WELDING CONSUMABLES

1. An MMA electrode classified as E7018 is:

a. a basic low hydrogen electrode containing iron powder
b. a rutile electrode containing iron powder
c. a cellulose electrode suitable for welding in all positions
d. a basic electrode depositing weld metal with yield strength of at least 70,000 psi
e. both a and d

2. In EN 499, what does the number 50 represent in the following electrode classification?
E 50 3 1Ni B 160 0 1 H5
a. a minimum of 50 N/mm2 yield strength
b. a minimum of 500 N/mm2 tensile strength
c. a minimum 50000 psi yield strength
d. a minimum of 50000 psi tensile strength
e. none of the above

3. Which of the following statement maybe considered correct when dealing with
agglomerated fluxes?
1. easy addition of additive
2. they're less hygroscophic than other types
3. flaky appearance
4. need to bake, prior to their use
5. less dust tendency

a. statements 1 & 4 are correct

b. answer 1 & 3 are correct
c. answer 4 & 5 are correct
d. statements 1, 2, 4 and 5 are correct

4. What is the main constituent of a rutile electrode?

a. cellulose
b. titanium dioxide
c. calcium carbonate
d. asbestos

5. What does the 70 represent on a E7010 AWS classified electrode?

a. 70 N/mm2 minimum U.T.S.
b. 70 N/mm2 maximum U.T.S.
c. 70,000 psi minimum U.T.S.
d. 70,000 psi minimum yield strength

6. Which of the following is not an inert gas?

a. argon
b. xenon
c. carbon dioxide
d. helium

7. Why is a welding arc shielded?

a. to eliminate hydrogen
b. to retard the cooling rate of the weld
c. to eliminate the atmosphere
d. to ensure maximum heat input
8. Why is it preferable to use basic coated electrodes on attachment fillet welds on high
pressure pipes?
a. high penetration in comparison with cellulose electrodes
b. low penetration in comparison with cellulose electrodes
c. neat profile
d. for a defect - free weld

9. Which of the following electrodes is classified to BS EN 499?

a. E 38 3 R
b. E 6013
c. E 7018 - G
d. E 51 33 B

10. Which type of electrode is used for vertical - down welding (stove-pipe welding) of
pipeline girth welds?
a. rutile
b. cellulose
c. high recovery rutile
d. all of the above

11. The three main types of MMA electrodes that are used for welding C & C/Mn steels are…….
a. basic, cellulosic and rutile
b. neutral, cellulosic and rutile
c. basic, cellulosic and neutral
d. rutile, low hydrogen and basic

12. MMA electrodes, with the flux covering removed, should not be used as filler rods for
TIG welding because……
a. welding costs will be much higher
b. the rod diameter will be too large
c. the weld metal composition may wrong
d. the rods will too short

13. The chemical composition of weld metal deposited by a C/Mn steel MMA electrode is
controlled mainly by…….
a. the core wire composition
b. the transfer of alloying additions from the flux covering
c. the transfer of iron powder from the flux covering
d. dilution from the base material

14. Silicon is added to steel, and the covering of MMA electrodes, for the purpose of……..
a. de-oxidation
b. improving strength
c. improving toughness
d. giving better resistance to hydrogen cracking

15. What type of covering do low hydrogen electrodes have?

a. cellulosic
b. rutile
c. acid
d. basic

16. A hydrogen controlled MMA electrode can always be recognized by the…….

a. EN code letter or AWS code number stamped on the covering
b. thickness of the electrode covering
c. trade name
d. colour of the flux covering
17. The compulsory part of the coding system used for electrodes manufactured to EN 499
must include…….
a. the covering type and positional capability
b. the covering type and preferred polarity
c. the covering type and minimum strength
d. the covering type and maximum hardness

18. A typical temperature range for baking low hydrogen electrodes is…..
a. 150 to 200 C
b. 200 to 250 C
c. 300 to 350 C
d. 450 to 500 C

19. Which type of SAW flux requires careful control of storage, issue and handling to avoid
moisture pick-up?
a. neutral
b. agglomerated
c. fused
d. they are all about the same

20. Which gas is the most suitable shielding gas for GMAW of 304L and 316L stainless steels?
a. 100% argon
b. 70% argon + 30% He
c. argon + 20% hydrogen
d. argon + 1% O2

