1 for values of x in the interval  0, 2  .

(B) The functions j and k are given by

j ( x ) = ln ( x − 7 ) − 3ln 2 − 4 ln ( x + 1)

k ( x ) = tan x − csc x sec x.

(i) Rewrite j ( x ) as a single natural logarithm without negative exponents in any part of the expression. Your
result should be of the form ln ( expression ) .

(ii) Rewrite k ( x ) as an expression in which cot x appears once and no other trigonometric functions are involved.

(C) The function m is given by

m ( x ) = sin ( 2 x ) + 3 cos ( x ) .

Find all input values in the domain of m that yield an output value of 0.
 Answer QUESTION 1 part (A) on this page

𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝒇

Response for question 1 (A)

(i)
Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

(ii)

Page 1

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 Answer QUESTION 1 parts (B) and (C) on this page

Response for question 1 (B)

(i)

(ii)
Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

Response for question 1 (C)

(i)

(ii)

Page 2

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 Answer QUESTION 2 part (A) on this page

Response for question 2 (A)

(i)
this border.

Do not
this border.

Dowrite
(ii)

not write
beyond

beyond
beyond

beyond
not write

this border.
Dowrite

this border.
Do not

Page 3
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 Answer QUESTION 2 parts (B) and (C) on this page

Response for question 2 (B)

(i)

(ii)
Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

(iii)

Response for question 2 (C)

Page 4
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 Answer QUESTION 3 part (A) on this page

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

Response for question 3 (A)

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 Answer QUESTION 3 parts (B) and (C) on this page

Response for question 3 (B)

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

Response for question 3 (C)

(i)

(ii)

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 Answer QUESTION 4 part (A) on this page

Response for question 4 (A)

(i)

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Do not write beyond this border.

(ii)

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 Answer QUESTION 4 parts (B) and (C) on this page

Response for question 4 (B)

(i)

(ii)

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Do not write beyond this border.

Response for question 4 (C)

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