THE WELDING INSTITUTE

Senior Welding Inspection, Steels – WIS 10

Question Paper (MSR-SWI-4)

Name: ……………………………………………….
Answer all questions

1. What is weld decay?

a. Local reduction in chromium content occurring in unstabilised austenitic stainless
steel, lowering the materials resistance to corrosion attack.
b. Slow plastic deformation of a material under constant stress at any temperature.
c. A type of crack, which may occur in materials, that are in a state of tensile stress
and in contact with a corrosive material.
d. A type of crack which occurs in the HAZ of welds of low alloy steels during PWHT
or service elevated temperatures.

2. Which of the following are essential factors for lamellar tearing?

a. High residual stress, poor through thickness ductility, and existing plate
laminations.
b. Poor through thickness ductility, fusion face parallel with rolled direction of parent
plate, most commonly occurs in single-V butt welds.
c. Stress, poor through thickness ductility, fusion face parallel with the rolled
direction of the parent material.
d. Tensile stress, deoxidised parent plate, poor through thickness ductility.

3. What are the units used when measuring light intensities for viewing test specimens
using MPI or DPI testing?
a. Tesla.
b. Lux
c. Hertz.
d. Gray.

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4. What instrument would be used to measure the density of a radiograph?

a. Penetrameter.
b. Densitometer.
c. Light meter.
d. TLD.

5. Which of the following may be used to reduce distortion?

a. The least amount of deposited weld metal possible with as few weld passes as
possible
b. The least amount of deposited weld metal possible with as many weld passes as
possible.
c. Use a faster welding process with as many weld passes as possible.
d. Use materials with low thermal conductivity and lower elasticity.

6. If it was a requirement to radiograph a 10mm thick steel weldment, which of the

following isotopes would be the most suited with regards to application and quality.
a. Yb 169.
b. Tm 170.
c. Ir 192.
d. Co 60.

7. Which of the following applies to plate laminations

a. It is a product defect, which occurs during the steel making process.
b. It is a rolled out casting defect.
c. It is caused mainly by poor through thickness ductility.
d. Both a and b
e. All of the above

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8. When welding rimming steel with autogenous TIG process which of the following
problems may occur?
a. Porosity.
b. Tungsten inclusions.
c. Burn through.
d. Excessive cap reinforcement.

9. What does PQR stand for?

a. Production quality control record.
b. Production quality record.
c. Procedure qualification record.
d. Procedure quality record.

10. Basic coated electrodes have which of the following properties?

a. High mechanical properties, may be used to produce welds of high deposition
rates and if used correctly may produce welds of a low hydrogen contents.
b. Friable slag, high mechanical properties and if used correctly may produce welds
of low hydrogen contents.
c. Ease of use, Good stop/starting properties and may produce welds of low carbon
contents
d. All of the above could apply to basic coated electrodes.

11. Which of the following are considered heat affected zone cracks?
a. Solidification cracks, lamellar tearing and re-heat cracks.
b. Hydrogen cracks, solidification cracks and liquation cracks.
c. Re-heat cracks, solidification cracks and liquation cracks.
d. Re-heat cracks, liquation cracks and hydrogen cracks.

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12. Which of the following is the most likely appearance of lack of root fusion on a
radiograph taken of a single vee butt weld?
a. dark straight line with a light root.
b. dark straight line with a darker root.
c. dark root with straight edges.
d. dark uneven line with a light root.

13. Which of the following best describes a semi-automatic welding process?

a. The welder is responsible for the arc gap and travel speed.
b. The welder is responsible for the travel speed only.
c. The welding plant controls both arc gap and travel speed but under constant
supervision.
d. The welding plant controls both travel speed and arc gap, no supervision required.

14. What would be the main effect produced by increasing the kV’s in a radiograph?
a. An increase in sensitivity.
b. An increase in definition.
c. A reduction in density.
d. A reduction in contrast.

15. Which of the following defects are likely to be missed using x-ray as the inspection
medium?
a. Plat laminations, lack of sidewall fusion on a single U butt weld and cap overlap.
b. Toe crack, plate laminations and lack of sidewall fusion on a double U butt weld.
c. Plate laminations, lack of inter-run fusion with the MIG/MAG welding process and
cap overlap.
d. All defects are detectable when using x-ray.

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16. You are required to visit a site on which your welding inspectors have been involved.
The work concerns the inspection of a welded structure to a specified application
standard and is now completed and ready for final approval.
What questions do you ask, what documents do you review and what inspections do
you require before submitting your inspection report to the authorities concerned?

17. Describe the relationship between the four essential factors involved in the formation
of hydrogen induced cold cracking.

18. Briefly discuss the essential factors involved with solidification cracking and its effects
on steel welds.

19. Discuss the factors involved with lamellar tearing, with the aid of a diagram show its
typical location.

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20. From the following joint preparation state any suitable electrodes and treatments
required when welding the joint, state any possible problems regarding welding
defects that are likely to occur during and after welding the joint and state the best
inspection methods for both surface and sub-surface inspection of the completed
joint.

Carbon Manganese steel

50mm thickness
Welding process MMA

C = 0.12% 30O 30O

Mn = 1.3%

Root gap 2mm

Root face 2mm

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