21. Which is the most suitable shielding gas for GMAW of aluminum?
a. 100% CO2
b. 100% argon
c. 80% argon + 20% O2
d. 98% argon + 2% O2

22. Which of the following AWS A5.1 electrodes has a rutile covering……….
a. E 6010
b. E 7016
c. E 7018
d. E 6013

23. What type of covering will an electrode have that is suitable for welding 60mm C/Mn steel
and can give good weld metal toughness at -50C……..
a. rutile
b. basic
c. cellulosic
d. choice will defend on the welding position

24. Electrodes with a basic covering are used:

a. for welding high strength low alloy steels
b. when low temperature toughness is specified for the weld metal
c. when low hydrogen electrodes are specified
d. when any of the above are applicable

25. To ensure that low hydrogen electrodes have very low moisture content, a typical baking
temperature would be:
a. 120C
b. 350C
c. 450C
d. 200C

26. Cellulosic electrodes are characterized by:

a. being used for joints requiring high toughness
 b. being giving very high hydrogen weld metal
c. having deep penetration characteristics
d. both b & c

27. The flux covering on a MMA electrode:

a. generates slag and gas to protect the molten weld pool from contamination by air
b. adds elements to strengthen and toughen the weld
c. contains arc stabilizing compounds
d. all of the above

28. Cellulose electrodes are often used for the deposition of a root pass on pipes welded in the
field. This is because?
a. hydrogen control is required
b. the high deposition rate due to the iron powder content
c. the hydrogen gas produced in the flux increases the arc voltage
d. all of the above

29. Which of the following additions may be added to an electrodes flux to act as a stabilizer?
a. sodium silicate
b. silicon
c. manganese
d. titanium dioxide

30. Basic coated electrodes have which of the following properties

a. high mechanical properties may be used to produce welds of high deposition rates and
to produce welds of low hydrogen content
b. friable slag, high mechanical strength, and to produce welds of a low hydrogen content
c. low hydrogen content welds, good stop/start properties and high strength
d. low carbon content welds, friable slag and high strength

31. What does the 70 represent on an E7010 AWS A5.1 classified electrode?
a. 70 N/mm2 minimum UTS
b. 70 joules minimum impact strength
c. 70,000 psi minimum yield strength
d. 70,000 psi minimum UTS

32. Cellulose elctrodes have which of the following properties?

a. viscous slag, large volumes of shielding gas and UTS values above 90,000 psi
b. large volumes of shielding gas, high spatter contents and hydrogen levels less than 15 ml
per 100g of weld metal deposited
c. large volumes of shielding gas, hydrogen contents greater than 15 ml per 100g of weld metal
deposited and should be never be baked
d. high spatter contents, high deposition and large volumes of gas shield

33. From the following electrode coding in BS EN 499, E50 3 1Ni B 140 0 1 H5, what does the
3 represent
a. a minimum charpy value of a 30 joules
b. a minimum impact value of 47 joules
c. a minimum impact temperature of -30C at a given Joule value
d. none of the above

34. Which of the following is applicable to electrode efficiency?

a. the mass of metal deposited as a percentage of the mass of core wire melted
b. iron powder electrodes have efficiencies above 100%
c. electrodes of high efficiencies tend to produce welds of a smooth flat profile
d. both a & b
e. all of the above
35. E6013 electrode would most probably used for welding:
a. low pressure pipework
b. high pressure pipework
c. vertical down welding on storage tanks
d. in a situation where low hydrogen welds are specified

36. What constituent is needed in a coating of an electrode to prevent the formation of porosity
when welding rimming steel
a. iron powder
b. potassium silicate
c. silicon
d. calcium carbonate

37. Flux cored wires may be advantages over solid wires because:
a. higher deposition
b. lower hydrogen contents in the deposited welds
c. easy addition of alloying elements
d. both a & c
e. all of the above

38. Which of the following electrodes and current types may be used for the TIG welding of nickel
and its alloys?
a. cerium electrode, DC -ve
b. zirconium electrode, AC
c. thorium electrode, DC +ve
d. all of the above may be used

39. In a semi-automatic welding process, which of the following shielding gas/gas mixtures would
normally give the deepest penetration on steel?
a. 100% argon
b. 100% CO2
c. 75% argon + 25% CO2
d. all of the above would give the same depth in penetration

40. Hydrogen controlled electrodes were developed principally for:

a. the prevention of porosity
b. the prevention of cracking
c. the enhancement of arc voltage
d. their case of arc starting

