BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

SERVING
- Toss the ball in the air you must contact the ball to send it over the net or let the ball
VOLLEYBALL drop without touching it again until it hits the floor first. The volleyball serve is the first
opportunity for a player to score a point. Once the referee blows the whistle to start the
rally you have 8 seconds to complete your serve routine and get the ball over the net.
If you let the ball drop to the floor, the referee will blow the whistle again and this time
An indoor volleyball is typically white but may you have five seconds to serve the ball over the net.
have some other color as well. It's round with 8
or 16 panels and is usually made of leather. The
official indoor volleyball is 25.5 - 26.5 inches in
circumference, weighs 9.2 - 9.9 ounces, and has
4.3 - 4.6 psi air pressure. I youth volleyball is
slightly smaller. Beach volleyballs are slightly
bigger, weigh the same, but have much less air
pressure.

The volleyball court is 18 meters long and 9

meters wide. It is divided in sides in the middle
by the net.
The net is 1 meter wide and is set up so that the
top of the net is 7 feet 11 5/8 inches for men and
7 feet 4 1/8 for women above the ground.
Do you only other key feature is a line that is
drawn on each side 3 meters from the net and
parallel to the net. This line it is called the attack
line. it defines the front row and back row areas.
PASSING
-Clasp both thumbs and hold wrists together creating a flat platform to forearm pass the
volleyball in the air deflecting it to a player or over the net.
The pass also known as the bump, or the forearm pass is a service reception technique
used to contact a ball that is entered your court area when your team is on offense.
Once the opposing team served ball crosses the net onto your side and arrives just
above your hip level, you clasp both hands together, one palm inside the other, and
pointing both thumbs to the ground. This creates a platform with both arms that you use
to contact the ball deflecting it from your angled platform into the air towards the
person most responsible for making the second contact on the ball, your setter or if its
the third contact then you send the ball over the net.

2.
1.
 TACTICAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL
Defensive Tactics in Volleyball
Blocking
- It is crucial for defensive volleyball players to choose the right moment for blocking.
On the other hand, blockers must be able to master the effective blocking technique. It
goes without saying that a blocker must watch an attacker of the opposite team
carefully. This will help a defensive player prepare for an attack hit, choose the right
moment for blocking and, finally, resist an attack of the opposite team successfully
Diving, rolling, and sliding
- The job of a defensive volleyball player is not to let the ball hit the ground. If this
happens for some reasons the volleyball team will lose a point. So, to prevent such a
situation from happening, a volleyball player must be able to dive, roll and slide.

Passing Tactics in Volleyball

Digging
- The preparation for a volleyball attack starts with a dig. Actually, a dig is an accurate
and controlled volleyball shot. A dig is also known as the first shot after an attack of
the opposite team is resisted. As previously mentioned, a volleyball team has the right

Setting
to make 3 shots only. So, dig is the first of 3 shots.

- The second passing shot is known to be set. In other words, setting is the final stage of
VOLLEYBALL
preparing for an attack hit. You need to know that there are two types of volleyball sets
– an overhand shot as well as overhead shot. Setting involves hitting the ball with
palms. Obviously, a setter should not hit the ball forcefully. The job of a setter is to
HANDBOOK
make it easy for an attacker to carry out the final third shot (an attack hit). That is why
it is fair to say that the success of an attacker depends a lot on setter’s job.

