Name: Ayush Kr.

Gupta
Roll no. : CE20B021

Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Shear

Aim: To study the behaviour of beams under shear, with and without shear reinforcement.

Details of test specimen:

Apparatus used:
1. Hydraulic Jack
2. Demountable Mechanical (DEMEC) Gauge
3. Pellets
4. Dial gauge

Background:
Brief description of the response of reinforced concrete beams under shear:
1. Behaviour of a beam without shear reinforcement:
Concrete, aggregates interlocking, and the rebars present in the beam will take the shear in
beams without shear reinforcement.
2. Behaviour of a beam with shear reinforcement:
Stirrups, together with concrete, aggregates, and rebars in shear reinforced beams, will
contribute to the beam's resistance to shear load. As a result, the shear capacity of the beam
will be greater in this scenario than in the absence of shear reinforcement.

Typical shear failure modes:

Diagonal Tension Failure:Flexural fractures originate at the bottom of the beam, grow in
size, and extend towards the loading point, resulting in shear sliding along a diagonal crack
in the beam.

Shear Compression Failure:Cracks will form in the cross section of the beam, extending to
the compression zone of the beam at the loading region, and when the compressive strength
of the concrete exceeds the compressive strength of the concrete, the concrete crushes.
The cracks then expand from the bottom to the top to the loading point.
Brief review of shear strength of reinforced concrete beams:

Sketch of experimental setup:

Procedure:
Without Shear Reinforcement:
At zero load, the initial DEMEC and dial gauge readings are collected.
The load is then raised in increments of 250 kg at first, and later by 500 kg at a time. Dial
Gauge and DEMEC readings are taken, and cracks are also evaluated at the same time.
This process was repeated until failure occurred and the load at which failure occurred is
noted as failure load.

With shear reinforcement:

At zero load, the initial DEMEC and dial gauge readings are collected.
The load is then raised in increments of 500 kg at first, and later by 1000 kg at a time. Dial
Gauge and DEMEC readings are taken, and cracks are also evaluated at the same time.
This process was repeated until failure occurred and the load at which failure occurred is
noted as failure load.
Observations:
Without Shear Reinforcement:
Load Dial gauge

0 94
250 101
500 110
750 115
1000 121
1250 125
1500 130
1750 134
2000 139
2500 148
3000 157
3500 168
4000 178
4500 189
5000 202
5500 214
6000 227
6500 242
7000 263

DEMEC GAUGE READING

Load DIAL GAUGE 1 DIAL GAUGE 2

0 0.199 0.063
250 0.171 0.065
500 0.179 0.065
750 0.177 0.064
1000 0.176 0.065
1250 0.171 0.068
1500 0.185 0.06
1750 0.163 0.064
2000 0.163 0.069
2500 0.186 0.064
3000 0.161 0.065
3500 0.182 0.065
4000 0.189 0.067
4500 0.195 0.073
5000 0.192 0.076
 5500 0.18 0.076
6000 0.182 0.073
6500 0.183 0.078

With Shear Reinforcement:

LOAD Dial gauge

0 168
500 188
1000 200
1500 211
2000 222
2500 234
3000 244
4000 273
5000 311
6000 360
7000 412
8000 471

Load DEMEC GAUGE READING

DIAL GAUGE 1 DIAL

GAUGE
2
0 0.004 0.73
500 0.016 0.07
1000 0.005 0.065
1500 0.009 0.064
2000 0.02 0.062
2500 0.026 0.062
3000 0.033 0.063
4000 0.013 0.055
5000 0.06 -0.069
6000 0.123 -0.219
7000 0.07 -0.449
8000 0.082 -0.75
Sketch of crack pattern:

NO. Weight (in Load (in Strength( in

kg) KN) Mpa)
1 7.88 446 19.82222222
2 7.82 418 18.57777778
3 7.99 503 22.35555556

merge 20.25185185

Detailed Calculations:
D = 200 - 25 - 0.5*16-6 = 161 mm

P t = ((3*3.14*8^2)/(150*161))*100 = 2.49%

= Greater of (0.8*20.25185185)/(6.89*2.407),1 = 1

𝝉 c = 0.827 MPa

V c = 19.97 kN

Theoretical strength of beam with stirrups:

V s = (550*6^2*pi/4*2)*(161/120)int= 31.10 kN
V uR = V c + V s = 20.54 + 39.19 = 50.17 kN

Deflection at a particular load = (Dial gauge reading - reference)*(0.05 mm)

Strain = (DEMEC reading)/ (200)

Without Shear Reinforcement:

Load Deflection
(kg) (mm)
0 0
250 0.35
500 0.8
750 1.05
1000 1.35
1250 1.55
1500 1.8
1750 2
2000 2.25
2500 2.7
3000 3.15
3500 3.7
4000 4.2
4500 4.75
5000 5.4
5500 6
6000 6.65
6500 7.4
7000 8.45
 Strain (10^-6)
Load Strain 1 Strain 2 Shear Stress Shear Strain
(N/mm2) (10^-6)

0 0 0 0 0
250 -0.56 0.0001 2452.5 0.28005
500 -0.4 0.0001 4905 0.20005
750 -0.44 0.00005 7357.5 0.220025
1000 -0.46 0.0001 9810 0.23005
1250 -0.56 0.00025 12262.5 0.280125
1500 -0.28 -0.00015 14715 0.139925
1750 -0.72 0.00005 17167.5 0.360025
2000 -0.72 0.0003 19620 0.36015
2500 -0.26 0.00005 24525 0.130025
3000 -0.76 0.0001 29430 0.38005
3500 -0.34 0.0001 34335 0.17005
4000 -0.2 0.0002 39240 0.1001
4500 -0.08 0.0005 44145 0.04025
5000 -0.14 0.00065 49050 0.070325
5500 -0.38 0.00065 53955 0.190325
6000 -0.34 0.0005 58860 0.17025
6500 -0.32 0.00075 63765 0.160375
With Shear Reinforcement:
Load Deflection
(mm)

0 0
500 1
1000 1.6
1500 2.15
2000 2.7
2500 3.3
3000 3.8
4000 5.25
5000 7.15
6000 9.6
7000 12.2
8000 15.15
 Strain (10^-6)

Load Strain 1 Strain 2 Shear Shear

Stress Strain
(N/mm2) (10^-6)
0 0 0 0 0
500 0.0006 -0.033 4905 0.0168
1000 0.00005 -0.0332 9810 0.01665
5
1500 0.00025 -0.0333 14715 0.016775
2000 0.0008 -0.0334 19620 0.0171
2500 0.0011 -0.0334 24525 0.01725
3000 0.00145 -0.0333 29430 0.0174
5
4000 0.00045 -0.0337 39240 0.0171
5
5000 0.0028 -0.0399 49050 0.021375
5
6000 0.00595 -0.0474 58860 0.0267
5
7000 0.0033 -0.0589 68670 0.031125
5
8000 0.0039 -0.074 78480 0.03895
Discussion:
● The observed capacity is far more than the theoretical capacity in both situations,
which might be owing to partial safety considerations contained in the calculation
methods.
● In the beam, diagonal tension failure occurs when there is no shear reinforcement
while shear compression failure occurs when there is shear reinforcement.
● In both situations, the observed cracking is diagonal.
● As the charts illustrate, beams collapse with higher ductility when shear
reinforcement is applied.