41. Which of the following is likely to give the highest impact strength in ferritic weld metal?
a. cellulosic electrodes
b. submerged arc with acid flux
c. spray transfer CO2 welding
d. basic coated normal metal arc electrodes

42. When hydrogen control is specified for a MMA welding project the electrode would normally be:
a. cellulosic
b. iron oxide
c. acid
d. basic

43. You would with certainty recognize a hydrogen controlled flux covered electrode from its
a. color
b. length
c. trade name
d. AWS/BS639 code letter
44. You noticed MMA welding electrodes, stripe of flux , are being used as filler wire, for TIG
welding. You would object because:
a. it is too expensive
b. the wire would be too thick
c. the weld metal composition may be wrong
d. the wire is too short

45. The weld metal deposits of MMA electrode achieves its mechanical strength through?
a. the core wire
b. the flux coating
c. iron powder with the flux coating

46. What constituent is needed in coating of electrode of an electrode to prevent formation of

porosity in welding of rimming steel?
a. iron powder
b. calcium flouride
c. silicon
d. calcium carbonate

47. The use of cellulosic electrode is often made when welding the root pass of pipes in the field.
This is because?
a. hydrogen control is needed
b. iron powder in the electrode
c. higher arc voltage can be obtained
d. shorter arc length can be achieved

48. Submerged arc fluxes can be supplied in two forms; these are?
a. sintered and agitated
b. agitated and fused
c. crushed and agglomerated
d. fused and agglomerated

49. MMA electrodes can be grouped into 3 main types. These are:
a. basic, cellulosic & rutile
b. neutral, cellulosic & rutile
c. basic , cellulosic & neutral
d. none of the above

50. Which electrode classification would be relevant AWS A5.1-81:

a. E6013
b. E5133
c. E7018 - G
d. fleet weld 5

51. Which of the following coating is associated with stove welding:

a. rutile
b. cellulosic
c. basic
d. oxidizing

52. The type of SAW flux is more resistance to moisture absorption:

a. fused
b. agglomerated
c. basic
d. all of about the same resistance

53. A basic electrode would normally:

a. have superior mechanical properties
b. require baking before use
c. not be used on low carbon steel
 d. both a & b

54. Which of the following is not an inert gas?

a. argon
b. xenon
c. carbon dioxide
d. helium

55. Which electrodes are very susceptible to causing porosity in the deposited weld if long
arc employed?
a. basic
b. cellulosic
c. rutile
d. none of the above
Q. No. ANSWER Q. No. ANSWER
1 A 28 C
2 E 29 A BS EN-499 ------- E 46 3 1Ni B 5 4 H5
3 A 30 A
4 B 31 D LOW HYDROGEN POTENTAL (after Baking)
5 C 32 C
6 C 33 D WELDING POSITION
7 C 34 E
8 B 35 A ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS
9 A 36 C
10 B 37 D FLUX COATING TYPE
11 A 38 A
12 C 39 B LIGHT LOW ALLOY COMPOSITIN
13 B 40 B TOUGHNESS in JOULES
14 A 41 D
15 D 42 D YIELD & TENSILE STRENGTH
16 A 43 D ELECTRODE
17 C 44 C
18 C 45 B
19 B 46 C AWS - A5.1 & A5.5
20 D 47 B
21 B 48 D E 80 1 8 G
22 D 49 A AW A 5.5 FOR LOW ALLOY STEEL
23 B 50 A
24 C 51 B ELECTRIC CHARACTERISTICS
25 B 52 A
26 D 53 D POSITIONAL CAPABILITIES
27 D 54 C TENSILE STRENGTH x 1000 PSI
55 A

MMA CONSUMABLES

GROUP CONSTITUENTS SHIELD GAS USES AWS A5.1

RUTILE TITANIA MAINLY CO GEN. PURPOSE E6013
BASIC CALCIUM COMPUND MAINLY CO HIGH QUALITY E7018
CELLULOSIC CELLULOSE HYDROGEN +O PIPE ROOT RUN E6010

SAW FLUXES

Agglomerated Fluxes- Mixture of compound that are baked together at a very low temparature.
Dull, Easily crushed
Basic Type

Fuse Fluxes = Mixed together & baked at a very high temparature > 1000 C
= Hard, reflective, irregular shaped, cannot be crushed by hand
= Acidic type