NNT

MR

(3) "Corroborative evidence" is additional evidence of a different character to the same point. (4)
"Cumulative evidence" is additional evidence of the same character to the same point.

Under the omnibus motion rule, all available grounds for objection in attacking a pleading, order,
judgment, or proceeding should be invoked all at the same time; otherwise, they are deemed waived.

Diff modes of appeal

Rules 40-45

LABOR

1. Labor Arbiter – RTC

(Appeal -

2. National Labor Relations Commission

(Mode of review. Rule 65 – Grave abuse of Discretion )

3. Court of Appeals

4. Supreme Court

Labor Sector is highly protected by our Constitution. State policy is to protect the Labor Sector. Labor
contract is threshed with public

Non-impairment clause (Exc. Employment contracts)

- The purpose of the non-impairment clause of the Constitution is to safeguard the integrity of
contracts against unwarranted interference by the State. As a rule, contracts should not be
tampered with by subsequent laws that would change or modify the rights and obligations of
the parties. Impairment is anything that diminishes the efficacy of the contract. There is an
impairment if a subsequent law changes the terms of a contract between the parties, imposes
new conditions, dispenses with those agreed upon or withdraws remedies for the enforcement
of the rights of the parties
Relief original action

AOJ

- Any party with preponderance of evidence.