Attacking Tactics in Volleyball

Serving
- Serve is one of the most important shots in volleyball. There are different types of
serves in volleyball – float serve, jump serve as well as topspin serve. Obviously, a
server should aim to make it difficult for the opposite team to dig and pass the ball. It’s
important to keep in mind that if a server does great job, then he/she will be able to put
a lot of pressure on the opposite team.
Spiking
- A spike is another type of an attack hit in volleyball. After the ball is digged and set, it
is time for an attacker to carry out the attack hit. And of course, an attacker should aim
to land the ball on the opposite side of the court to win a score for his/her team. So, if
an attacker does great job, then he/she will be able either to win a point for his/her team
or create a lot of difficulties for the opposite team.
Object of the Game
- The object of volleyball is to hit the volleyball over the net (by only using your
hands) running through the centre of the court whilst trying to get it to bounce
in your opponent’s half. The opposing team must try and prevent the ball from
bouncing before returning the ball. Games are played out in best of 3 or 5 sets
and the team with most sets at the end of the game wins.
Scoring
- To score a point the ball must hit the ground within the outlined section in your
opponent’s half. You can also score a point by your opponent failing to hit the
outlined section within your half or your opponent hitting the ball into the net.
A point can be scored off either team serve.
-A player serving must do so from behind the base line and can use either an
over or underarm action and hit with only the hand. Once the serve has been
made the sever can join their team in-play and battle out the point.
-Each team is allowed to hit the ball three times before the ball must be
returned. A player is not allowed to hit the ball twice in succession. If the ball
hits the boundary line, then the ball is deemed to be in-play. The defensive
team can jump and try to block the ball returning to their side of the court. If a
block attempt is made and the ball bounces in their opponent’s half, then a
point is awarded. If after the block the ball bounces out, then a point is awarded
to the opposing team.
-Each game is played to 25 points and must be two points clear. If the scores
reach 24-24 then the game is played until one team leads by two.
Rules of Volleyball
- Each team consist of 6 players and 6 substitutes. Players can be substituted at
any time but if they are to return can only be swapped for the player that
replaced them.
- Each team can hit the ball up to three times before the ball must be returned.
The defensive team can then try and block or return the ball again hitting it a
maximum of three times.
- Games are played up to 25 points and must be won by 2 clear points.
- Violations will be called for the following:
- Stepping over the base line when serving the ball.
- Ball hits the net and fails to get over the net (If the ball hits the net and still
goes over the net then this is perfectly legal).
- Players are not allowed to carry, palm or run with the ball.
- Players must not touch the net with any part of the body. If the net is said to
have hit them rather than vice-versa, then this is ok.
- The ball cannot travel under the net.
- Players cannot reach over the net and hit the ball.
In competitive matches, volleyball officials are responsible for officiating the two
teams competing against each other.
Volleyball officials at the school, club, national, and international level for matches
all have officials responsible for refereeing the match, keeping score, and watching
the court during rallies to observe, moderate and determine which of the two teams
wins and making sure both teams compete fairly by following official volleyball
rules.
Let us review the job descriptions, responsibilities and the roles of the volleyball
officials and referees and others who may be officiating your next game on.
Why is knowing this information important? The referee and other non-playing
officials on the court have a say in what happens during a game you are competing
in.
Sometimes volleyball players agree with them, and lots of times players do not.
FIRST REFEREE
The first referee, aka the first official aka the 'up" referee starts the match, judges
each play and calls the technical fouls, assigns points and sideouts as they occur to
each qualifying team and also makes the final decision on questionable plays.
He or she is called the "up" referee because they climb up and call the game from an
elevated volleyball stand
he first referee watches the blockers for net touches, calls the double hits, lifts,
technical fouls, timeouts and starts each play with a whistle blow to each server.
Here are a few more responsibilities of the first referee:
Before the match starts:
- The first referee inspects the balls, the court equipment like the net and
antennae and inspects the conditions of the playing area.
- They perform the coin toss with the team captains and moderates the
beginning and ending time for warmups
During the match:
- The first referee will issue warnings to teams
- Can sanction misconduct delays of the game
- Decides on possible faults of the players in service and the positions of the
serving team, watching closely for screens
- The faults than can occur when the ball is being played
- Attack hit faults committed by the Libero if they jump and attack the ball
making contact when the entire ball is above the level of the net.
End of the match
- They check the score sheet and sign it
SECOND REFEREE
The second referee is across from the first referee on the opposite side of the net
officiating the game from the ground.The second referee, one of the volleyball
officials, sometimes known as the "down" referee assists and supports the first
referee mainly by calling fouls that occur under the net.
They watch a:
a) team's rotation order to make sure players are in the right position,
b) foot faults committed by the server or back row hitter,
c) answer questions and monitor the score and players being substituted in and out
of the substitution zone
d) also looks to the linesman for judgment calls when needed.

They also watch players on team benches who are in the warmup area, controls and
helps monitor both team's timeouts, communicates with the scorer at the score
table.
At the beginning of matches and at the beginning of each set, the second referee
checks each team's rotation based on how each coach has entered their starting
lineup on the lineup sheet.
During competition they whistle and signal ...
- any penetration into the opponent's court over the net or under the net
- any overlaps or out of position faults by the team in serve receive
- backrow issues like backrow players coming front row to block or liberos
jumping to hit a ball that's completely above the top of the net
- any time the ball touches the floor when the first referee can't see where or
how it landed
At the end of the match, the second referee
- checks the score sheet and signs it.
SCORER
The scorer operates their functions from a table, the scorer's table which is located
behind the second referee
Before the match begins the scorer...
- registers the numbers on jerseys and each team's lineup in the scorebook
and lineup sheets
- gets the signatures of the captains and coaches
During the match...
- records the points scored by both teams, tracks timeouts and substitutions
called
- monitors the service order for each team and notifies the second referee if a
player serves out of order
- records yellow cards and red cards, misconduct warnings, sanctions and
improper requests and controls the intervals between sets
- records other events like special substitutions, recovery time, long
interruptions,
After the match, the scorer...
- records the final result
- if there are any protests launched during the match, the scorer, with
permission from the first referee will allow the captain of the team
launching the protest, to write the details of their protest on the score sheet
in a statement regarding the incident.
- signs the score sheet before obtaining the signatures of the team captains
and then the referees
LINESMEN
Depending on what type of game is being played, there are two or four linesmen
that stand on only two or all four corners of the volleyball court.
When there are two official linesmen one stands at the corner where the sideline
and the service line meet on one side and the other linesman stands in the same
place on the opposing team's side.
In official games, the linesmen will have a flag in their hands, if not, then they will
make their calls using their arms.
Their responsibility is to judge whether a volleyball has landed inside or outside of
the sidelines or service lines and to call any block touches.
Linesmen or linespersons use flags to

- indicate their calls of the ball being "in" or "out" when they call balls close to
the sideline or endline
- touches on balls going out
- the ball touches the antenna, if it passes outside of the net and the third hit
of a ball crossing over the net outside the crossing space